iOSアプリの設計とDependency Injection

Transcript

1. @yonekawa J04ΞϓϦͷઃܭͱ
   %FQFOEFODZ
   *OKFDUJPO

2. None
3. None
4. None
5. None

6. %FQFOEFODZ
   *OKFDUJPO

7. Dependency? TUSVDU
   5XFFUFS
   \
   
   
   GVOD
   UXFFU UXFFU
   4USJOH
   \
   
   
   
   
   MFU
   BQJ
   
   5XJUUFS"QJ
   
   
   
   
   BQJQPTU5XFFU UXFFU
   

   
   
   ^
   ^
   TUSVDU
   5XJUUFS"QJ
   \
   
   
   GVOD
   QPTU5XFFU UXFFU
   4USJOH
   \
   
   
   
   
   MFU
   DPOGJH
   
   /463-4FTTJPO$POGJHVSBUJPOEFGBVMU4FTTJPO$POGJHVSBUJPO
   
   
   
   
   MFU
   TFTTJPO
   
   /463-4FTTJPO DPOGJHVSBUJPO
   DPOGJH
   
   
   
   
   MFU
   SFRVFTU
   
   
   CVJME
   SFRVFTU
   
   
   
   
   TFTTJPOEBUB5BTL8JUI3FRVFTU SFRVFTU
   
   
   ^
   ^
   MFU
   UXFFUFS
   
   5XFFUFS
   UXFFUFSUXFFU )FMMP
   Tweeter TwitterApi HTTP Client

8. Dependency? TUSVDU
   5XFFUFS
   \
   
   
   GVOD
   UXFFU UXFFU
   4USJOH
   \
   
   
   
   
   MFU
   BQJ
   
   5XJUUFS"QJ
   
   
   
   
   BQJQPTU5XFFU UXFFU
   

   
   
   ^
   ^
   TUSVDU
   5XJUUFS"QJ
   \
   
   
   GVOD
   QPTU5XFFU UXFFU
   4USJOH
   \
   
   
   
   
   MFU
   DPOGJH
   
   /463-4FTTJPO$POGJHVSBUJPOEFGBVMU4FTTJPO$POGJHVSBUJPO
   
   
   
   
   MFU
   TFTTJPO
   
   /463-4FTTJPO DPOGJHVSBUJPO
   DPOGJH
   
   
   
   
   MFU
   SFRVFTU
   
   
   CVJME
   SFRVFTU
   
   
   
   
   TFTTJPOEBUB5BTL8JUI3FRVFTU SFRVFTU
   
   
   ^
   ^
   MFU
   UXFFUFS
   
   5XFFUFS
   UXFFUFSUXFFU )FMMP
   Tweeter TwitterApi HTTP Client

9. Problem • TwitterApi͕௨৴ͷ΍Γํʹґଘ͍ͯ͠Δɻ௨৴ͷ΍ΓํΛ ม͔͑ͨͬͨΒTwitterApi΋ಉ࣌ʹม͑ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍ɻ • ʮπΠʔτΛ౤ߘ͢ΔʯλεΫʹؔ܎ͷͳ͍ॳظԽॲཧ͕ଟ ͘ͳΓϝιουͷؔ৺ࣄ͕૿͑Δ • ௨৴ͷίʔυ͕ີ݁߹͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊpostTweetͷςετ͕ॻ ͖ͮΒ͍

10. Solution TUSVDU
    5XFFUFS
    \
    
    
    MFU
    BQJ
    5XJUUFS"QJ
    
    
    GVOD
    UXFFU UXFFU
    4USJOH
    \
    
    
    
    
    BQJQPTU5XFFU UXFFU
    
    
    ^
    

    ^
    TUSVDU
    5XJUUFS"QJ
    \
    
    
    MFU
    IUUQ$MJFOU
    )551$MJFOU
    
    
    GVOD
    QPTU5XFFU UXFFU
    4USJOH
    \
    
    
    
    
    MFU
    SFRVFTU
    
    
    CVJME
    SFRVFTU
    
    
    
    
    IUUQ$MJFOUTFOE SFRVFTU
    
    
    ^
    ^
    MFU
    BQJ
    
    5XJUUFS"QJ IUUQ$MJFOU
    )UUQ$MJFOU8JUI63-4FTTJPO
    MFU
    UXFFUFS
    
    5XFFUFS BQJ
    BQJ
    UXFFUFSUXFFU )FMMP

11. Solution TUSVDU
    5XFFUFS
    \
    
    
    MFU
    BQJ
    5XJUUFS"QJ
    
    
    GVOD
    UXFFU UXFFU
    4USJOH
    \
    
    
    
    
    BQJQPTU5XFFU UXFFU
    
    
    ^
    

    ^
    TUSVDU
    5XJUUFS"QJ
    \
    
    
    MFU
    IUUQ$MJFOU
    )551$MJFOU
    
    
    GVOD
    QPTU5XFFU UXFFU
    4USJOH
    \
    
    
    
    
    MFU
    SFRVFTU
    
    
    CVJME
    SFRVFTU
    
    
    
    
    IUUQ$MJFOUTFOE SFRVFTU
    
    
    ^
    ^
    MFU
    BQJ
    
    5XJUUFS"QJ IUUQ$MJFOU
    )UUQ$MJFOU8JUI63-4FTTJPO
    MFU
    UXFFUFS
    
    5XFFUFS BQJ
    BQJ
    UXFFUFSUXFFU )FMMP

12. Dependency Injection Pattern • ίϯϙʔωϯτͷؒͷґଘؔ܎Λιʔείʔυ͔Βഉআ͠ɺ ֎෦͔Β஫ೖͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͢ΔσβΠϯύλʔϯ • ίϯϙʔωϯτ͔ΒΠϯελϯεͷੜ੒΍ͦͷ۩ମతͳ࣮૷ ͱ͍ͬͨຊདྷඞཁͳ͍ؔ৺ࣄ͕औΓআ͔Ε࣮ͯ૷͕γϯϓϧ ʹͳΔ

    • ֎෦͔Βίϯϙʔωϯτͷ࣮૷Λ੍ޚͰ͖ΔͷͰɺ௨৴෦෼ ͚ͩϞοΫͨ͠ΓϢχοτςετ͕΍Γ΍͘͢ͳΔ

13. Problem • Tweeter͕૿͑ͨΒຖճTwitterApiͱHTTP ClientΛॳظԽ͠ ͯ౉͔ͯ͠Βݺͼग़͞ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍ • ࠶ར༻͢ΔͨΊʹίϯϙʔωϯτԽͯ͠ΔͷʹͦΕΛ࢖͏ͨ Ίͷ४උ͕ଟ͘ͳͬͯ໘౗͍͘͞

14. DI Container • ґଘίϯϙʔωϯτͷੜ੒ͱ஫ೖΛผͷίϯϙʔωϯτʹ ೚ͤΔɻDIίϯςφͱ͔DIϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͱݺ͹ΕΔ΋ͷ • ίϯςφ͸ίϯϙʔωϯτͷੜ੒ํ๏ͱ஫ೖํ๏Λ஌͍ͬͯ ͯɺίϯϙʔωϯτؒͷґଘؔ܎Λղܾͯ͠ΦϒδΣΫτΛ ฦͯ͘͠ΕΔ DI

    Container Client Code Tweeter TwitterApi HTTP Client

15. Pseudocode SFHJTUFS )551$MJFOUTFMG
    \
    
    
    )551$MJFOU
    JO
    
    
    
    
    SFUVSO
    )UUQ$MJFOU8JUI63-4FTTJPO
    ^
    SFHJTUFS 5XJUUFS"QJTFMG

    
    \
    
    
    5XJUUFS"QJ
    JO
    
    
    
    
    MFU
    VSM4FTTJPO
    
    DPNQPOFOU /463-4FTTJPOTFMG
    
    
    
    
    SFUVSO
    5XJUUFS"QJ VSM4FTTJPO
    VSM4FTTJPO
    ^
    SFHJTUFS 5XFFUFSTFMG
    \
    
    
    5XFFUFS
    JO
    
    
    
    
    MFU
    BQJ
    
    DPNQPOFOU 5XJUUFS"QJTFMG
    
    
    
    
    SFUVSO
    5XFFUFS BQJ
    BQJ
    ^
    MFU
    UXFFUFS
    
    DPNQPOFOU 5XFFUFSTFMG
    UXFFUFSUXFFU )FMMP
    

16. Pseudocode SFHJTUFS )551$MJFOUTFMG
    \
    
    
    )551$MJFOU
    JO
    
    
    
    
    SFUVSO
    "MBNPGJSF$MJFOU
    ^
    SFHJTUFS 5XJUUFS"QJTFMG

    
    \
    
    
    5XJUUFS"QJ
    JO
    
    
    
    
    MFU
    VSM4FTTJPO
    
    DPNQPOFOU /463-4FTTJPOTFMG
    
    
    
    
    SFUVSO
    5XJUUFS"QJ VSM4FTTJPO
    VSM4FTTJPO
    ^
    SFHJTUFS 5XFFUFSTFMG
    \
    
    
    5XFFUFS
    JO
    
    
    
    
    MFU
    BQJ
    
    DPNQPOFOU 5XJUUFS"QJTFMG
    
    
    
    
    SFUVSO
    5XFFUFS BQJ
    BQJ
    ^
    MFU
    UXFFUFS
    
    DPNQPOFOU 5XFFUFSTFMG
    UXFFUFSUXFFU )FMMP
    

17. Clean Architecture • ϩδοΫͷ૚ͱ໾ׂΛ෼ׂ͢Δ͜ͱͰͦΕͧΕͷ੹຿Λ໌ ֬ʹͯ͠ઃܭͷڞ௨ೝࣝΛ࡞ΔΞʔΩςΫνϟઃܭ • ໾ׂΛ෼ׂͤ͞Δʹ͸ͦΕͧΕͷίϯϙʔωϯτͷґଘؔ܎ Λ੾Γ཭͢ඞཁ͕͋Δ • Clean

    Architecture͸DIΛੵۃతʹ׆༻ͨ͠ʢ׆༻Ͱ͖Δʣ ΞʔΩςΫνϟ

18. %*
    'SBNFXPSL
    GPS
    J04

19. Typical DI Frameworks • Typhoon • Swinject • Cleanse

20. Typhoon • Objective-C࣌୅͔Β͋Δ࿝ฮͷDIίϯςφ • Storyboard͔ΒͷΠϯελϯεੜ੒αϙʔτ΍ɺplistͰͷґ ଘؔ܎ͷఆٛͳͲػೳ͸๛෋ • ࣮૷͕Objective-Cϕʔεͷ͍͔ͤSwiftͩͱܕͷѻ͍͕͋· Γ͏·͘ͳ͍

21. Swinject • Pure SwiftͰॻ͔ΕͨDIϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ • ContainerΦϒδΣΫτʹܕͱBlockΛొ࿥ͯ͠ܕΛى఺ʹґ ଘΛղܾ͢Δ • Typhoonͱҧ͍ɺຊମʹೖΕͨ͘ͳ͍͕ศརͳػೳ͸֦ு ͷܗͰఏڙ͍ͯ͠Δɻ

22. Swinject Style MFU
    DPOUBJOFS
    
    $POUBJOFS
    DPOUBJOFSSFHJTUFS "OJNBM5ZQFTFMG
    \
    @
    JO
    $BU OBNF
    .JNJ
    ^
    DPOUBJOFSSFHJTUFS

    1FSTPO5ZQFTFMG
    \
    S
    JO
    
    
    
    
    1FU0XOFS QFU
    SSFTPMWF "OJNBM5ZQFTFMG 
    ^
    MFU
    QFSTPO
    
    DPOUBJOFSSFTPMWF 1FSTPO5ZQFTFMG 
    QFSTPOQMBZ
    

23. Cleanse • Square੡ͷDIίϯςφ • SwinjectͷContainerʹ૬౰͢Δ΋ͷ͸ແ͘ɺComponentͱ Moduleͷ૊Έ߹ΘͤͰ֤ΦϒδΣΫτͷґଘΛ؅ཧ͢Δ • JavaͷDIϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ(Dagger)ʹΠϯεύΠΞ͞Ε͍ͯ ΔͷͰ༻ޠ͸ࣅ͍ͯΔ͕ɺSwiftͷݴޠ࢓༷ʹ߹Θͤͯઃܭ ͞Ε͍ͯΔ

24. Cleanse Style TUSVDU
    "OJNBM.PEVMF
    
    $MFBOTF.PEVMF
    \
    
    
    GVOD
    DPOGJHVSF#
    
    #JOEFS CJOEFS
    CJOEFS
    #
    \
    
    
    
    
    CJOEFSCJOE "OJNBM5ZQFTFMG UP WBMVF
    $BU

    OBNF
    .JNJ
    
    
    ^
    ^
    TUSVDU
    0XOFS$PNQPOFOU
    
    $MFBOTF$PNQPOFOU
    \
    
    
    UZQFBMJBT
    3PPU
    
    1FSTPO5ZQF
    
    
    GVOD
    DPOGJHVSF#
    
    #JOEFS CJOEFS
    CJOEFS
    #
    \
    
    
    
    
    CJOEFSJOTUBMM NPEVMF
    "OJNBM.PEVMF
    
    
    
    
    CJOEFSCJOE 1FSTPO5ZQFTFMG UP GBDUPSZ
    1FU0XOFSJOJU
    
    
    ^
    ^
    MFU
    QFSTPO
    
    USZ
    0XOFS$PNQPOFOU CVJME
    QFSTPOQMBZ

25. Swinject vs Cleanse • Cleanse͸ίϯϙʔωϯτఆٛͰ΍Δ͜ͱ͕ଟ͍ͷͰ࠷ॳ͸ ໘౗ɻSwinject͸ContainerʹܕͱBlockΛ౉͚ͩ͢Ͱ͍͍ͷ ͰΧδϡΞϧʹ࢖͑Δɻ • ίϯϙʔωϯτͷੜ੒ํ๏Λίϯϙʔωϯτ୯ҐͰఆٛ͢ ΔCleanseͷ΄͏͕ΠϯλϑΣʔεͱͯ͠͸ے͕Αͦ͞͏ɻ

    Swinject͸Containerͷ؅ཧͱ͍͏ผͷ໰୊͕͋Δɻ • Cleanse͸·ͩbetaͰ͋·ΓίϛϡχςΟͷಈ͖͕ͳ͍

26. J04
    %*
    1SBDUJDF

27. Protocol Oriented • ίϯϙʔωϯτؒΛૄ݁߹ʹ͢Δʹ͸ίϯϙʔωϯτͷΠ ϯλϑΣʔεΛ໌ࣔతʹ͠ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍ɻΠϯλϑΣʔε ͕ಉ͡ͳΒ࣮૷ͷࠩ͠ସ͕͑༰қʹͳΔɻ QSPUPDPM
    )551$MJFOU
    \
    
    
    GVOD
    TFOE
    ^
    

    DMBTT
    /463-4FTTJPO$MJFOU
    )551$MJFOU
    \
    
    
    GVOD
    TFOE
    \
    
    
    
    
    /463-4FTTJPO EBUB5BTL8JUI3FRVFTU ǘ
    
    
    ^
    ^
    DMBTT
    "MBNPGJSF$MJFOU
    )551$MJFOU
    \
    
    
    GVOD
    TFOE
    \
    
    
    
    
    "MBNPGJSFSFRVFTU ǘ
    
    
    ^
    ^

28. Constructor Injection vs Property Injection • Property Injection͸֎෦ʹϓϩύςΟΛެ։͢Δඞཁ͕͋ ΓMutableʹ͠ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍ͷͰجຊతʹ͸Constructor InjectionΛ͓קΊ͍ͨ͠

    • CleanseͷυΩϡϝϯτͰ͸Property Injection͸ AppDelegate΍StoryboardͳͲΠϯελϯεੜ੒Λ੍ޚͰ ͖ͳ͍έʔεͰ࢖͏ͱ͞Ε͍ͯΔ

29. prepareForSegue • ભҠݩͷViewController͕ભҠઌͷViewControllerʹ͍ͭͯ ஌Βͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍ɻભҠઌͷ࢓༷͕มΘͬͨΒભҠݩΛ ௚͞ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍ɻ • ΠϯελϯεԽ͸StoryboardʹΑͬͯߦΘΕΔͷͰ PropertyInjectorΛ࢖ͬͯ஫ೖ͢Δ PWFSSJEF
    GVOD
    QSFQBSF'PS4FHVF TFHVF
    6*4UPSZCPBSE4FHVF

    TFOEFS
    "OZ0CKFDU
    \
    
    
    JG
    MFU
    WD
    
    TFHVFEFTUJOBUJPO7JFX$POUSPMMFS
    BT
    /FYU7JFX$POUSPMMFS
    \
    
    
    
    
    MFU
    JOKFDUPS
    
    USZ
    /FYU7JFX$POUSPMMFS$PNQPOFOU CVJME
    
    
    
    
    JOKFDUPSJOKFDU1SPQFSUJFT JOUP
    WD
    
    
    ^
    ^

30. DI with arguments • Πϯελϯεੜ੒Λίϯςφʹ೚ͤͯ͠·͏ͷͰɺϢʔβʔ ೖྗͳͲͷಈతͳύϥϝʔλ͸Ͳ͏౉͢΂͖͔ • Cleanse͸ComponentFactoryͱ͍͏ػೳͰͦΕΛ࣮ݱͰ͖ Δ͕·ͩ։ൃதɻݱঢ়Ͱ͸ComponentͷॳظԽ࣌ʹύϥ ϝʔλΛ౉ͯ͠Moduleͷੜ੒ʹ࢖͏͔͠ͳͦ͞͏

    • Swinject͸ґଘΦϒδΣΫτΛresolve͢Δ࣌ʹੜ੒ίʔυ ΁ͷύϥϝʔλ͕౉ͤΔ

31. DI with arguments (Cleanse) TUSVDU
    /FYU7JFX$PNQPOFOU
    
    $MFBOTF$PNQPOFOU
    \
    
    
    MFU
    JUFN
    *UFN
    
    
    UZQFBMJBT
    3PPU
    
    1SPQFSUZ*OKFDUPS/FYU7JFX$POUSPMMFS
    
    
    GVOD
    DPOGJHVSF#
    
    #JOEFS CJOEFS
    CJOEFS
    #
    \
    

    
    
    
    
    CJOEFSJOTUBMM NPEVMF
    7JFX.PEFM.PEVMF
    
    
    
    
    CJOEFS
    
    
    
    
    
    
    CJOE1SPQFSUZ*OKFDUJPO0G /FYU7JFX$POUSPMMFSTFMG
    
    
    
    
    
    
    UP
    \
    WD
    /FYU7JFX$POUSPMMFS
    WJFX.PEFM
    7JFX.PEFM
    JO
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    WJFX.PEFMJUFN
    
    JUFN
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    WDWJFX.PEFM
    
    WJFX.PEFM
    
    
    
    
    
    
    ^
    
    
    ^
    ^
    PWFSSJEF
    GVOD
    QSFQBSF'PS4FHVF TFHVF
    6*4UPSZCPBSE4FHVF
    TFOEFS
    "OZ0CKFDU
    \
    
    
    JG
    MFU
    WD
    
    TFHVFEFTUJOBUJPO7JFX$POUSPMMFS
    BT
    /FYU7JFX$POUSPMMFS
    \
    
    
    
    
    MFU
    JUFN
    
    
    
    
    
    
    MFU
    JOKFDUPS
    
    USZ
    /FYU7JFX$PNQPOFOU JUFN
    JUFN CVJME
    
    
    
    
    JOKFDUPSJOKFDU1SPQFSUJFT JOUP
    WD
    
    
    ^
    ^

32. DI with arguments (Cleanse) TUSVDU
    /FYU7JFX$PNQPOFOU
    
    $MFBOTF$PNQPOFOU
    \
    
    
    MFU
    JUFN
    *UFN
    
    
    UZQFBMJBT
    3PPU
    
    1SPQFSUZ*OKFDUPS/FYU7JFX$POUSPMMFS
    
    
    GVOD
    DPOGJHVSF#
    
    #JOEFS CJOEFS
    CJOEFS
    #
    \
    

    
    
    
    
    CJOEFSJOTUBMM NPEVMF
    7JFX.PEFM.PEVMF
    
    
    
    
    CJOEFS
    
    
    
    
    
    
    CJOE1SPQFSUZ*OKFDUJPO0G /FYU7JFX$POUSPMMFSTFMG
    
    
    
    
    
    
    UP
    \
    WD
    /FYU7JFX$POUSPMMFS
    WJFX.PEFM
    7JFX.PEFM
    JO
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    WJFX.PEFMJUFN
    
    JUFN
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    WDWJFX.PEFM
    
    WJFX.PEFM
    
    
    
    
    
    
    ^
    
    
    ^
    ^
    PWFSSJEF
    GVOD
    QSFQBSF'PS4FHVF TFHVF
    6*4UPSZCPBSE4FHVF
    TFOEFS
    "OZ0CKFDU
    \
    
    
    JG
    MFU
    WD
    
    TFHVFEFTUJOBUJPO7JFX$POUSPMMFS
    BT
    /FYU7JFX$POUSPMMFS
    \
    
    
    
    
    MFU
    JUFN
    
    
    
    
    
    
    MFU
    JOKFDUPS
    
    USZ
    /FYU7JFX$PNQPOFOU JUFN
    JUFN CVJME
    
    
    
    
    JOKFDUPSJOKFDU1SPQFSUJFT JOUP
    WD
    
    
    ^
    ^

33. Mock Testing • API௨৴෦෼ͳͲΛϢχοτςετͷ࣌ʹ͸ϞοΫ࣮૷ʹࠩ ͠ସ͍͑ͨɻ • Cleanse͸ModuleΛOverride͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔͷͰϞοΫ ࣮૷ͱͷࠩ͠ସ͕͑༰қ͚ͩͲɾɾɾ TUSVDU
    'BLF.PEVMF
    
    0WFSSJEF.PEVMF
    \
    
    
    UZQFBMJBT
    0WFSSJEFT
    
    5XFFUFS$PNQPOFOU
    

    
    
    GVOD
    DPOGJHVSF#
    
    #JOEFS CJOEFS
    CJOEFS
    #
    \
    
    
    
    
    CJOEFSJOTUBMM NPEVMF
    'BLF5XJUUFS"QJ.PEVMF
    
    
    ^
    ^
    JG
    VTF'BLF.PEF
    \
    
    
    JOKFDUPS
    
    USZ
    $PNQPOFOU XJUI0WFSSJEFT PWFSSJEF.PEVMF
    'BLF.PEVMF CVJME
    ^
    FMTF
    \
    
    
    JOKFDUPS
    
    USZ
    $PNQPOFOU CVJME
    ^

34. Do Not Use Fake Mode • ίϯϙʔωϯτఆٛΛ্ॻ͖͢Δͷ͸ίϯϙʔωϯτؒͷґଘͷ ࿈࠯ΛಡΈͮΒ͘͢ΔͷͰΑ͘ͳ͍ʢCleanseͰ΋͜ͷػೳΛ࡟ আ͢ΔPR͕ग़ͯΔʣ •

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35. Swiftʹ͓͚Δݱ࣮తͳϞοΫ https://realm.io/jp/news/tryswift-veronica-ray-real-world-mocking-swift/

36. ·ͱΊ

37. ·ͱΊ • ෳࡶͳΞϓϦͰมߋʹڧ͍ΞʔΩςΫνϟΛ࡞ΔͨΊʹ͸· ͣɺίϯϙʔωϯτؒͷґଘΛഉআ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ॏཁɻDIʹ Αͬͯͦͷ౔৕Λ࡞Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ • SwiftͷProtocol΍ܕγεςϜΛ͏·͘࢖ͬͨDIϑϨʔϜϫʔ ΫΛ࠾༻͢ΔͱΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕ΑΓݎ࿚ʹͳΔ • ͍·ϓϩμΫγϣϯʹೖΕΔͳΒSwinject͕Αͦ͞͏͕ͩɺ

    Cleanse͸ΠϯλϑΣʔε͕Α͘Ͱ͖͍ͯΔͷͰظ଴͍ͨ͠

38. Improving Existing Apps with Modern Best Practices https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2016/213/