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nginx and Node.js
Kim Schlesinger
Denver Node.js Meetup - May 2020
@kimschles
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nginx can make your production
Node.js apps faster.
@kimschles
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Kim Schlesinger
@kimschles
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Agenda
1. About nginx
2. Demo setup
3. nginx as a Reverse Proxy, Web Cache and Load Balancer
4. Recap
@kimschles
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Agenda
1. About nginx
@kimschles
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Server
Something that sends files to a web browser
@kimschles
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@kimschles
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About nginx
• pronounced "engine-x"
• A web server, reverse proxy and load balancer
• First developed in 2004 by Igor Sysoev
• Designed to solve the C10K Problem1
• Written in C
1 Concurrently handling ten thousand connections
@kimschles
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Moar about nginx
• Open Source nginx and nginx Plus
• Serves 28.5% active sites on the web2
• Apache is 2nd with 27.8% websites
2
Netcraft April 2020 Web Server Survey
@kimschles
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How do I know which webserver is
serving my content?
@kimschles
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Look at the http response headers using
your browser's dev tools.
• Open dev tools
• Go to the network tab
• Refresh the page
• Look at response headers
@kimschles
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@kimschles
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Agenda
1. About nginx
@kimschles
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Agenda
1. About nginx
2. Demo setup
@kimschles
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Demo Setup
• Digital Ocean Droplet
• Ubuntu 18.04.3
• iTerm2 Profiles
• Dockerized Node.js apps
• Code at github.com/kimschles/nginx-nodejs
@kimschles
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Prerequisite Skills
• Setting up a remote server
• Using SSH to connect to the server
• Building an app with Node.js and Express
• Containerizing Node.js apps with Docker
• Deploying apps using Docker
@kimschles
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Thoughts on programming vs.
configuration management
@kimschles
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Agenda
1. About nginx
2. Demo setup
3. nginx as a Reverse Proxy
@kimschles
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Reverse Proxy
A reverse proxy takes requests from the Internet and
forwards them to servers in an internal network.3
3
MDN: Proxy Server
@kimschles
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Reverse Proxy Demo!
@kimschles
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The simplest possible
configuration
server {
location / {
proxy_pass http://:8080/;
}
}
@kimschles
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One with a little more info
server {
location / {
proxy_pass http://:8080/;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection 'upgrade';
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_cache_bypass $http_upgrade;
}
}
@kimschles
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How to setup a Reverse Proxy
• Download nginx
• Find and edit the configuration file
• /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
• Reload nginx with service nginx reload
• Check to see if nginx is the server
@kimschles
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Agenda
1. About nginx
2. Demo setup
3. nginx as a Reverse Proxy
@kimschles
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Agenda
1. About nginx
2. Demo setup
3. nginx as a Web Cache
@kimschles
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Serve static content
@kimschles
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index.html
Hey!
Hello Denver Node.js Meetup!
Isn't this a cute puppy?
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Serve Static HTML files
server {
location ~ \.(html)$ {
root /var/www/staticfiles;
expires 30d;
}
location / {
proxy_pass http://:3000;
}
}
@kimschles
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Agenda
1. About nginx
2. Demo setup
3. nginx as a Web Cache
@kimschles
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Agenda
1. About nginx
2. Demo setup
3. nginx as a Load Balancer
@kimschles
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Load Balancer
@kimschles
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High Availability
(lots of replicas)
@kimschles
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Round Robin Load Balancer
upstream nodeapps {
server :3000;
server :8080;
}
server {
location / {
proxy_pass http://nodeapps;
}
}
@kimschles
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Least Connections Load Balancer
upstream nodeapps {
least_conn;
server :3000;
server :8080;
}
server {
location / {
proxy_pass http://nodeapps;
}
}
@kimschles
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IP Hash Load Balancer
upstream nodeapps {
ip_hash;
server :3000;
server :8080;
}
server {
location / {
proxy_pass http://nodeapps;
}
}
@kimschles
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Recap
@kimschles
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nginx can make your production
Node.js apps faster.
@kimschles
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nginx.conf
@kimschles
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Reverse Proxy
@kimschles
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Web Cache
@kimschles
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Load Balancer
@kimschles
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There's more!
@kimschles
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Resources
• Full Example Configuration
• 5 Performance Tips for Node.js Applications
@kimschles
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kimschlesinger.com
@kimschles
@kimschles