The Twelve-Factor App (and PHP on Heroku)

by David Zuelke

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THE TWELVE-FACTOR APP Best Practices for Modern PHP Applications

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David Zuelke

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David Zülke

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No content

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[email protected]

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@dzuelke

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“The Twelve-Factor App” is a manifesto, a methodology, a condensed collection of experiences.

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Its goals are scalability, maintainability, portability.

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I. CODEBASE One codebase, many deploys.

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I. CODEBASE One codebase, many deploys. Git, Mercurial, SVN, even CVS are okay. A samba share is never okay. Neither are ﬂoppy disks.

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II. DEPENDENCIES Applications have explicitly declared dependencies.

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II. DEPENDENCIES Applications have explicitly declared dependencies. $ cat composer.json { "require": { "php": ">=5.3.3", "ext-‐mcrypt": "*", "symfony/symfony": "~2.4.6", "doctrine/orm": "~2.2,>=2.2.3", "doctrine/doctrine-‐bundle": "~1.2", "twig/extensions": "~1.0", "symfony/monolog-‐bundle": "~2.4" } }

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III. CONFIGURATION Store conﬁg in the environment.

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III. CONFIGURATION Store conﬁg in the environment. Assumption: same code but different conﬁguration per deployment target

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III. CONFIGURATION Store conﬁg in the environment. $transport = Swift_SmtpTransport::newInstance( getenv('EMAIL_HOST'), getenv('EMAIL_PORT')?:25 ) -‐>setUsername(getenv('EMAIL_USERNAME')) -‐>setPassword(getenv('EMAIL_PASSWORD')) ; Assumption: same code but different conﬁguration per deployment target

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V. BUILD, RELEASE, RUN A build step vendors dependencies, prepares assets, etc. A release step creates a package from build and conﬁg. A runtime step executes, without special knowledge.

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V. BUILD, RELEASE, RUN A build step vendors dependencies, prepares assets, etc. A release step creates a package from build and conﬁg. A runtime step executes, without special knowledge.

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X. DEV/PROD PARITY Keep dev, stage and prod envs as similar as possible.

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X. DEV/PROD PARITY Keep dev, stage and prod envs as similar as possible. SQLite ≠ MySQL Apache ≠ Nginx File based sessions ≠ Redis based sessions

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X. DEV/PROD PARITY Keep dev, stage and prod envs as similar as possible. SQLite ≠ MySQL Apache ≠ Nginx File based sessions ≠ Redis based sessions If apt-‐get or brew don't get the job done: Vagrant is always your friend!

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XI. LOGGING Treat your logs as a stream of events.

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XI. LOGGING Treat your logs as a stream of events. Stop rotating logs and so forth in your app. Let the runtime worry about it. Log to STDOUT/STDERR. Centrally archive it.

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XII. ADMIN PROCESSES Management tasks like DB migrations are one-off processes.

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XII. ADMIN PROCESSES Management tasks like DB migrations are one-off processes. The same release, the same conﬁg, the same code!

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PHP ON HEROKU Putting it all together!

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$ heroku create $ git push heroku master -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> PHP app detected -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Setting up runtime environment... -‐ PHP 5.5.12 -‐ Apache 2.4.9 -‐ Nginx 1.4.6 -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Installing PHP extensions: -‐ opcache (automatic; bundled) -‐ memcached (composer.json; downloaded) -‐ intl (composer.json; bundled) -‐ newrelic (add-‐on detected; downloaded) -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Installing dependencies... Composer version 05d991 2014-‐04-‐29 12:36:19 Loading composer repositories with package information Installing dependencies from lock file -‐ Installing psr/log (1.0.0) Loading from cache -‐ Installing monolog/monolog (1.9.1) Loading from cache Generating optimized autoload files

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DEMO TIME!

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DEV/PROD PARITY

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heroku-‐python-‐app $ cat Procfile web: gunicorn hello:app

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heroku-‐ruby-‐app $ cat Procfile web: bundle exec unicorn -‐p $PORT -‐c ./config/unicorn.rb

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heroku-‐java-‐app $ cat Procfile web: java -‐jar target/dependency/jetty-‐runner.jar -‐-‐port $PORT target/*.war

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heroku-‐php-‐app $ cat Procfile web: php -‐S 0.0.0.0:$PORT

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PHP needs a dedicated web server

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heroku-‐php-‐app $ cat Procfile web: vendor/bin/heroku-‐php-‐nginx heroku-‐php-‐app $ composer require -‐-‐dev heroku/heroku-‐ buildpack-‐php ./composer.json has been updated Loading composer repositories with package information Updating dependencies (including require-‐dev) -‐ Installing heroku/heroku-‐buildpack-‐php (v15) Loading from cache Writing lock file Generating autoload files

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(only needed if you want to run things locally)

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heroku-‐php-‐app $ foreman start 17:47:26 web.1 | started with pid 70338 17:47:26 web.1 | Booting on port 5000... 17:47:26 web.1 | Using PHP-‐FPM configuration file 'vendor/ heroku/heroku-‐buildpack-‐php/conf/php/php-‐fpm.conf' 17:47:26 web.1 | Using PHP configuration (php.ini) file 'vendor/heroku/heroku-‐buildpack-‐php/conf/php/php.ini' 17:47:26 web.1 | Using Nginx server-‐level configuration include 'vendor/heroku/heroku-‐buildpack-‐php/conf/nginx/ default_include.conf' 17:47:27 web.1 | Using Nginx configuration file 'vendor/ heroku/heroku-‐buildpack-‐php/conf/nginx/heroku.conf.php' 17:47:27 web.1 | Interpreting vendor/heroku/heroku-‐buildpack-‐ php/conf/nginx/heroku.conf.php to heroku.conf 17:47:27 web.1 | Starting log redirection... 17:47:27 web.1 | Starting php-‐fpm... 17:47:27 web.1 | Starting nginx... 17:47:27 web.1 | [29-‐Apr-‐2014 17:47:27] NOTICE: [pool www] 'user' directive is ignored when FPM is not running as root 17:47:27 web.1 | [29-‐Apr-‐2014 17:47:27] NOTICE: [pool www] 'user' directive is ignored when FPM is not running as root 17:47:27 web.1 | [29-‐Apr-‐2014 17:47:27] NOTICE: fpm is running, pid 70379 17:47:27 web.1 | [29-‐Apr-‐2014 17:47:27] NOTICE: ready to handle connections

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ONE MORE THING...

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heroku-‐php-‐app $ git rm Procfile heroku-‐php-‐app $ hhvm `which composer` require hhvm 3.0.1 ./composer.json has been updated Loading composer repositories with package information Updating dependencies (including require-‐dev) Nothing to install or update Generating autoload files heroku-‐php-‐app $ git add composer.* heroku-‐php-‐app $ git ci -‐m 'use HHVM' heroku-‐php-‐app $ git push heroku master -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> PHP app detected -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Detected request for HHVM 3.0.1 in composer.json. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Setting up runtime environment... -‐ HHVM 3.0.1 -‐ Apache 2.4.9 -‐ Nginx 1.4.6 -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Building runtime environment... NOTICE: No Procfile, defaulting to 'web: vendor/bin/ heroku-‐hhvm-‐apache2'

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!e End

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THE TWELVE-FACTOR APP Further reading: http://12factor.net/ http://devcenter.heroku.com/categories/php I'm @dzuelke, thank you for listening :)