PERSONALITY ANALYSIS USING HUMAN FIGURE DRAWING TEST (HFD)

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FORCES INSTITUTE OF BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES & ADVANCED RESEARCH (FIBSAR) KP ABBOTTABAD Pakistan CONTACT : Mobile: 0333 5950 315 & 0311 0376122 PERSONALITY ANALYSIS USING HUMAN FIGURE DRAWING TEST (HFD) Dr Tahir Pervez

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2 ➢Aim of this lecture is to discuss HFD- as a technique for the assessment of Personality ➢With a brief review of Test , Types of Psychological Tests & Techniques AIM

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Test is an instrument to measure the sample of individual’s behavior understudy Test ?

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Psychological Tests ?? 4

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➢ A psychological test is a standardized measure of a sample of a person’s behavior ➢ used to measure: ❖ The individual differences that exist among the people ❖The personality traits of an individual ❖The various features of the personality to make some decisions about the individual

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➢To be Objective ➢ To be reliable & Valid ➢To be Standardized ➢Must be used & analyzed by experts

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Psychological tests ➢ Reveals signs / indicators of reasonably stable traits that determine individual’s behaviour which define their personality type; such as : ❑ Adjusted, Maladjusted, Depressive - Optimistic ❑ Introversion- Extroversion, ❑Obsessive -Compulsive ❑Anxious & Impulsive ❑Hostility/ vindictive & ….etc ❑Honest – Dishonest ❑Sadist – Nurturance 7

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Psychological tests- USE ➢ All Psych Tests, especially projective techniques can be used personnel selection or placement for specific appointments; Conditioned to administer properly and analyzed with required professional maturity For example ❑ Selection of Army personnel is heavily based upon the projective techniques 8

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Psychological tests- USE ➢ For example ❖ 2nd best use of these tests is by health professionals i.e., by clinical psychologist all over the world ❖In Pakistan various Institutes of clinical Psychology are providing advance training to their students ❖However, some times the use of these testing techniques and analysis is not made as per defined standards and procedures 9

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Types ? 10

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Psychological Tests Psychologic al Testing Projective Non Projective

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Psychological Tests • stimulus are ambiguous • Why Projective Test

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Projective Hypothesis • All the projective techniques has been designed on the philosophy of Projection: ❖In response to ambiguous or vague stimulus Individual reflects his/ her unfulfilled needs, emotions, experiences, hidden manifestations. his deep-rooted pattern of conscious and unconscious needs, fears, desires, impulses, conflicts, regrets – all which he/she wants to hide 13

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PROJECTIVE TESTS- Rationale ➢ The more unstructured is the stimuli, the more examinee reveals about his personality. ➢ Every minor response provides meaning for personality analysis ➢ reveals his/her “unconscious trauma ”…. ➢ Individual remains unaware of what he /she has disclosed 14

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PROJECTIVE TESTS- Rationale ➢ By Virtue of Characteristics of Projective Tests Individual fail to hide his her real self …. ➢ PROJECTIVE TESTS are capable to reveal indicators of individuals personality ➢ To draw the Inferences /conclusions are heavily depend on the maturity and professional expertises of Clinical Psychologist or user the Psychologists 15

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HFD History ➢ This test was originally Developed by Florence Goodenough in 1926 ❖She used it to Supplement the Stanford- Binet Intelligence test with a nonverbal Measure ➢ In 1949, KAREN MACHOVER Developed It As Draw- A Person Test (DAP) & used it AS A PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT 16

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HFD- Research • It is consistently been rated as among the 10 most frequently used assessment techniques (Lubin, Larson, & Matarazzo, 1984; Watkins, Campbell, 1995) ➢ Drawings reveal; unconscious of the individuals , level of mental health, hidden trait of personality ➢ which otherwise remain hidden on other tests 17

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• It is consistently been rated as among the 10 most frequently used assessment techniques (Lubin, Larson, & Matarazzo, 1984; Watkins, Campbell, 1995) ➢ It is not easy for the subjects to create a desired impression (Lindzey, 1961). ➢ Or Faking Good : ❖(A person or thing that appears or is presented as being genuine but is not) 18 HFD- Research

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HFD • APPLICATION ➢ An Individual is provided 2 A-4 blank sheets and lead pencil ➢ Asked to draw a person male or female on single sheet, in any way that he or she wishes ➢ Then individual is instructed to draw 2nd drawing of opposite sex than the 1st one ➢ No time limit for the test 19

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HFD INTERPRETATION (Machover) 20

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Interpretation ➢ For Interpretation, tactful inquiry after completion of HFD is very important ➢ Rather psychologist should add one or two other projective techniques for more valid and conclusive analysis 21

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HFD ➢Rationale for Analysis ❖Drawing by well adjusted individuals are ‘prominently similar’ ❖Drawings made by the emotionally disturbed individuals are ‘strikingly different’ from the well adjusted individuals (Dileo, 1973) 22

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HFD – Interpretation Normal succession in drawing with balance Absence of thought disorder; adequate reality contact, Adaptability Large shoulders hands / teeth / claw finger/ long arms/ fist / teeth Un healthy aggression short arms shyness. feminine features—such as long eyelashes / thin waste darkly coloured sex-role confusion Poor integration of parts Emotional Disturbances/ psychosis 23

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➢Interpretation ➢Head: ➢ The head is the centre for intellectual power, social balance, and control over impulses. ➢ disproportionate head suggests ❖ that the subject is having difficulty in one mental functioning ❖Also indicators of; brain damage, severe headaches, or other sensitivity of the head. 24 HFD

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• Large Head: • Fantasies , paranoid, narcissistic, intellectually righteous, ; anything having to do with a inflated ego • Small head- feelings of weakness and intellectual Inferiority • Long hair- ambivalent sexual fantasies • Tiny eyes- strong visual curiosity 25 HFD

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• Neck: ➢ The neck often represent the connection between the head and the body ➢ An underemphasise may represent one’s disharmony between mind and body ➢ Suggest schizophrenia ➢ feelings of Physical inadequacy ➢ No neck indicate rigidity , poor control over impulses 26 HFD

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Interpretation ➢ Large ears- hypersensitivity to criticisms / suspicious ➢ Triangle nose- immaturity ➢ Pointed nose- possible acting out tendencies ➢ Tiny mouth- denial of oral dependent needs ➢ Hands behind the back- possibly guilt feelings for manual activity 27

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Tiny feet- insecurity High heel shoes- possible homosexual tendencies Stick figure- possible depression Opposite sex drawn first- conflict with sexual Identification ❑Large figure –overambitious , grandiousity 28 Interpretation

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Few important indications on HFD ➢ Drawing at the right, ➢ unclothed body, hand near the genitals, ➢ hand hidden in a pocket, ➢ large nose and moustache ➢ Legs tightly closed /joined ➢ Signs of guilt , to be abused sexual/ trauma Or involvement unhealthy activities ❑ Overambitious 29

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Signs of Lust for bodly Needs & poor control over sexual Impulse ➢Reinforcement, ➢ Long nose, ➢ Large head, ➢ Legs wide apart, ➢ Too much hair, ➢ Waist line emphasis, ➢ Slash mouth, ➢ Long feet, 30

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Few sample Drawings of Pakistani Culture – • Drawings of non clinical, normal Students • Drawings indicates that individuals who are apparently normal may possess unhealthy depositions 31

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32 ➢Unhealthy Aggression ➢Rigid ➢Low insight ➢Deprivations ➢Immature ➢Behavioral issues ➢Socially vindictive & Sadist ➢

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33 ➢Unhealthy Agg ➢Sadistic attitude ➢Suspicious ➢Inconsistent ➢Lacks confidence ➢Socially vindictive & Sadist ➢Disturbed social relations ➢Dominated animal instincts i.e. poor control over his biological impulses ➢ lacks nurturance

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34 Withdrawal from reality schizoid Deep rooted deprivation Feeling of decline, (associated with masturbatory guilt)

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36 Check your Assessment using manual

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Scope • It measure reliably ❖Psyh adjustment (Maloney & Glasser, 1982; McNeish & Naglieri, 1993) ❖Cognitive maturity (Chappell & Steitz, 1993) impulsiveness (Oas, 1984) ❖the presence of organic impairment (McLachlan & Head, 1974) 37

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38 ➢ Easy to administer ➢ No strict formats ➢ Relatively culture free ➢ Can assess people with Communication problems ADVANTAGES

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DISADVANTAGES ➢Restricted amount of hypothesis can be developed. ➢Relatively nonverbal but, may have some problems during post test inquiry 39

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FORCES INSTITUTE OF BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES & ADVANCED RESEARCH (FIBSAR) KP ABBOTTABAD Pakistan CONTACT : Mobile: 0333 5950 315 & 0311 0376122 Dr Tahir Pervez

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References • Machover, K. (1949). Personality projection: in the drawing of a human figure. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas Publisher. • Plubrukarn, R, Theeramanoparp, S. (2003). Human figure drawing test: validity in assessing intelligence in children aged 3-10 years. J Med Assoc Thailand. 86 Suppl 3:S610-7. 41

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