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Fast, testable and SANE APIs Ben Lovell

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✈️

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✈️

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✈️

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_benlovell t

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benlovell

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113581334398839860922

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“I HAVE KILLED, AND I WILL KILL AGAIN”

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Building JSON APIs awesome!

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Rails-API

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JSON API BIKESHEDDING

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ActiveModel::Serializers because #to_json kinda sucks

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HTTP it’s all about the semantics

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/etc too meta to categorise

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Components of good API design

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FAST STANDARDISED INTUITIVE

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FAST STANDARDISED INTUITIVE

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FAST STANDARDISED INTUITIVE

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JSON API

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application/vnd.api+json IANA registered

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W IP! http://git.io/Uh8Y8w

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{ "links": { "posts.author": { "href": "http://example.com/people/{posts.author}", "type": "people" }, "posts.comments": { "href": "http://example.com/comments/{posts.comments}", "type": "comments" } }, "posts": [{ "id": "1", "title": "Rails is Omakase", "links": { "author": "9", "comments": [ "5", "12", "17", "20" ] } }] }

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{ "posts": [{ "id": "1", "title": "Rails is Omakase", "links": { "author": "9", "comments": [ "5", "12", "17", "20" ] } }] }

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{ "posts": [{ "id": 1 // a post document }] } { }, { }] } Singular Resource Resource Collection

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{ }] } { "posts": [{ "id": 1 // a post document }, { "id": 2 // a post document }] } Singular Resource Resource Collection

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{ "posts": [{ "id": "1", "title": "Rails is Omakase", "links": { "comments": [ "5", "12", "17", "20" ] } }] } To-Many Relationships

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{ "posts": [{ "id": "1", "title": "Rails is Omakase", "links": { "comments": { "href": "http://example.com/comments/5,12,17", "ids": [ "5", "12", “17" ], "type": "comments" } } }] } To-Many Relationships (link style)

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{ "links": { "posts.comments": "http://example.com/posts/{posts.id}/comments" }, "posts": [{ "id": "1", "title": "Rails is Omakase" }, { "id": "2", "title": "The Parley Letter" }] } Shorthand (link style) RFC6570 URI Template

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/etc I did warn you

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COMPOUND DOCUMENTS the fastest HTTP is no HTTP

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GET /posts/1?include=comments GET /posts/1?include=comments.author GET /posts/1?include=author,comments

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{ "links": { "posts.author": { "href": "http://example.com/people/{posts.author}", "type": "people" }, "posts.comments": { "href": "http://example.com/comments/{posts.comments}", "type": "comments" } }, "posts": [{ "id": "1", "title": "Rails is Omakase", "links": { "author": "9", "comments": [ “1" ] }}], "linked": { "authors": [{ "id": "9", "name": "@dhh" }], "comments": [{ "id": "1", "body": "Mmmmmakase" }] } }

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SPARSE FIELDSETS

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GET /posts/1?fields=id,title,body

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HTTP SEMANTICS

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wat

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RAILS-API

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❤️

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Ruby is not as slow as you might think…

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Ruby is not as slow as you might think… …IT’S SLOWER

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So, how do we make Ruby fast?

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By running less Ruby. DERP! So, how do we make Ruby fast?

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So, how do we make Rails fast?

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So, how do we make Rails fast? By running less Rails. DERP!

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YO DAWG! I heard you like rails so I took some rails out of your rails so you could rails (a little bit faster than usual)

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http://goo.gl/qfJG2d

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use Rack::Sendfile use ActionDispatch::Static use Rack::Lock use # use Rack::Runtime use Rack::MethodOverride use ActionDispatch::RequestId use Rails::Rack::Logger use ActionDispatch::ShowExceptions use ActionDispatch::DebugExceptions use ActionDispatch::RemoteIp use ActionDispatch::Reloader use ActionDispatch::Callbacks use ActiveRecord::Migration::CheckPending use ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionManagement use ActiveRecord::QueryCache use ActionDispatch::Cookies use ActionDispatch::Session::CookieStore use ActionDispatch::Flash use ActionDispatch::ParamsParser use Rack::Head use Rack::ConditionalGet use Rack::ETag run KitchenSinkFullOfKitchenSinks::Application.routes

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use Rack::Sendfile use ActionDispatch::Static use Rack::Lock use # use Rack::Runtime use Rack::MethodOverride use ActionDispatch::RequestId use Rails::Rack::Logger use ActionDispatch::ShowExceptions use ActionDispatch::DebugExceptions use ActionDispatch::RemoteIp use ActionDispatch::Reloader use ActionDispatch::Callbacks use ActiveRecord::Migration::CheckPending use ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionManagement use ActiveRecord::QueryCache use ActionDispatch::Cookies use ActionDispatch::Session::CookieStore use ActionDispatch::Flash use ActionDispatch::ParamsParser use Rack::Head use Rack::ConditionalGet use Rack::ETag run KitchenSink::Application.routes

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require “rails/all”

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require “rails/all”

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irb(main):003:0> pp ActionController::API.ancestors - ActionController::Metal.ancestors [ ActionController::API, ActiveRecord::Railties::ControllerRuntime, ActionDispatch::Routing::RouteSet::MountedHelpers, ActionController::StrongParameters, ActionController::Instrumentation, ActionController::Rescue, ActiveSupport::Rescuable, ActionController::DataStreaming, ActionController::ForceSSL, AbstractController::Callbacks, ActiveSupport::Callbacks, ActionController::ConditionalGet, ActionController::Head, ActionController::Renderers::All, ActionController::Renderers, ActionController::Rendering, AbstractController::Rendering, AbstractController::ViewPaths, ActionController::Redirecting, ActionController::RackDelegation, ActiveSupport::Benchmarkable, AbstractController::Logger, ActionController::UrlFor, AbstractController::UrlFor, ActionDispatch::Routing::UrlFor, ActionDispatch::Routing::PolymorphicRoutes, ActionController::ModelNaming, ActionController::HideActions ]

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Y U NO Sinatra!!!

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Y U NO Sinatra!!! “Any sufficiently advanced sinatra application is indistinguishable from rails”

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don’t reinvent this

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ActiveModel Serializers

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Jbuilder.encode do |json| json.content format_content(@message.content) json.(@message, :created_at, :updated_at) json.author do json.name @message.creator.name.familiar json.email_address @message.creator.email_address_with_name json.url url_for(@message.creator, format: :json) end if current_user.admin? json.visitors calculate_visitors(@message) end json.comments @message.comments, :content, :created_at json.attachments @message.attachments do |attachment| json.filename attachment.filename json.url url_for(attachment) end end

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DHH CHANGES NAME TO BASECAMP

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Jbuilder json json json json json json end if json end json json json json end end

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% rails g serializer …

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class PostSerializer < ActiveModel::Serializer attributes :id, :title, :body has_many :comments end

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class PostSerializer < ActiveModel::Serializer attributes :id, :title, :body, :synopsis has_many :comments def comments object.comments.where(:author => scope) end def synopsis object.body.truncate(30) end end

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class PostsController < ApplicationController def show @post = Post.find(params[:id]) respond_with @post end end

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CONVENTION!

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VIEWS

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class PostSerializer < ActiveModel::Serializer attributes :id, :title, :body has_many :comments has_many :tags has_many :images belongs_to :author end WARNING!

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class attributes has_many has_many has_many belongs_to end CONGRATULATIONS!!! YOU SERIALIZED YOUR DATABASE

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CONDITIONAL REQUESTS

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$ curl -i https://api.example.com/user HTTP/1.1 200 OK Cache-Control: private, max-age=60 ETag: "644b5b0155e6404a9cc4bd9d8b1ae730" Last-Modified: Thu, 02 Feb 2014 15:31:30 GMT Status: 200 OK

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$ curl -i https://api.example.com/user -H ‘If-None-Match: ”{Etag}”’ HTTP/1.1 304 Not Modified Cache-Control: private, max-age=60 ETag: "644b5b0155e6404a9cc4bd9d8b1ae730" Last-Modified: Thu, 02 Feb 2014 15:31:30 GMT Status: 304 Not Modified

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class PostsController < ApplicationController def show @post = Post.find(params[:id]) if stale? @post respond_with @post end end end

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class PostsController < ApplicationController def show @post = Post.find(params[:id]) if stale? @post respond_with @post end end end etag: Model#cache_key last_modified: Model#updated_at

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class PostSerializer < ActiveModel::Serializer cached delegate :cache_key, :to => :object end

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ActiveModel Serializers CACHE

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GATEWAY CACHING

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TESTABLE?

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rack-test

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JSON-API RAILS-API AMS = ❤️

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JSON-API RAILS-API AMS =

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THE REST…?

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THANKS! @benlovell