iOSアプリの設計とDependency Injection

by Kenichi Yonekawa

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@yonekawa J04ΞϓϦͷઃܭͱ %FQFOEFODZ*OKFDUJPO

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%FQFOEFODZ*OKFDUJPO

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Dependency? TUSVDU5XFFUFS\ GVODUXFFU UXFFU4USJOH \ MFUBQJ5XJUUFS"QJ BQJQPTU5XFFU UXFFU ^ ^ TUSVDU5XJUUFS"QJ\ GVODQPTU5XFFU UXFFU4USJOH \ MFUDPOGJH/463-4FTTJPO$POGJHVSBUJPOEFGBVMU4FTTJPO$POGJHVSBUJPO MFUTFTTJPO/463-4FTTJPO DPOGJHVSBUJPODPOGJH MFUSFRVFTUCVJMESFRVFTU TFTTJPOEBUB5BTL8JUI3FRVFTU SFRVFTU ^ ^ MFUUXFFUFS5XFFUFS UXFFUFSUXFFU )FMMP Tweeter TwitterApi HTTP Client

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Problem • TwitterApi͕௨৴ͷ΍Γํʹґଘ͍ͯ͠Δɻ௨৴ͷ΍ΓํΛ ม͔͑ͨͬͨΒTwitterApi΋ಉ࣌ʹม͑ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍ɻ • ʮπΠʔτΛ౤ߘ͢ΔʯλεΫʹؔ܎ͷͳ͍ॳظԽॲཧ͕ଟ ͘ͳΓϝιουͷؔ৺ࣄ͕૿͑Δ • ௨৴ͷίʔυ͕ີ݁߹͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊpostTweetͷςετ͕ॻ ͖ͮΒ͍

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Solution TUSVDU5XFFUFS\ MFUBQJ5XJUUFS"QJ GVODUXFFU UXFFU4USJOH \ BQJQPTU5XFFU UXFFU ^ ^ TUSVDU5XJUUFS"QJ\ MFUIUUQ$MJFOU)551$MJFOU GVODQPTU5XFFU UXFFU4USJOH \ MFUSFRVFTUCVJMESFRVFTU IUUQ$MJFOUTFOE SFRVFTU ^ ^ MFUBQJ5XJUUFS"QJ IUUQ$MJFOU)UUQ$MJFOU8JUI63-4FTTJPO MFUUXFFUFS5XFFUFS BQJBQJ UXFFUFSUXFFU )FMMP

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Dependency Injection Pattern • ίϯϙʔωϯτͷؒͷґଘؔ܎Λιʔείʔυ͔Βഉআ͠ɺ ֎෦͔Β஫ೖͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͢ΔσβΠϯύλʔϯ • ίϯϙʔωϯτ͔ΒΠϯελϯεͷੜ੒΍ͦͷ۩ମతͳ࣮૷ ͱ͍ͬͨຊདྷඞཁͳ͍ؔ৺ࣄ͕औΓআ͔Ε࣮ͯ૷͕γϯϓϧ ʹͳΔ • ֎෦͔Βίϯϙʔωϯτͷ࣮૷Λ੍ޚͰ͖ΔͷͰɺ௨৴෦෼ ͚ͩϞοΫͨ͠ΓϢχοτςετ͕΍Γ΍͘͢ͳΔ

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Problem • Tweeter͕૿͑ͨΒຖճTwitterApiͱHTTP ClientΛॳظԽ͠ ͯ౉͔ͯ͠Βݺͼग़͞ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍ • ࠶ར༻͢ΔͨΊʹίϯϙʔωϯτԽͯ͠ΔͷʹͦΕΛ࢖͏ͨ Ίͷ४උ͕ଟ͘ͳͬͯ໘౗͍͘͞

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DI Container • ґଘίϯϙʔωϯτͷੜ੒ͱ஫ೖΛผͷίϯϙʔωϯτʹ ೚ͤΔɻDIίϯςφͱ͔DIϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͱݺ͹ΕΔ΋ͷ • ίϯςφ͸ίϯϙʔωϯτͷੜ੒ํ๏ͱ஫ೖํ๏Λ஌͍ͬͯ ͯɺίϯϙʔωϯτؒͷґଘؔ܎Λղܾͯ͠ΦϒδΣΫτΛ ฦͯ͘͠ΕΔ DI Container Client Code Tweeter TwitterApi HTTP Client

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Pseudocode SFHJTUFS )551$MJFOUTFMG \ )551$MJFOUJO SFUVSO)UUQ$MJFOU8JUI63-4FTTJPO ^ SFHJTUFS 5XJUUFS"QJTFMG \ 5XJUUFS"QJJO MFUVSM4FTTJPODPNQPOFOU /463-4FTTJPOTFMG SFUVSO5XJUUFS"QJ VSM4FTTJPOVSM4FTTJPO ^ SFHJTUFS 5XFFUFSTFMG \ 5XFFUFSJO MFUBQJDPNQPOFOU 5XJUUFS"QJTFMG SFUVSO5XFFUFS BQJBQJ ^ MFUUXFFUFSDPNQPOFOU 5XFFUFSTFMG UXFFUFSUXFFU )FMMP

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Pseudocode SFHJTUFS )551$MJFOUTFMG \ )551$MJFOUJO SFUVSO"MBNPGJSF$MJFOU ^ SFHJTUFS 5XJUUFS"QJTFMG \ 5XJUUFS"QJJO MFUVSM4FTTJPODPNQPOFOU /463-4FTTJPOTFMG SFUVSO5XJUUFS"QJ VSM4FTTJPOVSM4FTTJPO ^ SFHJTUFS 5XFFUFSTFMG \ 5XFFUFSJO MFUBQJDPNQPOFOU 5XJUUFS"QJTFMG SFUVSO5XFFUFS BQJBQJ ^ MFUUXFFUFSDPNQPOFOU 5XFFUFSTFMG UXFFUFSUXFFU )FMMP

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Clean Architecture • ϩδοΫͷ૚ͱ໾ׂΛ෼ׂ͢Δ͜ͱͰͦΕͧΕͷ੹຿Λ໌ ֬ʹͯ͠ઃܭͷڞ௨ೝࣝΛ࡞ΔΞʔΩςΫνϟઃܭ • ໾ׂΛ෼ׂͤ͞Δʹ͸ͦΕͧΕͷίϯϙʔωϯτͷґଘؔ܎ Λ੾Γ཭͢ඞཁ͕͋Δ • Clean Architecture͸DIΛੵۃతʹ׆༻ͨ͠ʢ׆༻Ͱ͖Δʣ ΞʔΩςΫνϟ

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%*'SBNFXPSLGPSJ04

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Typical DI Frameworks • Typhoon • Swinject • Cleanse

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Typhoon • Objective-C࣌୅͔Β͋Δ࿝ฮͷDIίϯςφ • Storyboard͔ΒͷΠϯελϯεੜ੒αϙʔτ΍ɺplistͰͷґ ଘؔ܎ͷఆٛͳͲػೳ͸๛෋ • ࣮૷͕Objective-Cϕʔεͷ͍͔ͤSwiftͩͱܕͷѻ͍͕͋· Γ͏·͘ͳ͍

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Swinject • Pure SwiftͰॻ͔ΕͨDIϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ • ContainerΦϒδΣΫτʹܕͱBlockΛొ࿥ͯ͠ܕΛى఺ʹґ ଘΛղܾ͢Δ • Typhoonͱҧ͍ɺຊମʹೖΕͨ͘ͳ͍͕ศརͳػೳ͸֦ு ͷܗͰఏڙ͍ͯ͠Δɻ

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Swinject Style MFUDPOUBJOFS$POUBJOFS DPOUBJOFSSFHJTUFS "OJNBM5ZQFTFMG \@JO$BU OBNF.JNJ ^ DPOUBJOFSSFHJTUFS 1FSTPO5ZQFTFMG \SJO 1FU0XOFS QFUSSFTPMWF "OJNBM5ZQFTFMG ^ MFUQFSTPODPOUBJOFSSFTPMWF 1FSTPO5ZQFTFMG QFSTPOQMBZ

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Cleanse • Square੡ͷDIίϯςφ • SwinjectͷContainerʹ૬౰͢Δ΋ͷ͸ແ͘ɺComponentͱ Moduleͷ૊Έ߹ΘͤͰ֤ΦϒδΣΫτͷґଘΛ؅ཧ͢Δ • JavaͷDIϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ(Dagger)ʹΠϯεύΠΞ͞Ε͍ͯ ΔͷͰ༻ޠ͸ࣅ͍ͯΔ͕ɺSwiftͷݴޠ࢓༷ʹ߹Θͤͯઃܭ ͞Ε͍ͯΔ

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Cleanse Style TUSVDU"OJNBM.PEVMF$MFBOTF.PEVMF\ GVODDPOGJHVSF##JOEFS CJOEFSCJOEFS# \ CJOEFSCJOE "OJNBM5ZQFTFMG UP WBMVF$BU OBNF.JNJ ^ ^ TUSVDU0XOFS$PNQPOFOU$MFBOTF$PNQPOFOU\ UZQFBMJBT3PPU1FSTPO5ZQF GVODDPOGJHVSF##JOEFS CJOEFSCJOEFS# \ CJOEFSJOTUBMM NPEVMF"OJNBM.PEVMF CJOEFSCJOE 1FSTPO5ZQFTFMG UP GBDUPSZ1FU0XOFSJOJU ^ ^ MFUQFSTPOUSZ0XOFS$PNQPOFOU CVJME QFSTPOQMBZ

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Swinject vs Cleanse • Cleanse͸ίϯϙʔωϯτఆٛͰ΍Δ͜ͱ͕ଟ͍ͷͰ࠷ॳ͸ ໘౗ɻSwinject͸ContainerʹܕͱBlockΛ౉͚ͩ͢Ͱ͍͍ͷ ͰΧδϡΞϧʹ࢖͑Δɻ • ίϯϙʔωϯτͷੜ੒ํ๏Λίϯϙʔωϯτ୯ҐͰఆٛ͢ ΔCleanseͷ΄͏͕ΠϯλϑΣʔεͱͯ͠͸ے͕Αͦ͞͏ɻ Swinject͸Containerͷ؅ཧͱ͍͏ผͷ໰୊͕͋Δɻ • Cleanse͸·ͩbetaͰ͋·ΓίϛϡχςΟͷಈ͖͕ͳ͍

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J04%*1SBDUJDF

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Protocol Oriented • ίϯϙʔωϯτؒΛૄ݁߹ʹ͢Δʹ͸ίϯϙʔωϯτͷΠ ϯλϑΣʔεΛ໌ࣔతʹ͠ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍ɻΠϯλϑΣʔε ͕ಉ͡ͳΒ࣮૷ͷࠩ͠ସ͕͑༰қʹͳΔɻ QSPUPDPM)551$MJFOU\ GVODTFOE ^ DMBTT/463-4FTTJPO$MJFOU)551$MJFOU\ GVODTFOE \ /463-4FTTJPO EBUB5BTL8JUI3FRVFTU ǘ ^ ^ DMBTT"MBNPGJSF$MJFOU)551$MJFOU\ GVODTFOE \ "MBNPGJSFSFRVFTU ǘ ^ ^

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Constructor Injection vs Property Injection • Property Injection͸֎෦ʹϓϩύςΟΛެ։͢Δඞཁ͕͋ ΓMutableʹ͠ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍ͷͰجຊతʹ͸Constructor InjectionΛ͓קΊ͍ͨ͠ • CleanseͷυΩϡϝϯτͰ͸Property Injection͸ AppDelegate΍StoryboardͳͲΠϯελϯεੜ੒Λ੍ޚͰ ͖ͳ͍έʔεͰ࢖͏ͱ͞Ε͍ͯΔ

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prepareForSegue • ભҠݩͷViewController͕ભҠઌͷViewControllerʹ͍ͭͯ ஌Βͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍ɻભҠઌͷ࢓༷͕มΘͬͨΒભҠݩΛ ௚͞ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍ɻ • ΠϯελϯεԽ͸StoryboardʹΑͬͯߦΘΕΔͷͰ PropertyInjectorΛ࢖ͬͯ஫ೖ͢Δ PWFSSJEFGVODQSFQBSF'PS4FHVF TFHVF6*4UPSZCPBSE4FHVF TFOEFS "OZ0CKFDU \ JGMFUWDTFHVFEFTUJOBUJPO7JFX$POUSPMMFSBT /FYU7JFX$POUSPMMFS\ MFUJOKFDUPSUSZ/FYU7JFX$POUSPMMFS$PNQPOFOU CVJME JOKFDUPSJOKFDU1SPQFSUJFT JOUPWD ^ ^

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DI with arguments • Πϯελϯεੜ੒Λίϯςφʹ೚ͤͯ͠·͏ͷͰɺϢʔβʔ ೖྗͳͲͷಈతͳύϥϝʔλ͸Ͳ͏౉͢΂͖͔ • Cleanse͸ComponentFactoryͱ͍͏ػೳͰͦΕΛ࣮ݱͰ͖ Δ͕·ͩ։ൃதɻݱঢ়Ͱ͸ComponentͷॳظԽ࣌ʹύϥ ϝʔλΛ౉ͯ͠Moduleͷੜ੒ʹ࢖͏͔͠ͳͦ͞͏ • Swinject͸ґଘΦϒδΣΫτΛresolve͢Δ࣌ʹੜ੒ίʔυ ΁ͷύϥϝʔλ͕౉ͤΔ

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DI with arguments (Cleanse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Mock Testing • API௨৴෦෼ͳͲΛϢχοτςετͷ࣌ʹ͸ϞοΫ࣮૷ʹࠩ ͠ସ͍͑ͨɻ • Cleanse͸ModuleΛOverride͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔͷͰϞοΫ ࣮૷ͱͷࠩ͠ସ͕͑༰қ͚ͩͲɾɾɾ TUSVDU'BLF.PEVMF0WFSSJEF.PEVMF\ UZQFBMJBT0WFSSJEFT5XFFUFS$PNQPOFOU GVODDPOGJHVSF##JOEFS CJOEFSCJOEFS# \ CJOEFSJOTUBMM NPEVMF'BLF5XJUUFS"QJ.PEVMF ^ ^ JGVTF'BLF.PEF\ JOKFDUPSUSZ$PNQPOFOU XJUI0WFSSJEFT PWFSSJEF.PEVMF'BLF.PEVMF CVJME ^FMTF\ JOKFDUPSUSZ$PNQPOFOU CVJME ^

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Do Not Use Fake Mode • ίϯϙʔωϯτఆٛΛ্ॻ͖͢Δͷ͸ίϯϙʔωϯτؒͷґଘͷ ࿈࠯ΛಡΈͮΒ͘͢ΔͷͰΑ͘ͳ͍ʢCleanseͰ΋͜ͷػೳΛ࡟ আ͢ΔPR͕ग़ͯΔʣ • ૉ௚ʹϢχοτςετ࣌ʹϞοΫ͢Δ΂͖ɻґଘΦϒδΣΫτ͸ ԿΒ͔ͷܗͰ֎෦͔Β౉ͤΔઃܭʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ͔Β؆୯ͳ͸ͣ DMBTT5XJUUFS"QJ5FTUT9$5FTU$BTF\ WBSTVCKFDU5XJUUFS"QJ MFUTFTTJPO.PDL63-4FTTJPO PWFSSJEFGVODTFU6Q \ TVQFSTFU6Q TVCKFDU5XJUUFS"QJ TFTTJPOTFTTJPO ^ ^

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Swiftʹ͓͚Δݱ࣮తͳϞοΫ https://realm.io/jp/news/tryswift-veronica-ray-real-world-mocking-swift/

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·ͱΊ

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·ͱΊ • ෳࡶͳΞϓϦͰมߋʹڧ͍ΞʔΩςΫνϟΛ࡞ΔͨΊʹ͸· ͣɺίϯϙʔωϯτؒͷґଘΛഉআ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ॏཁɻDIʹ Αͬͯͦͷ౔৕Λ࡞Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ • SwiftͷProtocol΍ܕγεςϜΛ͏·͘࢖ͬͨDIϑϨʔϜϫʔ ΫΛ࠾༻͢ΔͱΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕ΑΓݎ࿚ʹͳΔ • ͍·ϓϩμΫγϣϯʹೖΕΔͳΒSwinject͕Αͦ͞͏͕ͩɺ Cleanse͸ΠϯλϑΣʔε͕Α͘Ͱ͖͍ͯΔͷͰظ଴͍ͨ͠

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Improving Existing Apps with Modern Best Practices https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2016/213/