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Alex Singleton
Department of Geography and Planning
Advances in Geographic Information
Science and “the Population of Blackpool”
www.alex-singleton.com
Picture - http://www.flickr.com/photos/metaltax/3071984856/
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Eurostat yearbook 2004
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Geographic Information Systems
• Almost all human activities and decisions
involve an important geographic component
• Working with geographic information involves
unique, complex and difficult choices
– Why we need specialized “software”
• organize and store
• access and retrieve
• manipulate and synthesize
• apply to the solution of problems
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Geographic Information Systems
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arcgisclusters.jpg
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Geographic Information Systems
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Advances
• Increasing prevalence of spatial data
– New and innovative data uses
– Open Data
– Volunteered geographic information (Crowd
Sourcing)
• GIS tools are no longer a barrier
• Move of GIS online & mobile
– New ways to generate data
– New ways to consume information
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Open Source Software
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NEW AND INNOVATIVE DATA
USES
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http://gbnames.publicprofiler.org/
Singleton (1881;1998)
• 1881 Census
• 1998 Enhanced
electoral roll
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http://worldnames.publicprofiler.org/
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Cawood
Culpin
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BIALOWAS
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OPEN DATA
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http://theodi.org/
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http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2013/feb/08/census-data-mapped
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Males
Lives in a Communal Establishment
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Median Age
British
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Flats
Semi
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/lrargerich/2803606630/
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62
Variables
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4
9
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http://www.opendataprofiler.com/Mapping.aspx
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2011 OAC Supergroup Assignment
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Rural Residents
Cosmopolitans
Ethnic Mix
Blue Collar Neighbourhoods
!
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Multicultural Metropolitans
Suburbanites
Proportion of 2011 OAC Supergroups in
a 2 mile radius around Chelsea’s and
Liverpool’s stadiums
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Education
http://www.education.gov.uk/schools/performance/
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Education
http://www.educationprofiler.org/?catchment
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OpenStreetMap
CO2 & School Commute
• Department for
Education
– Pupil Level Annual
School Census (PLASC)
• Postcode level
• 2007 – 2012 – “usual”
travel mode
• 7,373,505 pupil records
after exclusions (e.g. no
postcode etc) – multiple
years (2011)
• Mostly state school pupils
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Crime
http://www.police.uk/
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Crime
http://www.police.uk/
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http://data.police.uk/
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Crime
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Crime
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Crime
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http://www.policestreets.co.uk/
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VOLUNTEERED GEOGRAPHIC
INFORMATION
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/thms/42302762/
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/trojanllama/846715689/
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http://www.geograph.org.uk/
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http://scenic.mysociety.org/
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Scenicornot.org
• This was derived from the scenic or not website, where visitors are asked to rate
how ‘scenic’ a photo image is, between 1 and 10.
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• A record of each photograph’s ratings is kept, and is available from the website.
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• An average of each of the ratings for each photo was taken as the rating in this
project.
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• A map showing the ‘average scenic rating’ of the photos in the 5 KM grid squares
of North England
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Example of a Walk
• Each
Walkingworld
walk route
consists of a
number of
waymarks, or ‘walk
points.’
• Sometimes the
walk can take the
form of a cycle, in
this case a walk is
shown on a
Leaflet map of
Blackpool and the
surrounding area.
Liam Bratley
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Average Scenic Rating
• For each walk point, the closest 3
photos were found using a
Nearest Neighbour algorithm in
R.
• The mean of the average rating of
each of the 3 photos was
calculated. The result of this
calculation was stored as the
“average scenic rating” for each
walk point.
• The graph opposite shows how
the average scenic rating varies
according to altitude, as you move
through each walk point of a walk
around North West Lancashire.
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Visualisation of Cluster Locations
• Some interesting results:
the green clusters look to
be approximately near to
the national parks of the
country; meanwhile the
yellow/light green
clusters are more
focused around urban
areas.
• This lead tso appropriate
naming of these clusters.
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Dean Riddlesden - http://deanriddlesden.wordpress.com/
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2010/11 2012/13
Dean Riddlesden - http://deanriddlesden.wordpress.com/
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Some Conclusions
• Increasing prevalence of spatial data
– New and innovative data uses
– Open Data
– Volunteered geographic information (Crowd
Sourcing)
• GIS tools are no longer a barrier
• Move of GIS online & mobile
– New ways to generate data
– New ways to consume information
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Thanks!
• Questions?
• www.alex-singleton.com