The Twelve-Factor App (and PHP on Heroku)

THE TWELVE-FACTOR APP
Best Practices for Modern PHP Applications

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David Zuelke

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David Zülke

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[email protected]

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@dzuelke

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“The Twelve-Factor App”
is
a manifesto,
a methodology,
a condensed collection of experiences.

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Its goals are
scalability,
maintainability,
portability.

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I. CODEBASE
One codebase, many deploys.

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I. CODEBASE
One codebase, many deploys.
Git, Mercurial, SVN, even CVS are okay.
A samba share is never okay.
Neither are ﬂoppy disks.

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II. DEPENDENCIES
Applications have explicitly declared dependencies.

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II. DEPENDENCIES
Applications have explicitly declared dependencies.
$ cat composer.json
{
"require": {
"php": ">=5.3.3",
"ext-‐mcrypt": "*",
"symfony/symfony": "~2.4.6",
"doctrine/orm": "~2.2,>=2.2.3",
"doctrine/doctrine-‐bundle": "~1.2",
"twig/extensions": "~1.0",
"symfony/monolog-‐bundle": "~2.4"
}
}

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III. CONFIGURATION
Store conﬁg in the environment.

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III. CONFIGURATION
Assumption:
same code but different conﬁguration per deployment target

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III. CONFIGURATION
$transport = Swift_SmtpTransport::newInstance(
getenv('EMAIL_HOST'), getenv('EMAIL_PORT')?:25
)
-‐>setUsername(getenv('EMAIL_USERNAME'))
-‐>setPassword(getenv('EMAIL_PASSWORD'))
;
Assumption:
same code but different conﬁguration per deployment target

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V. BUILD, RELEASE, RUN
A build step vendors dependencies, prepares assets, etc.
A release step creates a package from build and conﬁg.
A runtime step executes, without special knowledge.

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X. DEV/PROD PARITY
Keep dev, stage and prod envs as similar as possible.

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X. DEV/PROD PARITY
SQLite ≠ MySQL
Apache ≠ Nginx
File based sessions ≠ Redis based sessions

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X. DEV/PROD PARITY
SQLite ≠ MySQL
Apache ≠ Nginx
File based sessions ≠ Redis based sessions
If apt-‐get or brew don't get the job done:
Vagrant is always your friend!

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XI. LOGGING
Treat your logs as a stream of events.

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XI. LOGGING
Treat your logs as a stream of events.
Stop rotating logs and so forth in your app.
Let the runtime worry about it.
Log to STDOUT/STDERR.
Centrally archive it.

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XII. ADMIN PROCESSES
Management tasks like DB migrations are one-off processes.

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XII. ADMIN PROCESSES
Management tasks like DB migrations are one-off processes.
The same release,
the same conﬁg,
the same code!

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PHP ON HEROKU
Putting it all together!

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$ heroku create
$ git push heroku master
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> PHP app detected
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Setting up runtime environment...
-‐ PHP 5.5.12
-‐ Apache 2.4.9
-‐ Nginx 1.4.6
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Installing PHP extensions:
-‐ opcache (automatic; bundled)
-‐ memcached (composer.json; downloaded)
-‐ intl (composer.json; bundled)
-‐ newrelic (add-‐on detected; downloaded)
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Installing dependencies...
Composer version 05d991 2014-‐04-‐29 12:36:19
Loading composer repositories with package information
Installing dependencies from lock file
-‐ Installing psr/log (1.0.0)
Loading from cache

-‐ Installing monolog/monolog (1.9.1)
Loading from cache

Generating optimized autoload files

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DEMO TIME!

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DEV/PROD PARITY

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heroku-‐python-‐app $ cat Procfile
web: gunicorn hello:app

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heroku-‐ruby-‐app $ cat Procfile
web: bundle exec unicorn -‐p $PORT -‐c ./config/unicorn.rb

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heroku-‐java-‐app $ cat Procfile
web: java -‐jar target/dependency/jetty-‐runner.jar -‐-‐port $PORT
target/*.war

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heroku-‐php-‐app $ cat Procfile
web: php -‐S 0.0.0.0:$PORT

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PHP needs a dedicated web server

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heroku-‐php-‐app $ cat Procfile
web: vendor/bin/heroku-‐php-‐nginx
heroku-‐php-‐app $ composer require -‐-‐dev heroku/heroku-‐
buildpack-‐php
./composer.json has been updated
Updating dependencies (including require-‐dev)
-‐ Installing heroku/heroku-‐buildpack-‐php (v15)
Loading from cache
Writing lock file
Generating autoload files

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(only needed if you want to run things locally)

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heroku-‐php-‐app $ foreman start
17:47:26 web.1 | started with pid 70338
17:47:26 web.1 | Booting on port 5000...
17:47:26 web.1 | Using PHP-‐FPM configuration file 'vendor/
heroku/heroku-‐buildpack-‐php/conf/php/php-‐fpm.conf'
17:47:26 web.1 | Using PHP configuration (php.ini) file
'vendor/heroku/heroku-‐buildpack-‐php/conf/php/php.ini'
17:47:26 web.1 | Using Nginx server-‐level configuration
include 'vendor/heroku/heroku-‐buildpack-‐php/conf/nginx/
default_include.conf'
17:47:27 web.1 | Using Nginx configuration file 'vendor/
heroku/heroku-‐buildpack-‐php/conf/nginx/heroku.conf.php'
17:47:27 web.1 | Interpreting vendor/heroku/heroku-‐buildpack-‐
php/conf/nginx/heroku.conf.php to heroku.conf
17:47:27 web.1 | Starting log redirection...
17:47:27 web.1 | Starting php-‐fpm...
17:47:27 web.1 | Starting nginx...
17:47:27 web.1 | [29-‐Apr-‐2014 17:47:27] NOTICE: [pool www]
'user' directive is ignored when FPM is not running as root
17:47:27 web.1 | [29-‐Apr-‐2014 17:47:27] NOTICE: [pool www]
'user' directive is ignored when FPM is not running as root
17:47:27 web.1 | [29-‐Apr-‐2014 17:47:27] NOTICE: fpm is
running, pid 70379
17:47:27 web.1 | [29-‐Apr-‐2014 17:47:27] NOTICE: ready to
handle connections

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ONE MORE THING...

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heroku-‐php-‐app $ git rm Procfile
heroku-‐php-‐app $ hhvm `which composer` require hhvm 3.0.1
./composer.json has been updated
Updating dependencies (including require-‐dev)
Nothing to install or update
Generating autoload files
heroku-‐php-‐app $ git add composer.*
heroku-‐php-‐app $ git ci -‐m 'use HHVM'
heroku-‐php-‐app $ git push heroku master
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> PHP app detected
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Detected request for HHVM 3.0.1 in composer.json.
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Setting up runtime environment...
-‐ HHVM 3.0.1
-‐ Apache 2.4.9
-‐ Nginx 1.4.6
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Building runtime environment...
NOTICE: No Procfile, defaulting to 'web: vendor/bin/
heroku-‐hhvm-‐apache2'

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!e End

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THE TWELVE-FACTOR APP
Further reading:
http://12factor.net/
http://devcenter.heroku.com/categories/php
I'm @dzuelke, thank you for listening :)

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The Twelve-Factor App (and PHP on Heroku)

The Twelve-Factor App (and PHP on Heroku)

David Zuelke

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