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Extend your own programming language [email protected] Cookpad, Thank you for paying the travel expenses

Extend your own programming language [email protected] 3VCZY͸͍͢͝ਓ͕ͨͪ͘͢͝଎ͯ͘͘͠ΕΔͷͰࢲ͸;ͭ͏ͷ ਓ͕଎͘ͳΔΑ͏ͳ࿩͕Ͱ͖Δͱ͍͍ͳͱࢥ͍·ͨ͠ɻࠓ೔͸;ͭ ͏ͷਓ޲͚ͩΑɻ

;ͭ͏ͷࢲΛՃ଎͢ΔͨΊʹɺࠓ೔͸ϑολʔʹ೔ຊޠͰΧϯϖΛ ॻ͍͓ͯ͘ελΠϧͰ΍Γ·͢ɻʢདྷ೥͸ӳ༁εϙϯαʔ୳͠·͢ʣ Extend your own programming language [email protected]

Extend your own programming language [email protected] UP3VCZͷษڧձͰ.JO3VCZͱ͍͏খ͞ͳ3VCZΛ࡞ΔຊΛಡΜͰ͍·͢ɻ .JO3VCZ͸ඇৗʹখ͘͞վ଄͕؆୯Ͱ͢ɻࠓ೔͸.JO3VCZΛվ଄ͯࣗ͠ ෼༻ͷݴޠΛ࡞Γ·͢ɻ3VCZͰ͸࣮ݱ͕೉͔ͬͨ͠ػೳɺ࣮ߦίϯςΩ ετͷӬଓԽ΍ϓϩηεؒͷҠಈͳͲΛ࣮૷͢ΔΑʂ

Agenda About Me MinRuby Binary Operator, Builtin Function ⭐ Tail Call Optimization ⭐⭐ Linda eval / Process Migration ⭐⭐⭐ ࢲʹ͍ͭͯ࿩ͨ͋͠ͱɺ.JO3VCZΛ਺ஈ֊ʹ෼͚ͯվ଄͠·͢ɻ࠷ ऴతʹɺҾ਺ΛධՁ͠ͳ͍ؔ਺ݺͼग़͠ʢʁʣͱϓϩηεͷҠૹΛ ࣮૷ͯ͠ɺ-JOEBͷFWBMΛ࡞Γ·͢ɻ⭐ ͸೉͠͞

About Me @m_seki Ruby committer ERB, dRuby, Rinda 3VCZίϛολʔͷ֏Ͱ͢ɻஶ࡞͕͍͔ͭ͋͘Γ·͢ɻ

First printing from 2005 (Still available) dRuby ʹΑΔ ؔকढ़ஶ ෼ࢄ ɾ Web ϓϩάϥϛϯά ೥ͷॳ࡮Γ͕·ͩങ͑·͢ʂʂ101ॻ͍͔ͨΒݟͯʂ

Become out of print in 2014 ೥ʹӳޠ൛ϦϦʔεɻ͔͠͠೥ʹઈ൛ͨ͠ɻ

2017 re-published on the web ڈ೥8FC൛ॻ੶Λ࡞Γ·ͨ͠ɻ͔͍͍ͬ͜

Ruby Committer ERB, dRuby, Rinda 3VCZίϛολͰ͢ɻ&3# E3VCZ 3JOEB͕कඋൣғɻ͜ΕΒ͸ ׬੒ͨ͠਺গͳ͍ϓϩδΣΫτͰ͢ɻ࠷ۙͷίϛοτ͸LLVCVO ͞ΜΛίϛολʹίϛοτͨ͜͠ͱͱɺE3VCZͷ%PDLFSରԠͰ ͢ɻ

Cancelled Projects Agent Ruby, Persistent Ruby dRuby for mruby Bartender ͦΕ͔Βɺ์غ͞ΕͨେྔͷϓϩδΣΫτɻ ࠷ॳͷೋͭ͸࣮ߦίϯςΩετΛγϦΞϥΠζͰ͖ͳͯ͘಴ ࠳ɻޙऀ͸NSVCZͷϏϧυ͕ΊΜͲͯ͘͘͞๞͖ͯ͠·ͬͨɻ ࡢ೥ͷ3VCZ,BJHJͰ࿩ͨ͠'JCFSͱ#BSUFOEFS͸ͦͷ໊࢒ɻ

toRuby (Tochigi Ruby meetup) Ruby 1st Wednesday at 18:30 (June 6th) Nishinasuno, Tochigi ͱͪ͗3VCZͷษڧձͰ͸࣍ͷຊΛษڧ͍ͯ͠·͢

Learning Ruby by Making Ruby by @mametter ԕ౻͞Μͷ3VCZͰͭ͘Δ3VCZɻϥϜμϊʔτͰങ͑·͢ʂ 3VCZΛ࡞Γͳ͕Β3VCZΛֶͿɺͪΐͬͱมΘͬͨೖ໳ॻɻ ͜ͷຊͷதͰ࡞Δͷ͕.JO3VCZͰ͢ɻి୎ͷ࣮૷͔Β͸͡Ίͯ෼ ذ΍ม਺ɺؔ਺ͳͲΛ࡞Γͳ͕ΒΠϯλϓϦλΛ׬੒ͤ͞·͢

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MinRuby A small language that extracts particularly important language functions in Ruby ʮ3VCZͷதͰಛʹॏཁͳݴޠػೳ͚ͩΛநग़ͨ͠খ͞ͳݴޠʯ ҉هͰ͖Δ͘Β͍খ͍͚͞Ͳɺࣗ෼ࣗ਎Λॻ͚Δ͘Β͍ʹେ ͖͍ɻ͔͍͍ͬ͜ɻ (Ruby Ruby p.iii)

bootstrap CPPUTUSBQͱ͸ݴޠ9ͷॲཧܥΛݴޠ9Ͱॻ͍ͯಈ͔͢͜ͱɻ 3VCZ͕.JO3VCZΛಈ͔͠.JO3VCZ͕.JO3VCZΛಈ͔͠ QSPHSCΛ࣮ߦ͢Δ༷ࢠɻ!IJSFLPLFͷΠϥετ͕͔Θ͍͍ɻ % ruby prog.rb % ruby interp.rb prog.rb % ruby interp.rb interp.rb prog.rb http://ascii.jp/elem/000/001/419/1419659/

Implementation Use ripper for parsing Convert ripper's output into MinRuby AST evaluate() function evaluates it ࣮૷ͷಛ௃ɻߏจղੳ͸3JQQFSʹ೚͍ͤͯΔɻ3JQQFSͷग़ྗ Λ؆ུԽͯ͠.JO3VCZͷ"CTUSBDU4ZOUBY5SFFʹม׵͢Δɻ "45Λ௚઀ධՁ͢ΔFWBMVBUF ؔ਺͕ΠϯλϓϦλͷਖ਼ମɻ 5SFF8BMLJOH*OUFSQSFUFS

Language Specification The spec is written in source code ࣮૷Λݟͳ͕Β.JO3VCZͷݴޠ࢓༷Λௐ΂ͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ɻ

interp.rb ΠϯλϓϦλ͸ߦɻΘΓͱখͿΓɻFWBMVBUF ͸ࠓ͸৞Μ Ͱ·͢ɻ

CVJMUJOͷؔ਺͸SFRVJSFͱQɻଞʹNJOSVCZͷͨΊͷVUJMJUZ͕͋Δɻ"3(7 ͷϑΝΠϧΛಡΉNJOSVCZ@MPBE ɺ"45Λ࡞ΔNJOSVCZ@QBSTF ɺؔ਺ ݺͼग़͠Λ͢ΔNJOSVCZ@DBMM ͳͲͰ͢ɻ require builtin p, require minruby_parse, minruby_load, minruby_call

func def func call ؔ਺΋࢖͑·͢ʂ

variable assign ref ม਺·Ͱ͋Δʂ

Hash literal Array literal String literal )BTI "SSBZ 4USJOHͷϦςϥϧ͕͋Δɻσʔλߏ଄Ά͍΋ͷΛ࡞Δ ͷʹΪϦΪϦ͘Β͍ͷදݱྗ͕͋Γͦ͏ɻ

FWBMVBUF ͕ΠϯλϓϦλͷຊମͰ͢ɻݟ·͢ɻ

case FWBMVBUF͸େ͖ͳDBTFXIFOͰͰ͖͍ͯ·͢ɻͦ͏͍͏Θ͚Ͱɺ DBTF͕࢖͑ΔΑʂ

CJOBSZ + - * / % < <= == != >= > binary operator ೋ߲ԋࢉࢠɻ࢛ଇԋࢉ͸Ͱ͖Δ͚Ͳɺ࿦ཧ࿨ɺ࿦ཧੵ͕ͳ͍ͳʔɻ

while if ... else JGFMTFͱXIJMF΋͋Γ·ͨ͠ɻ

builtin p, minruby_parse, minruby_load, minruby_call function def / call variable assgin / ref Literal Integer / String Hash / Array if ... else case while Array / Hash assign /ref binary operator ΠϯλϓϦλʹඞཁͳ΋ͷɺগͳ͍ʂDMBTT΋ϝιουݺͼग़͠΋ͳ ͍ɻେৎ෉͔ʂʁ

Language Specification if, while Integer, String Hash, Array variable no classes, no method calls .JO3VCZࣗ਎Λ࡞Δͷʹඞཁͳ࠷খݶͷػೳʹ࢛ଇԋࢉͳͲ Λ௥Ճͨ͠΋ͷ͕.JO3VCZͷݴޠ࢓༷Ͱ͢ɻDMBTT΍ϝιου ίʔϧͳͲ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻʮ3VCZͷதͰಛʹॏཁͳݴޠػೳ ͚ͩΛநग़ͨ͠খ͞ͳݴޠʯͷখ͍͢͞͞͝ʂ

Why you use MinRuby? calculator? DSL? Extend MinRuby!! .JO3VCZͷ࢖͍ΈͪΛߟ͑ͯΈ·ͨ͠ɻ

for DSL Make library to read settings. Unsupported features do not work. 3VCZͷ͕ࣜॻ͚ΔઃఆϑΝΠϧͷϥΠϒϥϦʹ࢖͏ͷ͸Ͳ͏ ͔ɻ$3VCZͷػೳΛͦͷ··࢒ͨ͠%4-ͩͱةݥͳૢ࡞Λࢭ ΊΔͷ͕໘౗͚ͩͲɺ.JO3VCZͳΒ͜͏͍ͬͨૢ࡞͸ػೳ͠ ͳ͍ɻ҆৺ʂ dpi = 400 { "width" => dpi * 10, "height" => dpi * 20, # "bang!" => system("rm *") }

for DSL MinRuby ͍ͨͣΒ͠Α͏ͱͯ͠΋༻ҙ͞Εͯͳ͍ػೳ͸ΤϥʔʹͳΔʂ ҆৺ʂʢΤϥʔ͸ͪΐͬͱෆ਌੾͚ͩͲؾʹ͠ͳ͍ʣ dpi = 400 { "width" => dpi * 10, "height" => dpi * 20, "bang!" => system("rm *") } % ruby interp.rb prog.rb Traceback (most recent call last): 3: from interp.rb:118:in `' 2: from interp.rb:33:in `evaluate' 1: from interp.rb:95:in `evaluate' interp.rb:61:in `evaluate': undefined method `[]' for nil:NilClass (NoMethodError)

Extend MinRuby Binary Operator, Builtin Function ⭐ Tail Call Optimization ⭐⭐ Linda eval / Process Migration ⭐⭐⭐

builtin function ⭐ bultin function p() require() case study: add car(), cdr() εΫϦϓτͰ࢖͑ΔCVJMUJOؔ਺͸Q ͘Β͍ɻ"SSBZ͸͋Δ͚ Ͳ"SSBZͷϝιου͸ݺ΂·ͤΜɻ"SSBZͷૢ࡞ɺཉ͍͠Ͱ͢ ΑͶɻ-*41ʹ฿ͬͯDBSͱDESΛ.JO3VCZʹ௥Ճ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ

require MinRuby require is implemented by CRuby require require "minruby" require "your_library" def evaluate(tree, genv, lenv) case tree[0] ...

your_library.rb SFRVJSF͞ΕΔεΫϦϓτ͸3VCZ͕ॲཧ͢ΔͷͰ3VCZͰॻ͘ def car(ary) ary.first end def cdr(ary) ary.empty? ? nil : ary.drop(1) end

genv HFOWʹCVJMUJOͱͯ͠ొ࿥͢Δ genv = { "p" => ["builtin", "p"], "require" => ["builtin", "require"], "minruby_parse" => ["builtin", "minruby_parse"], "minruby_load" => ["builtin", "minruby_load"], "minruby_call" => ["builtin", "minruby_call"], "car" => ["builtin", "car"], "cdr" => ["builtin", "cdr"] }

It might work! and it does ͏͖ͦ͝͏Ͱ͠ΐʁ ͏͘͝ΜͩΑʔɻ

binary operator ⭐ case study: add "||" "&&" ࠷ॳͷ࿅श͸ԋࢉࢠͷఆٛͰ͢ɻ࿦ཧ࿨ɺ࿦ཧੵΛఆٛ͠· ͢ɻࣗ෼ͰԋࢉࢠΛ૿΍ͨ͠ΓఆٛΛม͑ͨΓͰ͖ͨΒؾ෼ ͕͍͍ɻ$3VCZͰԋࢉࢠΛ૿΍͢ͷ͸ࠔ೉͚ͩͲ.JO3VCZͳ Β΍Γ์୊ɻສೳײ͕ಘΒΕ·͢ɻ

binary operator copy & paste Λਅࣅͯ͠࿦ཧ࿨ɺ࿦ཧੵΛ௥Ճͯ͠Έ·͢ɻFWBMVBUF ͷXIFO۟Λ௥Ճ͢Ε͹0,ɻ3VCZʹଘࡏ͢Δԋࢉࢠ͸SJQQFS ͕ରԠࡁΈ͔ͩΒ؆୯ʹͰ͖·͢ɻ 3VCZʹͳ͍ͱ͖͸ΊΜͲͦ͘͞͏ɻ case tree[0] ... when "+" evaluate(tree[1], genv, lenv) + evaluate(tree[2], genv, lenv) ... when "||" evaluate(tree[1], genv, lenv) || evaluate(tree[2], genv, lenv) when "&&" evaluate(tree[1], genv, lenv) && evaluate(tree[2], genv, lenv)

if ⭐ if ... else ... end - works! if ... end - does not woke.

if ⭐ վ଄͍ͯͯ͠ؾ͍͚ͮͨͲɺFMTF۟ͷͳ͍JGจ͸Τϥʔʹͳͬ ͯ͠·͍·͢ɻͦ͏͍͏ͷɺΠϯλϓϦλͷ࣮૷ʹ͸ඞཁͳ ͔ͬͨͷ͔ͶɻͰ΋ࣗ෼͸࢖͍͍ͨͷͰ௚͍ͨ͠ɻ if false p "not reached" end p "done" % ruby interp.rb prog.rb Traceback (most recent call last): 3: from interp.rb:118:in `' 2: from interp.rb:33:in `evaluate' 1: from interp.rb:45:in `evaluate' interp.rb:4:in `evaluate': undefined method `[]' for nil:NilClass (NoMethodError)

fixed tree[1] - condition evaluate(tree[2]) if true evaluate(tree[3]) if false JGͷߏจ໦͸USFF<>͕৚݅ɺUSFF<>͕৚͕݅ਅͷ৔߹ʹධՁ ͢ΔࢬɺUSFF<>͕৚ِ͕݅ͷͱ͖ʹධՁ͢ΔࢬͰ͢ɻFMTF۟ ͕ͳ͍৔߹USFF<>͸OJMͳͷͰɺͦͷ৔߹͸USFF<>ΛධՁ͠ ͳ͍Α͏ʹ͠·ͨ͠ɻ when "if" if evaluate(tree[1], genv, lenv) evaluate(tree[2], genv, lenv) else evaluate(tree[3], genv, lenv) end when "if" if evaluate(tree[1], genv, lenv) evaluate(tree[2], genv, lenv) elsif tree[3] evaluate(tree[3], genv, lenv) end

syntax sugar elsif case ... when FWBMVUBUF ͷXIFOΛݟͯΈΔͱɺFMTJG΍DBTF͕ͳ͍͜ͱ ʹؾ͖ͮ·͢ɻNJOSVCZ@QBSTF ͸SJQQFSͷग़ྗΛ.JO3VCZ ͷ"45ʹม׵͢ΔࡍʹɺFMTJG΍DBTΛෳ਺ͷJGͷ૊Έ߹Θͤʹ ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ when "if" if evaluate(tree[1], genv, lenv) evaluate(tree[2], genv, lenv) elsif tree[3] evaluate(tree[3], genv, lenv) end

syntax sugar ͜ͷೋͭͷεΫϦϓτ͸FMTJGΛ࢖͏έʔεͱ࢖Θͳ͍έʔεͰ ͕͢ɺͲͪΒͷ৔߹΋ಉ͡"45ʹม׵͞Ε·͢ɻ if a == 0 "IF" elsif a == 1 "ELSIF" else "ELSE" end if a == 0 "IF" else if a == 1 "ELSIF" else "ELSE" end end ["if", ["==", ["var_ref", "a"], ["lit", 0]], ["lit", "IF"], ["if", ["==", ["var_ref", "a"], ["lit", 1]], ["lit", "ELSIF"], ["lit", "ELSE"]]]

another solution JGFOE΁ͷผͷղܾࡦ͕͋Γ·͢ɻઌ΄Ͳ࿦ཧੵʢʣΛ ࣮૷ͨ͠ͷͰɺDBTF USFF USFF<>ͱ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺͳʹ΋ ͳ͍໦Λॲཧ͠ͳ͍࡞ઓ΋͋Γ·͢ɻ def evaluate(tree, genv, lenv) case tree && tree[0] when "lit" ...

tail call optimization ⭐⭐ a classic problem ఆ൪ͷ຤ඌݺͼग़͠࠷దԽͷ࿩Λ͠·͢ɻؔ਺ͷ࠷ޙ͕ؔ਺ ݺͼग़͠ͷ৔߹ɺͦΕΛδϟϯϓʹม׵͢Δ͜ͱͰελοΫ ͷྦྷੵΛ཈੍ͯ͠ޮ཰Α͘ॲཧ͢Δ΍ͭͰ͢ɻ

tail call optimization ⭐⭐ fact.rb ͜Ε͸֊৐Λ࠶ؼͰ࣮૷ͨ͠εΫϦϓτͰ͢ɻճͷ࠶ؼ ݺͼग़͠ʹͳΔͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ͜ΕΛॲཧܥ಺෦Ͱϧʔϓʹม׵ Ͱ͖Δͱ͔͍͍ͬ͜ΜͰ͢Αʂ def fact(n, v) if n == 1 v else fact(n-1, v * (n-1)) end end p fact(5000, 1)

stack level too deep def fact(n, v) if n == 1 v else fact(n-1, v * (n-1)) end end p fact(5000, 1) % ruby interp.rb fact.rb Traceback (most recent call last): 5241: from interp.rb:118:in `' 5240: from interp.rb:33:in `evaluate' 5239: from interp.rb:57:in `evaluate' 5238: from interp.rb:71:in `evaluate' 5237: from interp.rb:45:in `evaluate' 5236: from interp.rb:71:in `evaluate' 5235: from interp.rb:45:in `evaluate' 5234: from interp.rb:71:in `evaluate' ... 5229 levels... 4: from interp.rb:71:in `evaluate' 3: from interp.rb:45:in `evaluate' 2: from interp.rb:57:in `evaluate' 1: from interp.rb:12:in `evaluate' interp.rb:10:in `evaluate': stack level too deep (SystemStackError) ΄Βಈ͔ͳ͍Ͱ͠ΐɻ

AST of fact.rb ["stmts", ["func_def", "fact", ["n", "v"], ["if", ["==", ["var_ref", "n"], ["lit", 1]], ["var_ref", "v"], ["func_call", "fact", ["-", ["var_ref", "n"], ["lit", 1]], ["*", ["var_ref", "v"], ["-", ["var_ref", "n"], ["lit", 1]]]]]], ["func_call", "p", ["func_call", "fact", ["lit", 5000], ["lit", 1]]]] def fact(n, v) if n == 1 v else fact(n-1, v * (n-1)) end end p fact(5000, 1)

AST of fact.rb ["stmts", ["func_def", "fact", ["n", "v"], ["if", ["==", ["var_ref", "n"], ["lit", 1]], ["var_ref", "v"], ["func_call", "fact", ["-", ["var_ref", "n"], ["lit", 1]], ["*", ["var_ref", "v"], ["-", ["var_ref", "n"], ["lit", 1]]]]]], ["func_call", "p", ["func_call", "fact", ["lit", 5000], ["lit", 1]]]] func_def func_call statements

"stmts" "stmts" = statements != "tmtms" evaluate all sub-tree TUNUT͸TUBUFNFOUTͷུͰෳจͰ͢ɻ.JO3VCZͰ͸શͯͷ αϒπϦʔΛॱʹධՁ͠ɺ࠷ޙͷධՁͨ͠஋Λ໭Γ஋ͱ͠· ͢ɻ

"func_def" GVOD@EFG͸ؔ਺ఆٛͰ͢ɻHFOWʢάϩʔόϧʁʣͱ͍͏ϋο γϡʹؔ਺໊ɺԾҾ਺ɺؔ਺ຊମͷ໦ΛϝϞ͠·͢ɻ when "func_def" genv[tree[1]] = ["user_defined", tree[2], tree[3]] name param body ["func_def", "fact", ["n", "v"], ["if", ["==", ["var_ref", "n"], ["lit", 1]], ["var_ref", "v"], ["func_call", "fact", ["-", ["var_ref", "n"], ["lit", 1]], ["*", ["var_ref", "v"], ["-", ["var_ref", "n"], ["lit", 1]]]]]],

when "func_call" args = [] i = 0 while tree[i + 2] args[i] = evaluate(tree[i + 2], genv, lenv) i = i + 1 end mhd = genv[tree[1]] if mhd[0] == "builtin" minruby_call(mhd[1], args) else new_lenv = {} params = mhd[1] i = 0 while params[i] new_lenv[params[i]] = args[i] i = i + 1 end evaluate(mhd[2], genv, new_lenv) end evaluate arguments prepare new_lenv evaluate body "func_call" GVOD@DBMM͸ؔ਺ݺͼग़͠Ͱ͢ɻ࣮Ҿ਺Λܭࢉ͠ɺԾҾ਺ͱ ࣮Ҿ਺Ληοτͨ͠ϋογϡOFX@MFOWΛ࡞Γ·͢ɻ࠷ޙʹؔ ਺ͷຊମΛFWBMVBUF ͠·͢ɻ

Implementation mark_tail() add "tail" handler add "(jump)" loop ຤ඌݺͼग़͠࠷దԽ͸࣍ͷࡾͭͷύʔτ͔ΒͰ͖͍ͯ·͢ɻҰͭ ͸ؔ਺ͷ຤ඌʹ͋Δؔ਺ݺͼग़͠Λ୳ͯ͠UBJMϚʔΫΛ͚ͭΔ෦ ෼ɺ΋͏Ұͭ͸UBJMʹରԠ͢Δ໦ͷॲཧɻͦͯ͠UBJMͷॲཧͷ ͱ͖ʹ࡞੒͢Δδϟϯϓ৘ใΛ࢖ͬͯδϟϯϓ͢Δ෦෼Ͱ͢ɻ

mark_tail() NBSL@UBJM ͸ؔ਺ఆٛ࣌ʹݺ͹ΕΔαϒϧʔνϯͰ͢ɻ"45 Λ୳ࡧͯ͠຤ඌͷGVOD@DBMMͷࢬΛUBJMʹॻ͖׵͑·͢ɻ when "func_def" mark_tail(tree[3], genv) genv[tree[1]] = ["user_defined", tree[2], tree[3]] ["if", ["==", ["var_ref", "n"], ["lit", 1]], ["var_ref", "v"], ["func_call" "tail", "fact", ["-", ["var_ref", "n"], ["lit", 1]], ["*", ["var_ref", "v"], ["-", ["var_ref", "n"], ["lit", 1]]]]]], set "tail"

mark_tail() ෳจͷ຤ඌͷࢬΛ୳ࡧʢϚʔΫʣɺJGͷೋͭͷࢬΛ୳ࡧɺͦ͠ ͯؔ਺ݺͼग़͠ʹग़ձͬͨΒGVOD@DBMMΛUBJMʹॻ͖׵͑· ͢ɻ def mark_tail(tree, genv) case tree && tree[0] when "stmts" mark_tail(tree[-1], genv) when "if" mark_tail(tree[2], genv) mark_tail(tree[3], genv) when "func_call" mhd = genv[tree[1]] if mhd == nil || mhd[0] == "user_defined" tree[0] = "tail" end end end tail of statements ෼ذͷೋͭͷࢬΛ୳ࡧ set "tail" two branches of if

"tail" handler UBJMͷॲཧ͸GVOD@DBMMͱΑ͘ࣅ͍ͯ·͢ɻҾ਺ͷࢬΛධՁ ͯ͠Ҿ਺ͷOFX@MFOWΛ࡞Γ·͢ɻδϟϯϓઌͷࢬͱOFX@MFOW ΛHFOW< KVNQ >ʹϝϞ͠·͢ɻʢ΋͔͢͠ΔͱMFOWͰ΋Α ͔͔ͬͨ΋ʣ when "tail" mhd = genv[tree[1]] new_lenv = {} params = mhd[1] i = 0 while params[i] new_lenv[params[i]] = evaluate(tree[i + 2], genv, lenv) i = i + 1 end genv["(jump)"] = [new_lenv, mhd[2]] true evaluate arguments remember jump destination and arguments

add "(jump)" loop KVNQ ͷϝϞ͕͋Δؒɺͦ͜ʹॻ͍ͯ͋Δδϟϯϓઌͷࢬͱ Ҿ਺ΛFBWBMVBUF ͠·͢ɻ when "func_call" mhd = genv[tree[1]] if mhd[0] == "builtin" .... else new_lenv = {} params = mhd[1] i = 0 while params[i] new_lenv[params[i]] = evaluate(tree[i + 2], genv, lenv) i = i + 1 end last = evaluate(mhd[2], genv, new_lenv) while genv["(jump)"] new_lenv = genv["(jump)"][0] jump = genv["(jump)"][1] genv["(jump)"] = nil last = evaluate(jump, genv, new_lenv) end last end (jump) loop

It might work! def fact(n, v) if n == 1 v else fact(n-1, v * (n-1)) end end p fact(5000, 1) % ruby interp.rb fact.rb

Unreadable def fact(n, v) if n == 1 v else fact(n-1, v * (n-1)) end end p fact(5000, 1) % ruby interp.rb fact.rb 845715585321108704440212840046716881078157334925329349769956480436271610541621640138179809574341277507416949331460137089175697213336762547267442178754557526255878072611692432128780895797396447974385941779242322530593664355100079848439367406293814528945757579580809509768324430453343856821938473820899131943 472705896800447680762241289640461715342209004612349789510856619523563448081610649619855618657568110972398729096582423752516497604378347955800100426425196087278489252921541022717693190217350941171667849310451178070948871976694766357976069266016917263020418183019871307640021866095931485113483861834110345610 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Is this fact(5000) ? def fact(n, v) if n == 1 v else fact(n-1, v * (n-1)) end end p fact(5000, 1) % ruby interp.rb fact.rb 845715585321108704440212840046716881078157334925329349769956480436271610541621640138179809574341277507 416949331460137089175697213336762547267442178754557526255878072611692432128780895797396447974385941779 242322530593664355100079848439367406293814528945757579580809509768324430453343856821938473820899131943 472705896800447680762241289640461715342209004612349789510856619523563448081610649619855618657568110972 398729096582423752516497604378347955800100426425196087278489252921541022717693190217350941171667849310 451178070948871976694766357976069266016917263020418183019871307640021866095931485113483861834110345610 400472150171982395270457511815804086739486247013833662423848991943112534815042924397972466177251996605 719729715157498891926230573941773420092536847296357979810909381722783226436688348297614372468896229662 418980722393093745535511235773657440538209628184912820683671951208552916323026357151803322143565088313 961766718745459991206742742400942098875312582284977210670598999284601399944409836240201638118878281350 106530009551067701798195890203102182973814008814239144672052486736264660437418575398393613313139505580 844516535683122166752851562065258405374422140549362788702257203004652381299918343794728352756872982439 418219681889029790717918207608353883913315669644143498211025505278296762344105209653930325285420189838 786665322060208721060918234029114419169428707443896493373586934751809744536266820415721807314217612753 232499499014826214154803364361171891052890342818554938460125395022692088349135893471657564523259168497 350314758345885448357566210859716490235151023769013148849655149321600477176756984792494737523014031535 451796642257264591074089805032775850255181683583489280933827062094695968929992309191084027992634714952 603480073592385839884381525790891312523534083599076322266774625647023068305162618175831767276703329594 451825888541307114285023474647614465265916243595833359384659374193847802006511149578110199614974122094 461292391969910479315224417347733028343398615115383795805350314684151729592690676893670171930981454652 643821008128579426192449010324129338936197739834244254809008041369846532483520265820455733374540610569 418905053650993235544999290413399673851821381788165274802086996743182252911644561212722788230688633543 539868707328569856588872829539231763987322776511154975419874009189507815690298068869042349121188079832 536889395323642774941410651119155866392921993324290755129870948339417124778429546445731014364980860032 372284385520904615341242285923534549408247232214440019487517294985507330299064329561698150292660142033 382626841325765125236567731673967264217521420855032146696695576829593464854160821721523682563776614230 197964270676813221304294174093749521990854947347018903107199538080734706771102105143365300635364811487 986829724784663962865158364386643797880901730027221996196767986221992711962656002099463177192624263707 602410093575285821338731200874611266863969758097997049402586601578689065736313359525760991065692772040 266960530559673892786769991350099987415629493123086877860862768475757963695605772019942177391265976695 423726244765571927306230264755862747294794858738822998057503944455999090365230976597902303853364224902 710636944419980870711899774599844070124079632022172752473079564344760475693301347249021270068846374630 676616424087609421998838455642079495105434832087780339447922611098743689672239607131792124050018187328 798720344014767226708810188658144953037819005015449351683978824449318784326232704076294724959057079464 178619066843821271405611153259440313113021535561611866907262243659123585775346005604901864245557705936

࣮ߦͯ͠ΈΔ def fact(n, v) if n == 1 v else fact(n-1, v * (n-1)) end end p fact(5000, 1) 178619066843821271405611153259440313113021535561611866907262243659123585775346005604901864245557705936 836416523556953911289960771382551574745356081918317423467942206330465356121596255218492347008240365333 748525610770551687958335218015486761496841502370238205843920678752561973507330170425738510643073575865 043765148203732274108657947471725450740357117613279702700773888079209856517640360838356147299387771605 195516797784028779494330931947021705211412468804139274131320259071468087165922946854551611261679021334 750698519319037151293879446436551560006501187790607641079395117741023086147841654844881032599417479199 536922412493258196224736025159782569605010188057833919530158790874382622758628854810271199260751284429 054588683594492375195928148478295677987083131669432313716998073546113222707666734175097800826183963352 661498083020675194614493771678493883431096591461501237011763163919057985320451253806879146626901333945 904230461337392455841895559948673148945346942817856142822567776165386754756154586208221535027278952401 221716081192039278116031522004674927738704456771602869914356251162891725860084958808131473719724015829 209180510827859900176089420769517980653096194676333881000170905447427142789804927640617337083605676635 055336128556979122011511719983437933572898308127140028994388499757841719462508551135029150412798236301 472794966204981587683451306843788553538233196306860169274175539020590830273103469350108030479412085143 492002179936880997691970955955810063265136978313114462012999452997442961600363540715403005966017758974 487775437768833666069417446479010755284465888191546438275164743347849408433446004513766271558460789377 801324932365065316981448813534049879159394434934971125996366299331223487995360964188332514927759320610 342549850238452735230675048763312434661543300259041977509712934263725204775239928669735923028816657804 122165666361782442651707365712939832015904210333920903390861228424611486013754434814310946435915154035 191935281127625458307735027397424791141084701998457211950939924372391062708264278252873353800930859993 623361101475733541331976054125945004003765691772290688737542910722608828931226738185725496553963893672 961101905937363517429719945946164665848189554170550559846609785439266629503126622385492300778438581233 561215802766902274132601368752534399771030287362532274639824206470939573512842421249798011107128045848 691662528462076726833563439816708280823435480371901213348396696286690888494382873656451308760095720781 151844834143605341293750908423253917493590797081568929308280763502299930547242247081760333980560298066 450278921665336341861427737653099954748572255578835569505362656743637518207284281763566441479616119428 406570619442886083690918366005666817411566276569946567522572365854273490323794732414474792265581889968 028308816608148810786135081534252365095194261686940622779631390731943577128045501348474800647243700189 530535043883802482774956559766852941747233624970768888025545042100144558631706192558242262320335544155 905145227600481368843770907074242683804472759368024770510577214379935451388454866647897190151141678123 754900319304368829996310952215096016108384636873896383465262861207096799581566614535273458181961545654 711708696064520134945074195570929135522363614734848734783539727516144291719582970067401185989927586738 200566889116179676108035270807474266038622586161916575224214760749601320539535685776716531474973113571 737644030286092499311991520759537370636384731612938399168143690987213844339552275085324479317289979541 842956269418255834921743260441643962869308490131462525366179158062025786721577288214460369610800746272 028432458318293984039768296580028828625601806204215666610180476871453558832354493746823007197400006302 185631400662163454831249360865954410140900913367797252603405978602290728954833713465024660752955763498 072105145211041368741232233079510265082738607735566534416454647328498412864726178537537653301879383723 366543479514959105986484812373984840727563858970736196070512662184896430538552438232518291772787354069 306960735774252266734233936452901829994110897042519503740169440051349317504807864122091806140078876504 038766204961858039369204944342596643256475989254250732719943796748850198241347376767476599307784061325 686149095118148470690548058423212182692655369499044092020819151214696310203354406375160178448989505844 062187683323177647169987863490299828791114715283168370959663404857047930902175050850929554589190460721

࣮ߦͯ͠ΈΔ def fact(n, v) if n == 1 v else fact(n-1, v * (n-1)) end end p fact(5000, 1) 062187683323177647169987863490299828791114715283168370959663404857047930902175050850929554589190460721 892833083995595894273612689831997544818352886274742357084421481144242333737384306480980160768411842385 245750881796522957816247397912734161609375257048999794881711355938913818084681060711887049281503355747 906227857397228694455144289893783792186588750953482469815585508676698824646120157535220179898312253868 077842296740434386775235646740717851634225739126900002735239794290801973286923844395353951860021110450 397826004246043561663868661760893185909104331823711878405159562245904130714725828956809892949130006230 996144113160721334761779145492928750856111638644598610178575613749074802654200548856635850710006903073 386344224176455207885619577291454613959942571299153868708008061456881163493296753316996079917928486740 366908303440570675621808226248924865806707928593302218965673769160255177402586312198450089036250920226 549972028940875514627762002638552249352233229667057871115006212036899577988756549227709303416483226335 362927823740001625690288682813479970860145544607516223227022188711229792647859501692766305860527165070 723569675117039333899944503871031907614415677230284260568900103590479521936866396585197843246447164792 780525097713711750916396743118016895720173491891418236257586456444103535018743732220026387251690446987 899659022398561675721047012825538675096261219188528926850155202294668418278257083256366344524287566125 924816298783994375056212734697753356963204685486460054316384808375373091653038723981374673785773430267 680490972221964964008965443598993317424514348858089833562389648331263120606947666635330242436105561591 916440596661223890328038826631100759325960430715361462249061171831939419947976111487100166558143689919 504707189288709579360744252689018846140507990205728916474909355522027113832424619504572304106427997491 346068255353006739273364613331104103124982265057852311727737006201698361841015361316531830552327439857 388516701209719464547898572160521281255042682015603630211247575852424078849563666878867754412791602231 618168381588640390356471480381093191980579235423552390540708102387454459444496884160880197500738822555 373186044266021250063724170290152842105961017674395972105115500607899212316885677693732275021936883134 619676158788699140026058530355914241251111703902627148059795178566951050668819717822801388898616865748 010031108665175587790160482257077517451890272801676649888942692873652296390812008229691740468145853395 481262651757269581335396532363002512235384551430582498329643404745768832715201993702201878822889355256 372014144557044629882097128792511593616442579871598524417107778442329530441700735412952982992267578707 523074783138355644475489675228240506685245016014601026946845542854666212691943606480488453900916181078 653378207238763997677688072463590564870990724979341468311896135377030642146128952155719257255704567314 489128612898192555034345313908476785883916819054506563319145069062856779259788011773078973648234227859 254713877946965871709300557378874029596767652004116417707034146432577450429044410531939229924295769680 258009015474504849210148679321636365920592038392628249997076844035390220722761123402032715487085062297 338739988261881816736440143872870223957185564986982954104374453092218399194538878304800935802347205042 060103772160674169680229620492702576527972340163609776761500407042896697481698309437428957715619149030 999010010141578857685776820055755554911962264639881248353064297372633163473548820168126873919979038576 621738249035732685118706916485178822781032938880755125331643155691873659819359509096701020947267541678 302067709279205506972803270409267768684693429871282858321713693449748489564110227518336472944595587225 942160605061868956231055475080917937980709616116618762534647187126197093128752418770742105616689214378 152006777563236039706547518997133833409406896876727006832736650532806448349038953356280856638654965703 764280688638768890950913530506839318388664265170864540141518077130479336454342600018378244101690370523 029255875435195057705957275863422425059058886647515820145818003407117527597224960562926187888783833900 258672630090570327078625737172854874592218892202471209754879726599223799511931993217498098542335370537 350671982595166418179106592819047280232120156990010755785567500294688244247555815454268293294808979675 178975350846589093798708440683339922733397953059957161591798111728100777014166274666153679533764927361

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bootstrap MinRuby can optimize MinRuby .JO3VCZͷதʹ਺Χॴɺ຤ඌݺͼग़͠࠷దԽͰ͖Δ৔ॴ͕͋ Γ·͢ɻCPPUTUSBQͷ৔߹ɺ.JO3VCZʹΑΓ.JO3VCZ͕࠷ద Խ͞Ε·͢ɻ when "if" if evaluate(tree[1], genv, lenv) evaluate(tree[2], genv, lenv) elsif tree[3] evaluate(tree[3], genv, lenv) end

⭐⭐⭐ MinRuby's context is plain Ruby objects genv, lenv, tree Marshalable Process Migration... Agent Ruby, Persistent Ruby... Linda eval... ࠷ޙͷ࿩୊ʂ.JO3VCZͷίϯςΩετ͸;ͭ͏ͷ3VCZΦϒδΣΫτ ͰγϦΞϥΠζՄೳͰ͢ɻͱ͍͏͜ͱ͸ϓϩηεͷҠૹ΍ΤʔδΣϯ τ΍ӬଓԽͰ͖ͦ͏ɻ͡Ό͋-JOEBFWBM࡞ΕΔΜ͡Όͳ͍͔ͳʔ

Rinda Rinda = Ruby Linda TupleSpace 3JOEB͸-JOEBͷ3VCZ൛Ͱ͢ɻࠓ೔͸E3VCZͱ͔3JOEB͕ग़ͳ ͍ͱࢥͬͨͰ͠ΐɻ؁͍ʂ -JOEB͸ฒྻॲཧͷކݴޠͰ͢ɻλϓϧεϖʔεͱ͍͏ڞ༗ϝ ϞϦ෩ͳ΋ͷʹର͢Δͭͷૢ࡞ͰͰ͖͍ͯ·͢ɻ

How to write Parallel Programs ೔ຊޠͰಡΊΔ-JOEBͷςΩετɻ

Linda operations out, in, rd write, take, read (in Rinda) eval not implemented (in Rinda) -JOEBͷͭͷૢ࡞ͱ͸ɺPVU JO SE FWBMͰ͢ɻ࠷ॳͷࡾͭ͸3JOEB Ͱ΋࣮૷͞Ε͍ͯͯ·͢ɻૢ࡞ͷ໊લ͸Θ͔Γ΍͘͢มߋ͠·ͨ͠ɻ ೉͍͠ͷ͸FWBMͰ͢ɻ͜Ε͸Ͳ͏ʹ΋࣮૷Ͱ͖·ͤΜͰͨ͠ɻʢͪͳ ΈʹSJOEB@FWBMͱ͍͏αϒηοτ͸͋Γ·͢ɻʣ

Linda eval eval() creates processes for each argument -JOEBͷFWBM͸ϓϩηεΛੜ੒͢ΔͨΊͷૢ࡞Ͱ͢ɻͭͷҾ ਺ͱͯ͠Ϧςϥϧɺม਺ɺҾ͖ࢉɺؔ਺ݺͼग़͠Λ༩͍͑ͯ ·͢ɻFWBMΛݺͿલʹ͜ΕΒΛܭࢉ͠·ͤΜʂʂ eval("nq", size, n - 1, nq(size, n - 1))

Linda eval eval() creates processes for each argument collect the results and write a tuple Ҿ਺ͷܭࢉͷͨΊʹ৽͍͠ϓϩηε͕ੜ੒͞Ε·͢ɻͭ·Γ৽͍͠ ϓϩηεͰҾ਺Λܭࢉ͢Δͱ͍͏͜ͱͰ͢ɻFWBMΛݺͿଆͰҾ਺Λ ධՁͯ͠͸͍͚·ͤΜɻશͯͷ݁ՌΛूΊͯɺλϓϧΛҰͭॻ͖·͢ɻ ͜ͷλϓϧΛ଴ͭ͜ͱͰϓϩηεͷऴྃΛ଴ͭ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ eval("nq", # fork { "nq" } size, # fork { size } n - 1, # fork { n - 1 } nq(size, n - 1)) # fork { nq(size, n - 1)} # fork { wait all process; # then put a tuple # write("nq", size, n - 1, nq(size, n - 1)) }

rinda_eval rinda_eval is subset of eval block and fork SJOEB@FWBM͸αϒηοτͷFWBMͰ͢ɻҾ਺ΛධՁ͠ͳ͍Ͱϝιο υΛݺͿͷ͸೉͍͠ͷͰɺϒϩοΫҾ਺Ͱදݱ͠·ͨ͠ɻͰ ΋ݩʑͷFWBMͷݟͨ໨ͱ͸૬౰ҧ͏΋ͷʹͳͬͯ͠·͍·͢ɻ ·ͨੜ੒͢Δϓϩηε΋Ұ౓ʹҰ͚ͭͩʹ੍ݶ͞Ε·͢ɻ Rinda::rinda_eval(ts) do |place| _, _, prev = place.read(['fact', x - 1, nil]) ['fact', x, prev * x] end

Linda eval / Process migration ⭐⭐⭐ "func_call" without evaluating parameters (lazy evaluation??) hard to implement in Ruby because of special behavior Process Migration Dump the context, transfer, and load it. -JOEB FWBMΛ࣮૷͢ΔͨΊʹೋͭͷ໰୊͕͋Γ·͢ɻҾ਺ΛධՁ͠ ͳ͍ಛผͳGVOD@DBMM͕ඞཁɻͰ΋͜͏͍͏ৼΔ෣͍Λ3VCZͰ࡞Δ ͷ͸ࠔ೉ͳΜͰ͢Αɻ͋ͱ͸ϓϩηεͷҠૹɻ͜Ε͸ίϯςΩετΛ γϦΞϥΠζͯ͠సૹͯ͠ಡΈ௚͢ͷ͕Ͱ͖Ε͹͍͍ɻ

add "quote_builtin" add the type of function "quote_builtin" function call without evaluating parameters

add "quote_builtin" Ҿ਺ΛධՁͤͣ"45Λͦͷ··ूΊ·͢ɻ͋ͱͰධՁ͢Δͱ ͖ͷͨΊʹHFOW MFOWͱҰॹʹͯؔ͠਺Λݺͼग़͠·͢ɻ when "func_call" mhd = genv[tree[1]] if mhd[0] == "builtin" args = [] i = 0 while tree[i + 2] args[i] = evaluate(tree[i + 2], genv, lenv) i = i + 1 end minruby_call(mhd[1], args) elsif mhd[0] == "quote_builtin" args = [] i = 0 while tree[i + 2] args[i] = tree[i + 2] i = i + 1 end minruby_call(mhd[1], [genv, lenv, args]) else ...

add "quote_builtin" HFOWʹ͸RVPUF@CVJMUJOͱͯؔ͠਺Λొ࿥͠·͢ genv = { "p" => ["builtin", "p"], "require" => ["builtin", "require"], "minruby_parse" => ["builtin", "minruby_parse"], "minruby_load" => ["builtin", "minruby_load"], "minruby_call" => ["builtin", "minruby_call"], "ts_load" => ["builtin", "ts_load"], "ts_result" => ["builtin", "ts_load"], "eval" => ["quote_builtin", "ts_eval"], "ts_do_eval" => ["builtin", "ts_do_eval"], "read" => ["builtin", "ts_read"], "take" => ["builtin", "ts_take"], "write" => ["builtin", "ts_write"] }

binding? binding = [tree, genv, lenv] ':*ɻ$3VCZʹ͓͚ΔCJOEJOH͸.JO3VCZͩͱUSFF HFOW MFOW ʹ૬౰͢Δ͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜɻ def evaluate(tree, genv, lenv) case tree && tree[0] when "lit" ...

TupleSpace drbunix:/tmp/my_ts worker Create Process ৽͍͠ϓϩηεʹ౉͢ίϯςΩετ͸खʹೖΓͦ͏ɻ͜ΕΛ ࢖ͬͯ͜Μͳ෩ʹಈ͔͍ͨ͠ɻʢͱ͜ΖͰฒྻॲཧΛҰͭͷ ϓϩηεͰ͕Μ͹Δͷ͋Μ·Γҙຯͳ͍ͷͰ͸ʁʣ

https://gist.github.com/seki/ 159f840ba3ffb775c868ce07070e2cfb my_place.rb (TupleSpace server) rinda_interp.rb (MinRuby interpreter) my_rinda.rb (Rinda utility)

my_place.rb require 'drb/drb' require 'rinda/tuplespace' def spawn_worker system("ruby -I. rinda_interp.rb &") end ts = Rinda::TupleSpace.new DRb.start_service('drbunix:/tmp/my_ts', ts) Thread.new do while true it = ts.take([:ts_eval, nil, nil, nil, nil]) it[0] = :ts_call ts.write(it) spawn_worker end end ts.take([:quit]) NZ@QMBDFSC͸5VQMF4QBDFαʔόʔͰ͢ɻUT@FWBMͰ࢝·Δλϓϧ Λ଴ͪଓ͚ɺ৽͍͠ϓϩηεΛੜ੒͠·͢ɻϓϩηεʹͯ͠΄͍͜͠ ͱΛ఻͑ΔͨΊʹɺUT@DBMMͷλϓϧΛॻ͖·͢ɻ

rinda_interp.rb context = ts_load() if context value = evaluate(context[3], context[1], context[2]) ts_result(context[0], value) else str = minruby_load() tree = minruby_parse(str) genv = { ... } lenv = {} evaluate(tree, genv, lenv) end ΠϯλϓϦλ͸εΫϦϓτΛҾ਺Ͱ༩͑Δ௨ৗͷىಈํ๏ͷ ΄͔ʹɺλϓϧΛಡΜͰFWBMVBUF͢Δىಈํ๏Λ௥Ճ͠·͢ɻ

my_rinda.rb UT@FWBM ͸RVPUF@CVJMUJOͷؔ਺Ͱ͢ɻ $ts = DRbObject.new_with_uri('drbunix:/tmp/my_ts') ... def ts_eval(genv, lenv, tree) new_tree = ["func_call", "ts_do_eval", ["lit", [genv, lenv, tree]]] $ts.write([:ts_eval, nil, genv, lenv, new_tree]) end def ts_load() if ARGV.size == 0 _, req, genv, lenv, tree = $ts.take([:ts_call, nil, nil, nil, nil]) [req, genv, lenv, tree] else nil end end def ts_result(req, value) if req $ts.write([:ts_done, req, value]) end end

my_rinda.rb UT@MPBE ͸UT@DBMMͷλϓϧʹೖ͍ͬͯΔ.JO3VCZͷίϯςΩ ετͰ͋ΔHFOW MFOWɺUSFFͱͦͷϦΫΤετͷࣝผࢠΛऔ Γग़͠·͢ɻࣝผࢠ͸FWBMVBUF ͷ݁ՌΛฦ͢ͷʹUT@SFTVMU Ͱ࢖༻͠·͢ɻ $ts = DRbObject.new_with_uri('drbunix:/tmp/my_ts') ... def ts_load() if ARGV.size == 0 _, req, genv, lenv, tree = $ts.take([:ts_call, nil, nil, nil, nil]) [req, genv, lenv, tree] else nil end end def ts_result(req, value) if req $ts.write([:ts_done, req, value]) end end

It might work! and it does ͏͖ͦ͝͏Ͱ͠ΐʁ ͏͘͝ΜͩΑʔɻ

simple server FWBMΛ࢖༻ͨ͠αʔόʔ͸͜Μͳ෩ʹॻ͖·͢ɻ def server() while true req = read("Q", nil, nil) value = do_it(req[2]) write("A", req[1], value) end end eval("s", server()) take("s", nil)

fact.rb FWBMΛ࢖ͬͨGBDU write("fact", 1, 1) n = 2 while n <= 10 eval("fact", n, take("fact", n - 1, nil)[2] * n) n = n + 1 end p take("fact", 10, nil)

How to write Parallel Programs ڭՊॻͷதͷαϯϓϧͷଟ͕͘$͔Β3VCZ΁ͷ௚༁͚ͩͰ࣮ ݧͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͯ͏Ε͍͠ʂʂ

Summary I enjoyed the extending of MinRuby I want to make Agent system Ruby makes me feel great .JO3VCZΛ֦ுָͯ͠͠Έ·ͨ͠ɻ"HFOU TZTUFN·Ͱ࡞Γ ͍ͨʢ3VCZ,BJHJʹ͸ؒʹ߹͍·ͤΜͰͨ͠ʣɻ 3VCZΛΩϝΔͱؾ͍͍࣋ͪ

Docker, Rinda, Ring, MinRuby ෳ਺ͷίϯςφʹ഑ஔ͞Εͨ3JOEBͷλϓϧεϖʔεΛ3JOHΛ࢖ͬͯΦʔέε τϨʔγϣϯ ΍ઃఆͳ͠Ͱಉظͤ͞Δͱ͜Ζ·Ͱ͸࡞ͬͨɻݱࡏ͸ϝογϡ ঢ়ʹ઀ଓ͠߹͍ͬͯΔͷͰɺ"HFOUΛ࢖ͬͯ௨৴ΛݮΒͯ͠Έ͍ͨɻ

2017 re-published on the web 3JOH͸͜͜ʹग़ͯΔ

STM by Drip .JO3VCZͰͳͯ͘΋Ͱ͖ΔͷͰɺ࿩͢ͷ΍Ί·ͨ͠ɻ db = root() count = db['count'] = db['count'] + 1 p count

2017 re-published on the web %SJQ΋ग़ͯΔ