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Hello!

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Божидар

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Bozhidar

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Божo

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Bozho cool

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Bozo not cool

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Bug cool

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Sofia, Bulgaria Sofia, Bulgaria

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Balkan Ruby @balkanruby https://balkanruby.com May 2017 Sofia, Bulgaria

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bbatsov

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Ruby & Rails style guides

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Not on Ruby’s Core Team

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–Matz “We’ll aim to release Ruby 3 for the Olympic Games in Tokyo in 2020.”

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Ruby is now mature

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We’re aware of all of our mistakes

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Compatibility is important

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Ruby has survived for 24 years

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People are still making a living a with Ruby

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People are still making a living with COBOL

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Build the things your users need, instead of the things they want.

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The track record of recent Ruby innovation

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Ruby != MRI

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3.times do puts "Ruby Rocks!" end

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Ruby 2.0

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•keyword arguments •%i •UTF-8 is now the default source file encoding •Refinements (experimental feature)

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Ruby 2.1

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•Rational/Complex Literal •defs return value •Refinements are no longer experimental feature

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Ruby 2.2

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Nada

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Ruby 2.3

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•frozen string literals pragma •safe navigation operator (&.) •squiggly heredocs (<<~)

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Ruby 2.4

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•Unify Fixnum and Bignum into Integer •Support Unicode case mappings

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Ruby 2.5?

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•Top-level constant look-up is removed •rescue/else/ensure are allowed inside do/end blocks •refinements take place in string interpolations


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Java innovates more!

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Ruby 2.2 includes many new features and improvements for the increasingly diverse and expanding demands for Ruby. For example, Ruby’s Garbage Collector is now able to collect Symbol type objects. This reduces memory usage of Symbols; because GC was previously unable to collect them before 2.2. Since Rails 5.0 will require Symbol GC, it will support only Ruby 2.2 or later. (See Rails 4.2 release post for details.) Also, a reduced pause time thanks to the new Incremental Garbage Collector will be helpful for running Rails applications. Recent developments mentioned on the Rails blog suggest that Rails 5.0 will take advantage of Incremental GC as well as Symbol GC.

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Ruby 2.2 includes many new features and improvements for the increasingly diverse and expanding demands for Ruby. For example, Ruby’s Garbage Collector is now able to collect Symbol type objects. This reduces memory usage of Symbols; because GC was previously unable to collect them before 2.2. Since Rails 5.0 will require Symbol GC, it will support only Ruby 2.2 or later. (See Rails 4.2 release post for details.) Also, a reduced pause time thanks to the new Incremental Garbage Collector will be helpful for running Rails applications. Recent developments mentioned on the Rails blog suggest that Rails 5.0 will take advantage of Incremental GC as well as Symbol GC.

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Ruby 2.2 includes many new features and improvements for the increasingly diverse and expanding demands for Ruby. For example, Ruby’s Garbage Collector is now able to collect Symbol type objects. This reduces memory usage of Symbols; because GC was previously unable to collect them before 2.2. Since Rails 5.0 will require Symbol GC, it will support only Ruby 2.2 or later. (See Rails 4.2 release post for details.) Also, a reduced pause time thanks to the new Incremental Garbage Collector will be helpful for running Rails applications. Recent developments mentioned on the Rails blog suggest that Rails 5.0 will take advantage of Incremental GC as well as Symbol GC.

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Ruby 2.2 includes many new features and improvements for the increasingly diverse and expanding demands for Ruby. For example, Ruby’s Garbage Collector is now able to collect Symbol type objects. This reduces memory usage of Symbols; because GC was previously unable to collect them before 2.2. Since Rails 5.0 will require Symbol GC, it will support only Ruby 2.2 or later. (See Rails 4.2 release post for details.) Also, a reduced pause time thanks to the new Incremental Garbage Collector will be helpful for running Rails applications. Recent developments mentioned on the Rails blog suggest that Rails 5.0 will take advantage of Incremental GC as well as Symbol GC.

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Ruby 2.2 includes many new features and improvements for the increasingly diverse and expanding demands for Ruby. For example, Ruby’s Garbage Collector is now able to collect Symbol type objects. This reduces memory usage of Symbols; because GC was previously unable to collect them before 2.2. Since Rails 5.0 will require Symbol GC, it will support only Ruby 2.2 or later. (See Rails 4.2 release post for details.) Also, a reduced pause time thanks to the new Incremental Garbage Collector will be helpful for running Rails applications. Recent developments mentioned on the Rails blog suggest that Rails 5.0 will take advantage of Incremental GC as well as Symbol GC.

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Ruby 2.2 includes many new features and improvements for the increasingly diverse and expanding demands for Ruby. For example, Ruby’s Garbage Collector is now able to collect Symbol type objects. This reduces memory usage of Symbols; because GC was previously unable to collect them before 2.2. Since Rails 5.0 will require Symbol GC, it will support only Ruby 2.2 or later. (See Rails 4.2 release post for details.) Also, a reduced pause time thanks to the new Incremental Garbage Collector will be helpful for running Rails applications. Recent developments mentioned on the Rails blog suggest that Rails 5.0 will take advantage of Incremental GC as well as Symbol GC.

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Trailblazer

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Hanami

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What about Ruby 3.0?

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Little is known about it…

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Little concrete is known about it…

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Optional static typing? rejected

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Duck inference?

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Better support for concurrent & parallel programming

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3 times faster performance?

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mjit?

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Getting rid of some quirky features?

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We’re not going to repeat the Python 3 mistakes! — Matz

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And what about the Perl 6 mistakes? — Bozhidar

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Who said Ruby is dead? — Matz

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Ruby is dead!

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–Zach Tellman There has been a consistent migratory pattern from Ruby to node.js to Go, Rust, and Elixir. At first, each community is defined by its potential. But as that potential is realized, the community begins to be defined by its compromises. That change is felt most keenly by the people who were there first, who remember what it was like when anything seemed possible. They feel fenced in and so they move on, in search of their golden city…”

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Stewardship: The Sobering Parts https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2y5Pv4yN0b0

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Ruby 4.0: To INFINITY and Beyond by Bozhidar Batsov

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Codename Buzz

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Ruby 4x4

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Ruby 4 is going to be 4 times faster than Ruby 3

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Ruby 4 is going to be 12 times faster than Ruby 2

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Ruby 4 is finally going to be fast enough!

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Ruby 4.0, the language

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Ruby 4.0, the language (and maybe the Standard Library)

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Design principle #1

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Continue to optimize for happiness

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Add some useful new features

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Immutable data structures

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vector

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v = @[1, 2, 3]

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immutable hash

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m = @{one: 1, two: 2}

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immutable set

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s = @${1, 2, 3}

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s = ${1, 2, 3}

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Static typing and runtime contracts

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Inspired by RDL

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type '(Fixnum, Fixnum) -> String' def m(x, y) ... end

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pre { |x| x > 0 } post { |r,x| r > 0 } def sqrt(x) # return the square root of x end

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type '(Float x {{ x>=0 }}) -> Float y {{ y>=0 }}' def sqrt(x) # return the square root of x end

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Better concurrency APIs

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Inspired by concurrent-ruby

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CSP

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messages = Concurrent::Channel.new Concurrent::Channel.go do messages.put 'ping' end msg = messages.take puts msg

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def sum(a, c) sum = a.reduce(0, &:+) c << sum # `<<` is an alias for `put` or `send` end a = [7, 2, 8, -9, 4, 0] l = a.length / 2 c = Concurrent::Channel.new Concurrent::Channel.go { sum(a[-l, l], c) } Concurrent::Channel.go { sum(a[0, l], c) } x, y = ~c, ~c # `~` is an alias for `take` or `receive` puts [x, y, x+y].join(' ')

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Namespaces!

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class A class B < A # bla end end

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module A::B::M end

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A::B.class_eval do module M end end

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# does the right thing always namespace A::B module M end end

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Pattern Matching

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Deprecation API

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class SomeClass extend Gem::Deprecate def no_more close end deprecate :no_more, :close, 2015, 5 def close # new logic here end end

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class SomeClass deprecate replacement: close, version: 2 def no_more close end def close # new logic here end end

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class SomeClass deprecate scope: :class, version: 2.1 def ala # something truly deep end def bala # something extremely profound end end

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Design principle #2

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Simplicity

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Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.

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Less is more

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Simplicity leads to happiness.

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Let’s drop some stuff

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Let’s drop some useless stuff

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for loops

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for name in names puts name end

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names.each do |name| puts name end

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autoload

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BEGIN & END

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END { puts 'Bye!' } puts 'Processing...' BEGIN { puts 'Starting...' }

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puts 'Bye!' puts 'Starting...' puts 'Processing...'

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Kernel#at_exit, anyone?

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flip-flops

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DATA.each_line do |line| print(line) if (line =~ /begin/)..(line =~ /end/) end

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block comments

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=begin comment line another comment line =end

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Must be placed at the very beginning of a line

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class SomeClass =begin This is a top comment. Or is it? =end def some_method end end

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class SomeClass =begin This is a top comment. Or is it? =end def some_method end end

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Character literals

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pry(main)> ?a => "a"

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$SAFE

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https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/ issues/8468

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Refinements

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Let’s drop some redundant stuff

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There’s more than one way to do it

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(There are way too many ways to do it)

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core library method aliases

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collect => map inject => reduce detect => find select => find_all sprintf => format length => size raise => fail

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Where is filter?

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map reduce find filter format length raise

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Farewell, fail!

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procs

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No arity check

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Non-local return

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Do we really need them?

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So many languages are getting by just fine with only lambdas…

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Single-quoted string literals

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A ton of obscure %-something literals

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%s, %x, %w, %W, %, %i

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%r, %q, %Q

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So excited to be here!

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puts "Hello, Budapest!" puts "Hello, Budapest!" puts "Hello, Budapest!”

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for i in 1..3 puts "Hello, Budapest!" end

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3.times do puts "Hello, Budapest!” end

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3.times do puts %(Hello, Budapest!) end

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3.times do puts %Q(Hello, Budapest!) end

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3.times do puts 'Hello, Budapest!’ end

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3.times do puts %q(Hello, Budapest!) end

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Are all those options worth our while?

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Let’s fix some stuff!

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and & or have the same precedence

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So many nils floating around

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pry(main)> "TOP".upcase => "TOP" pry(main)> "TOP".upcase! => nil

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pry(main)> 0.zero? => true pry(main)> 1.zero? => false pry(main)> 0.nonzero? => nil pry(main)> 1.nonzero? => 1

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Mutable strings

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Even JavaScript got this right…

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Reassignable constants

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Reassignable constants

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pry(main)> A = 5 => 5 pry(main)> A = 6 (pry):39: warning: already initialized constant A (pry):38: warning: previous definition of A was here => 6 pry(main)> Class = 3 (pry):40: warning: already initialized constant Class => 3 pry(main)> Class => 3

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Class variables

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class Parent @@class_var = 'parent' def self.print_class_var puts @@class_var end end class Child < Parent @@class_var = 'child' end Parent.print_class_var # => will print "child"

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Poorly named methods

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Kernel#puts

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Kernel#println, anyone?

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Kernel#print

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defined?

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[1] pry(main)> defined? 10 => "expression" [2] pry(main)> defined? Test => nil [3] pry(main)> defined? TrueClass => "constant"

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Enumerable#include?

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Enumerable#includes?

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Kernel#%

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'%d %d' % [20, 10]

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sprintf('%d %d', 20, 10)

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sprintf( '%{first} %{second}', first: 20, second: 10 )

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format('%{first} %{second}', first: 20, second: 10)

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In what universe would you prefer Kernel#% over Kernel#format???

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Perl-style global variables

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$:

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$LOAD_PATH

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$;

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$FIELD_SEPARATOR

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$*

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$ARGV

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JRuby defines the English aliases by default

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Ruby 4.0 will do this as well!

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WTF? Global variables?

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Even Java doesn’t have globals…

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The future of the standard library

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The Ruby Stdlib is a Ghetto http://www.mikeperham.com/2010/11/22/the-ruby-stdlib-is-a-ghetto/

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A ton of legacy code (often last updated 2000-2003)

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Horrible APIs

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net/http anyone?

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The Kill List • Net::* • DRb • REXML • RSS • Rinda • WEBrick • XML

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What are the parts of the standard library you dislike the most? Why so?

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1. Move the important bits to the Core Library

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2. Remove everything outdated/obscure

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3. Leverage modern Ruby features in the Standard Library

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Wait, there’s more!

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Formal language specification and compatibility test suite

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Roadmaps for future Ruby releases

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Epilogue

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When will Ruby 4 be released?

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Ruby 4.0 will likely never happen

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Ruby 4.0 ETA ~ 2048

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Ruby 4.0 is already here!

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Opal

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Clojure

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Elixir

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Scala

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–William Gibson “Тhe future is already here it's just not evenly distributed.”

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Felina

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One more thing…

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–Matz “Ruby is no longer my project. It’s the Ruby community’s project.”

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File tickets

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Send patches

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Blog about the issues

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Speak about the issues

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Let’s make Ruby better together!

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Ruby Ruby

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Thanks! twitter: @bbatsov github: @bbatsov http//batsov.com http://emacsredux.com EuRuKo 2017 Budapest, Hungary 30.09.2017