Javaカードの世界 / The world of Java Card

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The world of Java Card builderscon tokyo 2018 @moznion

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@moznion Software engineer Favorite Java's class: CompletableFuture

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GOAL: օ͞ΜJava Card Applet͕ॻ͚ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔ

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਎ۙͳJava Card - ΫϨδοτΧʔυ - SIMΧʔυ - ͳͲͳͲ

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਎ۙͳJava Card - ΫϨδοτΧʔυ - SIMΧʔυ - ͳͲͳͲ

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The world of Java Card The world of SIM Card? builderscon tokyo 2018 @moznion

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ͨͷ͍͠Java (Card) or Not JavaΫΠζ

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Java Card

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؆୯Ͱ͢Ͷʁ

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Not Java Card (C)

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Not Java Card (C) Java Card͸floatΛѻ͑·ͤΜ

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Not Java Card (C)

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Not Java Card (C) Java Card͸charΛѻ͑·ͤΜ

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Java Card

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Java Card Java Card͸byteͩͬͨΒѻ͑Δ

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Θ͔Γ·͔ͨ͠ʁ

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Θ͔Γ·ͨ͠Ͷ

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Smart Card

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Smart Card - ISO 7816 Ͱఆٛ͞Ε͍ͯΔ - λΠϓ͸2छྨ - Intelligent Smart Card - Memory Card - Java Card ͸ Intelligent Smart Card

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Smart Card Memory - Card্ʹ͸3λΠϓͷϝϞϦ͕৐͍ͬͯΔ - Persistent Immutable Memory: ROM - Persistent Mutable Memory: EPROM - Non-Persistent Mutable Memory: RAM

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Smart Card Interface - ֎քͱ͸Card Acceptance Device (CAD) ͱ  Card্ͷContact PointsΛհͯ͠ߦ͏ - Card͸֎ͷੈքͱ͸ಠࣗͷϓϩτίϧʹ  ΑΓσʔλͷ΍ΓऔΓΛߦ͏ => APDU

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APDU

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APDU - APDU: Application Protocol Data Units - Smart Card͸APDUʹΑͬͯ  ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯΛ  ߦ͏͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ OFCOM: Reprogrammable SIMs: Technology, Evolution and Implications

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APDU - APDU͸جຊతʹରʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ - Command (Request) APDU - Response APDU - Command͸ResponseͷৄࡉΛ஌͍ͬͯΔඞཁ͕͋Δ

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Command APDU Mandatory Header Optional body CLA INS P1 P2 Lc Data ﬁeld Le - CLA (1 byte): class (application) ͷࣝผࢠ - INS (1 byte): ໋ྩίʔυɽ͜ΕͰಈ࡞Λ੾ସ - P1/P2 (1 byte/1 byte): ໋ྩύϥϝʔλ - Lc (1 byte): Data fieldͷόΠτ௕ - Data field (Lc byte): ೚ҙͷόΠτྻ - Le (1 byte): ϨεϙϯεͷData fieldʹڐ͞ΕΔ࠷େόΠτ௕

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Response APDU Optional body Mandatory trailer Data ﬁeld SW1 SW2 - Data field(Le bytes): ϨεϙϯεσʔλͷόΠτྻ - SW1/SW2 (1 byte/1 byte): εςʔλεϫʔυ

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UICC (Universal Integrated Circuit Card)

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UICC (Universal Integrated Circuit Card) - Intelligent Smart CardͷҰछ - ͋Δఔ౓ͷԋࢉॲཧ͕Մೳ - Java Card (3.0.1Ҏ߱) ͷ࣮ߦج൫

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UICC (Universal Integrated Circuit Card) - CPU 32bit - ిؾಛੑ: 1.8 / 3 / 5V - ΫϩοΫ: 1~5MHz - ROM: 16KB~ - EEPROM 8KB~ - RAM: 256B~

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UICC Architecture OFCOM: Reprogrammable SIMs: Technology, Evolution and Implications

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Core O.S UICC Card Manager and Security domains Remote Applet Management Core Applications (USIM) File System servers Toolkit and Javacard runtime environment Javacard packages Javacard Applet UICC API and USIM API Javacard Toolkit Applet UICC Architecture

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Java Card

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Java Card ∈ Smart Card

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Java Cardͷྺ࢙ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Card Version 2.1 (07.06.1999) Version 2.1.1 (18.05.2000) Version 2.2 (11.2002) Version 2.2.1 (10.2003) Version 2.2.2 (03.2006) Version 3.0.1 (15.06.2009) Version 3.0.4 (06.08.2011) Version 3.0.5 (03.06.2015) -RSA without padding. -AES cryptography key encapsulation -CRC algorithms, -ECC key encapsulation, -Diffie-Hellman key exchange - Improved Logical Channels support (20) - SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512 - ISO9796-2, - HMAC, - Korean SEED MAC NOPAD, - Korean SEED NOPAD -Classic and Connected editions -SHA-224, SHA-2 for all signature algorithms -DES MAC8 ISO9797. - Diffie-Hellman modular exponentiation - Domain Data Conservation for Diffie- Hellman - Elliptic Curve and DSA keys, - RSA-3072 - SHA3 - plain ECDSA - AES CMAC - AES CTR. - Added the AppletEvent interface with the uninstall method. - Added the isAppletActive method to the JCSystem class

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- UICC্Ͱಈ͘JavaͷϥϯλΠϜ: JCRE - Java Card্Ͱಈ࡞͢ΔόΠτίʔυ͸  ͍ΘΏΔ௨ৗͷJVMόΠτίʔυͷαϒηοτ - => ͭ·Γػೳ੍͕ݶ͞Ε͍ͯΔ Java Card

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- ੍ݶ͞Ε͍ͯΔػೳͷྫ - Dynamic class loading - Security Manager - Thread - Object cloning - Finalization - Large primitive data types - جຊతʹ16bitΛ্ݶͱͯ͠ಈ࡞͢Δ (ྫ֎͋Γ) - primitive type - native methods Java Card Restrictions

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- ม਺͸ϦϑΝϨϯε͞Εͳ͘ͳͬͨΒ  ແ͘ͳΔ (lost) ͔GC͞ΕΔ - GC͕͋Δ͔Ͳ͏͔͸Χʔυͷ࣮૷࣍ୈ Java Card Memory Lifecycle

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- αϯυϘοΫεػೳ - Java CardͷϑΝΠΞ΢Υʔϧ͸1ͭͷΧʔυ্Ͱಈ࡞͍ͯ͠ Δappletͷ؀ڥΛ෼཭͢Δ - ·ͨ͋ΔappletͷΦϒδΣΫτΛଞͷappletʹ໌ࣔతʹڞ༗ ͢Δ͜ͱ΋Ͱ͖Δ - capability control - εϚʔτΧʔυ্ͰͷηΩϡΞͳಈ࡞ͷͨΊ - e.g. memory, CPU Java Card Security Functions

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- Smart Card࢓༷Ͳ͓Γ3λΠϓͷϝϞϦ͕ ͋Δ - ROM - EEPROM - RAM Java Card Memory

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جຊతʹΠϯελϯεม਺͸͢΂ͯ EEPROMʹॻ͖ࠐ·Ε·͢ʂʂʂʂ Java Card Memory

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- ͭ·Γʁ - ిݯ͕੾Εͯ΋Πϯελϯεม਺ͷσʔλ͸࢒Γ·͢ʂ - ਖ਼֬ʹݴ͏ͱిݯ͕੾Εͯ΋JVM͸ࢭ·Βͳ͍ - Πϯελϯεม਺ʹॻ͖ࠐΈ·͘ΔͱΧʔυ͕  յΕ·͢ʂʂʂʂʂ - (ޙड़͢ΔςΫχοΫΛ࢖ͬͯؤுΔඞཁ͕͋Δ) Java Card Memory

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- RAM͸ʁ - RAM͸͋Δʹ͸͋Δ͕ඇৗʹখ͍͞ - ୣ͍߹͍͕ى͜Δ (ྫ֎͕ग़Δ) - ຊ౰ʹҰ࣌తͳσʔλ΍ຊ౰ʹηϯγςΟϒͳ  σʔλΛೖΕΔͱ͖ʹ͚ͩ࢖͏ Java Card Memory

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- Java Card JVM͸͜ͷੈʹੜΛड͚ΔͱҰੜಈ͖ଓ͚Δ - shutdownͷ֓೦͕ͳ͍ - ిݯڙڅ͕ͳ͍৔߹͸ʮແݶͷΫϩοΫαΠΫϧʯͱ  Έͳ͍ͯ͠Δ Java Card JVM Lifecycle

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- Initialization phase - Immutable memory (ROM) ྖҬʹॻ͖ࠐΉ - e.g. ൃߦऀ໊, ੡଄ऀ໊ͳͲ - Personalization phase - Immutable memory (ROM) ྖҬʹॻ͖ࠐΉ - e.g. Ϣʔβʔ໊, 伴, PINͳͲ - ੜΧʔυΛߪೖͨ͠ࡍ͸initialization phase·ͰࡁΜͰ͍Δ͜ͱ͕ଟ͍ Java Card Lifecycle

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Applet!!!

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Applet...?

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Applet...? No!

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- ͍ΘΏΔJava AppletͰ͸ͳ͍ - Java Card RuntimeͰಈ͔͢ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ୯Ґ - Java Card্ʹ͸ෳ਺ͷAppletΛ֨ೲͰ͖Δ - ෳ਺ͷAppletΛಉ࣌ʹ࣮ߦ͢Δ͜ͱ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍ - select()/deselect()Ͱಈ͔͢appletΛ੾Γସ͑Δ Applet

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Java Card Development

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Extreme Environment - int͕࢖͑Δͷ͸ඇৗʹݶఆతͳঢ়گͷΈ - Java Card 3.0Ҏ߱ (ClassicͰ͸࢖͑ͳ͍) - ಛघͳࣄ৘͕ͳ͍ݶΓshortΛ࢖͏ - float΍double͸࢖͑·ͤΜ - String΋࢖͑·ͤΜ - (࣮͸ϞμϯͳJava Card؀ڥͩͱ࢖͑Δ) - ୅ΘΓʹόΠτ഑ྻ (byte[]) Λ࢖͏ - ଟ࣍ݩ഑ྻ΋࢖͑·ͤΜ

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Extreme Environment - Πϯελϯεม਺͸EEPROMʹอଘ͞ΕΔ - EEPROMͷण໋͸͍͍ͩͨ100,000 writes - ॻ͖ࠐΈ·͘ΔͱͿͬյΕ·͢ - ϩʔΧϧม਺͸RAMʹอଘ͞ΕΔ - ͨͩ͠native typeʹݶΔ - Ͳ͏ͯ͠΋RAMʹอଘ͍ͨ͠ͱ͖͸ʁ - transient arrayΛ࢖͏ - JCSystem.makeTransientByteArray((short)255,JCSystem.CLEAR_ON_RESET); - ͜ΕΛEEPROMʹ໭͢͜ͱ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍

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Compilation and bytecode conversion class .exp COMPILE .java CONVERT .cap .jca

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Compilation and bytecode conversion class .exp COMPILE .java CONVERT .cap .jca ͍ΘΏΔී௨ͷJDK (1.6͕҆ఆ͍ͯ͠Δ……)

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Compilation and bytecode conversion class .exp COMPILE .java CONVERT .cap .jca Java Card Development Kit όΠτίʔυΛม׵͢Δ

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Tool chain - IDE: Eclipse - javacard plugin͕͋Δ།ҰͷIDE? - JDK: JDK 1.6 (or later?) - JCDK: Java Card Development Kit  (JCDK͸Java Cardͷόʔδϣϯʹ߹ΘͤΔ)

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Tool chain - Loading onto card: Smart Card Reader Writer - Live testing: NomadLAB Contact Spy, etc...

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Appletͷجຊಈ࡞

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Appletͷجຊಈ࡞ ͜ΕΛ࣮૷͢Δ javacard.framework.AppletͰ ఆٛ͞Ε͍ͯΔ

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Source Code Sample: https://gist.github.com/moznion/ 3bfbc5121afceaebcc77964b4b94517a

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·ͱΊ

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·ͱΊ - Smart Card͕Θ͔Γ·ͨ͠ - APDU͕Θ͔Γ·ͨ͠ - Java Card͕Θ͔Γ·ͨ͠ - Java Card (JCRE) Ͱಈ࡞͢ΔAppletΛॻ͚Δ  Α͏ʹͳΓ·ͨ͠

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However...

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Applet Write

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Applet Write ❌

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Applet Write ❌ Why????

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Applet Write

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Cardͷॻ͖ࠐΈʹ͸伴͕ඞཁ - ೝূػ͔ؔΒ෷͍ग़͞ΕΔ伴͕ඞཁ - গͳ͘ͱ΋झຯͷൣғͰ͸伴͸  खʹೖΒͳ͍……ʢͱࢥΘΕΔʣ

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Applet Write AID

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Cardͷ࣮ߦʹ͸AID΋ඞཁ - Appletͷregisterʹ͸AID (Application Identifier) ͕ඞཁ - AIDʹ͸ISOͰ؅ཧ͞Ε͍ͯΔRIDؚ͕·Ε͍ͯΔ - झຯͷൣғͰ͸RID͸΋Β͑ͳ͍ (ͱࢥΘΕΔ……)

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ॻ͖ࠐΊͳ͍͡ΌΜʂʂʂʂʂ

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Referenced docs - ISO 7816-4 - https://www.iso.org/standard/54550.html - Java Card Platform Specification - https://docs.oracle.com/javacard - How to write a Java Card applet: A developer's guide - https://www.javaworld.com/article/2076450/client-side-java/ how-to-write-a-java-card-applet--a-developer-s-guide.html

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ͨͷ͍͠;Ζ͘ Java CardͬͯͲ͜Ͱങ͑Δͷ

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Java CardΛങ͏ - AmazonݟʹߦͬͨΒചͬͯͨ……

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Java CardΛങ͏ - AliexpressݟʹߦͬͨΒചͬͯͨ……

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Java CardΛങ͏ - ΋͠࢓ࣄͰങ͏ͷͰ͋Ε͹ઐ໳ͷϕϯμʔ͔Β ങ͏͜ͱʹͳΔͰ͠ΐ͏ - Gemalto - IDEMIA - ͳͲͳͲ

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ͨͷ͍͠;Ζ͘ Java CardͷςετͬͯͲ͏΍Δͷ

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Java Cardͷςετ - ιʔείʔυ͔ΒόΠτίʔυʹ  ίϯύΠϧ͢Δ෦෼͸ී௨ͷJDK - ී௨ʹJavaΛॻ͍ͯςετΛ͢Ε͹ྑ͍

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Java Cardͷςετ - ADPUΛ࣮ࡍʹྲྀ͠ࠐΉςετ΋Ͱ͖Δ - offlineςετͱݺΜͰ͍·͢ʢҰൠతʁʣ - ΧʔυϦʔμʹͭͳ͍Ͱম͍ͯAPDUΛྲྀ͠ࠐΉ - responseͷAPDUΛςετ͢Δײ͡

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Java Cardͷςετ - Production ReadyͳCardͷAPDUΛԣऔΓͯ͠  σόοά͢Δࣄ΋Ͱ͖Δ - ͋·ͭ͑͞ແઢ͕ਧ͚Δ΋ͷ΋͋Δ - NomadLAB Contact Spyͱ͔Λ࢖͏ - ΊͬͪΌߴ͍Ͱ͢