Dissecting and Reconstructing Ruby Syntactic Structures

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Dissecting and Reconstructing RubySyntacticStructures @ydah / Yudai Takada RubyKaigi 2025ʔMatsuyama, Ehime Ehime Prefectural Convention Hall 17 April 2025

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"Dissecting and Reconstructing Ruby Syntactic Structures" ʔ @ydah PHP - stmt and expr https://github.com/php/php-src/blob/master/Zend/zend_language_parser.y statement: '{' inner_statement_list '}' { $$ = $2; } | if_stmt { $$ = $1; } | alt_if_stmt { $$ = $1; } | T_WHILE '(' expr ')' while_statement { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_WHILE, $3, $5); } | T_DO statement T_WHILE '(' expr ')' ';' { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_DO_WHILE, $2, $5); } | T_FOR '(' for_exprs ';' for_cond_exprs ';' for_exprs ')' for_statement { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_FOR, $3, $5, $7, $9); } | T_SWITCH '(' expr ')' switch_case_list { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_SWITCH, $3, $5); } | T_BREAK optional_expr ';' { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_BREAK, $2); } | T_CONTINUE optional_expr ';' { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_CONTINUE, $2); } | T_RETURN optional_expr ';' { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_RETURN, $2); } | T_GLOBAL global_var_list ';' { $$ = $2; } | T_STATIC static_var_list ';' { $$ = $2; } | T_ECHO echo_expr_list ';' { $$ = $2; } | T_INLINE_HTML { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_ECHO, $1); } | expr ';' { $$ = $1; } | T_UNSET '(' unset_variables possible_comma ')' ';' { $$ = $3; } | T_FOREACH '(' expr T_AS foreach_variable ')' foreach_statement { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_FOREACH, $3, $5, NULL, $7); } | T_FOREACH '(' expr T_AS foreach_variable T_DOUBLE_ARROW foreach_variable ')' foreach_statement { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_FOREACH, $3, $7, $5, $9); } | T_DECLARE '(' const_list ')' { if (!zend_handle_encoding_declaration($3)) { YYERROR; } } declare_statement { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_DECLARE, $3, $6); } | ';' / * empty statement * / { $$ = NULL; } | T_TRY '{' inner_statement_list '}' catch_list f i nally_statement { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_TRY, $3, $5, $6); } | T_GOTO T_STRING ';' { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_GOTO, $2); } | T_STRING ':' { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_LABEL, $1); } | T_VOID_CAST expr ';' { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_CAST_VOID, $2); } ; expr: variable { $$ = $1; } | T_LIST '(' array_pair_list ')' '=' expr { $3 - > attr = ZEND_ARRAY_SYNTAX_LIST; $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_ASSIGN, $3, $6); } | '[' array_pair_list ']' '=' expr { $2 - > attr = ZEND_ARRAY_SYNTAX_SHORT; $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_ASSIGN, $2, $5); } | variable '=' expr { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_ASSIGN, $1, $3); } | variable '=' ampersand variable { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_ASSIGN_REF, $1, $4); } | T_CLONE expr { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_CLONE, $2); } | variable T_PLUS_EQUAL expr { $$ = zend_ast_create_assign_op(ZEND_ADD, $1, $3); } | variable T_MINUS_EQUAL expr { $$ = zend_ast_create_assign_op(ZEND_SUB, $1, $3); } | variable T_MUL_EQUAL expr { $$ = zend_ast_create_assign_op(ZEND_MUL, $1, $3); } | variable T_POW_EQUAL expr { $$ = zend_ast_create_assign_op(ZEND_POW, $1, $3); } | variable T_DIV_EQUAL expr { $$ = zend_ast_create_assign_op(ZEND_DIV, $1, $3); } | variable T_CONCAT_EQUAL expr { $$ = zend_ast_create_assign_op(ZEND_CONCAT, $1, $3); } | variable T_MOD_EQUAL expr { $$ = zend_ast_create_assign_op(ZEND_MOD, $1, $3); } | variable T_AND_EQUAL expr { $$ = zend_ast_create_assign_op(ZEND_BW_AND, $1, $3); } | variable T_OR_EQUAL expr { $$ = zend_ast_create_assign_op(ZEND_BW_OR, $1, $3); } | variable T_XOR_EQUAL expr { $$ = zend_ast_create_assign_op(ZEND_BW_XOR, $1, $3); } | variable T_SL_EQUAL expr { $$ = zend_ast_create_assign_op(ZEND_SL, $1, $3); } | variable T_SR_EQUAL expr { $$ = zend_ast_create_assign_op(ZEND_SR, $1, $3); } | variable T_COALESCE_EQUAL expr { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_ASSIGN_COALESCE, $1, $3); } | variable T_INC { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_POST_INC, $1); } | T_INC variable { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_PRE_INC, $2); } | variable T_DEC { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_POST_DEC, $1); } | expr '>' expr { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_GREATER, $1, $3); } | expr T_IS_GREATER_OR_EQUAL expr { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_GREATER_EQUAL, $1, $3); } | expr T_SPACESHIP expr { $$ = zend_ast_create_binary_op(ZEND_SPACESHIP, $1, $3); } | expr T_INSTANCEOF class_name_reference { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_INSTANCEOF, $1, $3); } | '(' expr ')' { $$ = $2; if ($$ - > kind = = ZEND_AST_CONDITIONAL) $$ - > attr = ZEND_PARENTHESIZED_CONDITIONAL; } | new_dereferenceable { $$ = $1; } | new_non_dereferenceable { $$ = $1; } | expr '?' expr ':' expr { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_CONDITIONAL, $1, $3, $5); } | expr '?' ':' expr { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_CONDITIONAL, $1, NULL, $4); } | expr T_COALESCE expr { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_COALESCE, $1, $3); } | internal_functions_in_yacc { $$ = $1; } | T_INT_CAST expr { $$ = zend_ast_create_cast(IS_LONG, $2); } | T_DOUBLE_CAST expr { $$ = zend_ast_create_cast(IS_DOUBLE, $2); } | T_STRING_CAST expr { $$ = zend_ast_create_cast(IS_STRING, $2); } | T_ARRAY_CAST expr { $$ = zend_ast_create_cast(IS_ARRAY, $2); } | T_OBJECT_CAST expr { $$ = zend_ast_create_cast(IS_OBJECT, $2); } | T_BOOL_CAST expr { $$ = zend_ast_create_cast(_IS_BOOL, $2); } | T_UNSET_CAST expr { $$ = zend_ast_create_cast(IS_NULL, $2); } | T_EXIT ctor_arguments { zend_ast * name = zend_ast_create_zval_from_str(ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_EXIT)); name - > attr = ZEND_NAME_FQ; $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_CALL, name, $2); } | '@' expr { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_SILENCE, $2); } | scalar { $$ = $1; } | '`' backticks_expr '`' { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_SHELL_EXEC, $2); } | T_PRINT expr { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_PRINT, $2); } | T_YIELD { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_YIELD, NULL, NULL); CG(extra_fn_flags) |= ZEND_ACC_GENERATOR; } | T_YIELD expr { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_YIELD, $2, NULL); CG(extra_fn_flags) |= ZEND_ACC_GENERATOR; } | T_YIELD expr T_DOUBLE_ARROW expr { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_YIELD, $4, $2); CG(extra_fn_flags) |= ZEND_ACC_GENERATOR; } | T_YIELD_FROM expr { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_YIELD_FROM, $2); CG(extra_fn_flags) |= ZEND_ACC_GENERATOR; } | T_THROW expr { $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_THROW, $2); } | inline_function { $$ = $1; } | attributes inline_function { $$ = zend_ast_with_attributes($2, $1); } | T_STATIC inline_function { $$ = $2; ((zend_ast_decl *) $$) - > flags |= ZEND_ACC_STATIC; } | attributes T_STATIC inline_function { $$ = zend_ast_with_attributes($3, $1); ((zend_ast_decl *) $$) - > flags |= ZEND_ACC_STATIC; } | match { $$ = $1; } ;

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"Dissecting and Reconstructing Ruby Syntactic Structures" ʔ @ydah Perl - stmt and expr https://github.com/Perl/perl5/blob/blead/perly.y barestmt: PLUGSTMT { $$ = $PLUGSTMT; } | KW_FORMAT startformsub formname formblock { CV * fmtcv = PL_compcv; newFORM($startformsub, $formname, $formblock); $$ = NULL; if (CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv) & & !CvEVAL(CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv))) { pad_add_weakref(fmtcv); } parser - > parsed_sub = 1; } | KW_SUB_named subname startsub / * sub declaration or def i nition not within scope of 'use feature "signatures"' * / { init_named_cv(PL_compcv, $subname); parser - > in_my = 0; parser - > in_my_stash = NULL; } proto subattrlist optsubbody { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv); $subname - > op_type = = OP_CONST ? newATTRSUB($startsub, $subname, $proto, $subattrlist, $optsubbody) : newMYSUB($startsub, $subname, $proto, $subattrlist, $optsubbody) ; $$ = NULL; intro_my(); parser - > parsed_sub = 1; } | sigsub_or_method_named subname startsub / * sub declaration or def i nition under 'use feature * "signatures"'. (Note that a signature isn't * allowed in a declaration) * / { init_named_cv(PL_compcv, $subname); if($sigsub_or_method_named = = KW_METHOD_named) { croak_kw_unless_class("method"); class_prepare_method_parse(PL_compcv); } parser - > in_my = 0; parser - > in_my_stash = NULL; } subattrlist optsigsubbody { OP * body = $optsigsubbody; SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv); $subname - > op_type = = OP_CONST ? newATTRSUB($startsub, $subname, NULL, $subattrlist, body) : newMYSUB( $startsub, $subname, NULL, $subattrlist, body) ; $$ = NULL; intro_my(); parser - > parsed_sub = 1; } | PHASER startsub { switch($PHASER) { case KEY_ADJUST : croak_kw_unless_class("ADJUST"); class_prepare_method_parse(PL_compcv); break; default: NOT_REACHED; } } optsubbody { OP * body = $optsubbody; SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv); CV * cv; switch($PHASER) { case KEY_ADJUST : cv = newATTRSUB($startsub, NULL, NULL, NULL, body); class_add_ADJUST(PL_curstash, cv); break; } $$ = NULL; } | KW_PACKAGE BAREWORD[version] BAREWORD[package] PERLY_SEMICOLON / * version and package appear in the reverse order to what may be * expected, because toke.c has already pushed both of them to a stack * by calling force_next() from within force_version(). * When the parser pops them back out again they appear swapped * / { package($package); if ($version) package_version($version); $$ = NULL; } | KW_CLASS BAREWORD[version] BAREWORD[package] subattrlist PERLY_SEMICOLON { package($package); if ($version) package_version($version); $$ = NULL; class_setup_stash(PL_curstash); if ($subattrlist) { class_apply_attributes(PL_curstash, $subattrlist); } } | KW_USE_or_NO startsub { CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv); / * It's a BEGIN {} * / } BAREWORD[version] BAREWORD[module] optlistexpr PERLY_SEMICOLON / * version and package appear in reverse order for the same reason as * KW_PACKAGE; see comment above * / { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv); utilize($KW_USE_or_NO, $startsub, $version, $module, $optlistexpr); parser - > parsed_sub = 1; $$ = NULL; } | KW_IF PERLY_PAREN_OPEN remember mexpr PERLY_PAREN_CLOSE mblock else { $$ = block_end($remember, newCONDOP(0, $mexpr, op_scope($mblock), $else)); parser - > copline = (line_t)$KW_IF; } | KW_UNLESS PERLY_PAREN_OPEN remember mexpr PERLY_PAREN_CLOSE mblock else { $$ = block_end($remember, newCONDOP(0, $mexpr, $else, op_scope($mblock))); parser - > copline = (line_t)$KW_UNLESS; } | KW_GIVEN PERLY_PAREN_OPEN remember mexpr PERLY_PAREN_CLOSE mblock { $$ = block_end($remember, newGIVENOP($mexpr, op_scope($mblock), 0)); parser - > copline = (line_t)$KW_GIVEN; } | KW_WHEN PERLY_PAREN_OPEN remember mexpr PERLY_PAREN_CLOSE mblock { $$ = block_end($remember, newWHENOP($mexpr, op_scope($mblock))); } | KW_DEFAULT block { $$ = newWHENOP(0, op_scope($block)); } | KW_WHILE PERLY_PAREN_OPEN remember texpr PERLY_PAREN_CLOSE mintro mblock cont { $$ = block_end($remember, newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL, $texpr, $mblock, $cont, $mintro)); parser - > copline = (line_t)$KW_WHILE; } | KW_UNTIL PERLY_PAREN_OPEN remember iexpr PERLY_PAREN_CLOSE mintro mblock cont { $$ = block_end($remember, newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL, $iexpr, $mblock, $cont, $mintro)); parser - > copline = (line_t)$KW_UNTIL; } | KW_FOR PERLY_PAREN_OPEN remember mnexpr[init_mnexpr] PERLY_SEMICOLON { parser - > expect = XTERM; } texpr PERLY_SEMICOLON { parser - > expect = XTERM; } mintro mnexpr[iterate_mnexpr] PERLY_PAREN_CLOSE mblock { OP * initop = $init_mnexpr; OP * forop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL, scalar($texpr), $mblock, $iterate_mnexpr, $mintro); if (initop) { forop = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, initop, op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, newOP(OP_UNSTACK, OPf_SPECIAL), forop)); } PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; $$ = block_end($remember, forop); parser - > copline = (line_t)$KW_FOR; } barestmt: PLUGSTMT | KW_PACKAGE BAREWORD[version] BAREWORD[package] PERLY_SEMICOLON / * version and package appear in the reverse order to what may be * expected, because toke.c has already pushed both of them to a stack * by calling force_next() from within force_version(). * When the parser pops them back out again they appear swapped * / { package($package); if ($version) package_version($version); $$ = NULL; } | KW_CLASS BAREWORD[version] BAREWORD[package] subattrlist PERLY_SEMICOLON { package($package); if ($version) package_version($version); $$ = NULL; class_setup_stash(PL_curstash); if ($subattrlist) { class_apply_attributes(PL_curstash, $subattrlist); } } | KW_USE_or_NO startsub { CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv); / * It's a BEGIN {} * / } BAREWORD[version] BAREWORD[module] optlistexpr PERLY_SEMICOLON / * version and package appear in reverse order for the same reason as * KW_PACKAGE; see comment above * / { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv); utilize($KW_USE_or_NO, $startsub, $version, $module, $optlistexpr); parser - > parsed_sub = 1; $$ = NULL; } | KW_IF PERLY_PAREN_OPEN remember mexpr PERLY_PAREN_CLOSE mblock else { $$ = block_end($remember, newCONDOP(0, $mexpr, op_scope($mblock), $else)); parser - > copline = (line_t)$KW_IF; } | KW_UNLESS PERLY_PAREN_OPEN remember mexpr PERLY_PAREN_CLOSE mblock else { $$ = block_end($remember, newCONDOP(0, $mexpr, $else, op_scope($mblock))); parser - > copline = (line_t)$KW_UNLESS; } | KW_GIVEN PERLY_PAREN_OPEN remember mexpr PERLY_PAREN_CLOSE mblock { $$ = block_end($remember, newGIVENOP($mexpr, op_scope($mblock), 0)); parser - > copline = (line_t)$KW_GIVEN; } | KW_WHEN PERLY_PAREN_OPEN remember mexpr PERLY_PAREN_CLOSE mblock { $$ = block_end($remember, newWHENOP($mexpr, op_scope($mblock))); } | KW_DEFAULT block { $$ = newWHENOP(0, op_scope($block)); } | KW_WHILE PERLY_PAREN_OPEN remember texpr PERLY_PAREN_CLOSE mintro mblock cont { $$ = block_end($remember, newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL, $texpr, $mblock, $cont, $mintro)); parser - > copline = (line_t)$KW_WHILE; } | KW_UNTIL PERLY_PAREN_OPEN remember iexpr PERLY_PAREN_CLOSE mintro mblock cont { $$ = block_end($remember, newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL, $iexpr, $mblock, $cont, $mintro)); parser - > copline = (line_t)$KW_UNTIL; } | KW_FOR PERLY_PAREN_OPEN remember mnexpr[init_mnexpr] PERLY_SEMICOLON { parser - > expect = XTERM; } texpr PERLY_SEMICOLON { parser - > expect = XTERM; } mintro mnexpr[iterate_mnexpr] PERLY_PAREN_CLOSE mblock { OP * initop = $init_mnexpr; OP * forop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL, scalar($texpr), $mblock, $iterate_mnexpr, $mintro); if (initop) { forop = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, initop, op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, newOP(OP_UNSTACK, OPf_SPECIAL), forop)); } PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; $$ = block_end($remember, forop); parser - > copline = (line_t)$KW_FOR; } | KW_FOR KW_MY remember my_scalar PERLY_PAREN_OPEN mexpr PERLY_PAREN_CLOSE mblock cont { $$ = block_end($remember, newFOROP(0, $my_scalar, $mexpr, $mblock, $cont)); parser - > copline = (line_t)$KW_FOR; } | KW_FOR KW_MY remember PERLY_PAREN_OPEN my_list_of_scalars PERLY_PAREN_CLOSE PERLY_PAREN_OPEN mexpr PERLY_PAREN_CLOSE mblock cont { if ($my_list_of_scalars - > op_type = = OP_PADSV) / * degenerate case of 1 var: for my ($x) .... F l ag it so it can be special - cased in newFOROP * / $my_list_of_scalars - > op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; $$ = block_end($remember, newFOROP(0, $my_list_of_scalars, $mexpr, $mblock, $cont)); parser - > copline = (line_t)$KW_FOR; } | KW_FOR scalar PERLY_PAREN_OPEN remember mexpr PERLY_PAREN_CLOSE mblock cont { $$ = block_end($remember, newFOROP(0, op_lvalue($scalar, OP_ENTERLOOP), $mexpr, $mblock, $cont)); parser - > copline = (line_t)$KW_FOR; barestmt: PLUGSTMT { $$ = $PLUGSTMT; } | KW_FORMAT startformsub formname formblock { CV * fmtcv = PL_compcv; newFORM($startformsub, $formname, $formblock); $$ = NULL; if (CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv) & & !CvEVAL(CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv))) { pad_add_weakref(fmtcv); } parser - > parsed_sub = 1; } | KW_SUB_named subname startsub / * sub declaration or def i nition not within scope of 'use feature "signatures"' * / { init_named_cv(PL_compcv, $subname); parser - > in_my = 0; parser - > in_my_stash = NULL; } proto subattrlist optsubbody { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv); $subname - > op_type = = OP_CONST ? newATTRSUB($startsub, $subname, $proto, $subattrlist, $optsubbody) : newMYSUB($startsub, $subname, $proto, $subattrlist, $optsubbody) ; $$ = NULL; intro_my(); parser - > parsed_sub = 1; } expr : expr[lhs] ANDOP expr[rhs] { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $lhs, $rhs); } | expr[lhs] PLUGIN_LOGICAL_AND_LOW_OP[op] expr[rhs] { $$ = build_inf i x_plugin($lhs, $rhs, $op); } | expr[lhs] OROP[operator] expr[rhs] { $$ = newLOGOP($operator, 0, $lhs, $rhs); } | expr[lhs] PLUGIN_LOGICAL_OR_LOW_OP[op] expr[rhs] { $$ = build_inf i x_plugin($lhs, $rhs, $op); } | listexpr %prec PREC_LOW ;

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"Dissecting and Reconstructing Ruby Syntactic Structures" ʔ @ydah Ruby - stmt and expr https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/master/parse.y stmt : keyword_alias f i tem {SET_LEX_STATE(EXPR_FNAME|EXPR_FITEM);} f i tem { $$ = NEW_ALIAS($2, $4, &@$, &@1); / * % ripper: alias!($ : 2, $ : 4) % * / } | keyword_alias tGVAR tGVAR { $$ = NEW_VALIAS($2, $3, &@$, &@1); / * % ripper: var_alias!($ : 2, $ : 3) % * / } | keyword_alias tGVAR tBACK_REF { char buf[2]; buf[0] = '$'; buf[1] = (char)RNODE_BACK_REF($3) - > nd_nth; $$ = NEW_VALIAS($2, rb_intern2(buf, 2), &@$, &@1); / * % ripper: var_alias!($ : 2, $ : 3) % * / } | keyword_alias tGVAR tNTH_REF { static const char mesg[] = "can't make alias for the number variables"; / * %%% * / yyerror1(&@3, mesg); / * % % * / $$ = NEW_ERROR(&@$); / * % ripper[error] : alias_error!(ERR_MESG(), $ : 3) % * / } | keyword_undef undef_list { nd_set_f i rst_loc($2, @1.beg_pos); RNODE_UNDEF($2) - > keyword_loc = @1; $$ = $2; / * % ripper: undef!($ : 2) % * / } | stmt modif i er_if expr_value { $$ = new_if(p, $3, remove_begin($1), 0, &@$, &@2, &NULL_LOC, &NULL_LOC); f i xpos($$, $3); / * % ripper: if_mod!($ : 3, $ : 1) % * / } | stmt modif i er_unless expr_value { $$ = new_unless(p, $3, remove_begin($1), 0, &@$, &@2, &NULL_LOC, &NULL_LOC); f i xpos($$, $3); / * % ripper: unless_mod!($ : 3, $ : 1) % * / } | stmt modif i er_while expr_value { clear_block_exit(p, false); if ($1 & & nd_type_p($1, NODE_BEGIN)) { $$ = NEW_WHILE(cond(p, $3, &@3), RNODE_BEGIN($1) - > nd_body, 0, &@$, &@2, &NULL_LOC); } else { $$ = NEW_WHILE(cond(p, $3, &@3), $1, 1, &@$, &@2, &NULL_LOC); } / * % ripper: while_mod!($ : 3, $ : 1) % * / } | stmt modif i er_until expr_value { clear_block_exit(p, false); if ($1 & & nd_type_p($1, NODE_BEGIN)) { $$ = NEW_UNTIL(cond(p, $3, &@3), RNODE_BEGIN($1) - > nd_body, 0, &@$, &@2, &NULL_LOC); } else { $$ = NEW_UNTIL(cond(p, $3, &@3), $1, 1, &@$, &@2, &NULL_LOC); } / * % ripper: until_mod!($ : 3, $ : 1) % * / } | stmt modif i er_rescue after_rescue stmt { p - > ctxt.in_rescue = $3.in_rescue; NODE * resq; YYLTYPE loc = code_loc_gen(&@2, &@4); resq = NEW_RESBODY(0, 0, remove_begin($4), 0, &loc); $$ = NEW_RESCUE(remove_begin($1), resq, 0, &@$); / * % ripper: rescue_mod!($ : 1, $ : 4) % * / } | k_END allow_exits '{' compstmt(stmts) '}' { if (p - > ctxt.in_def) { rb_warn0("END in method; use at_exit"); } restore_block_exit(p, $allow_exits); p - > ctxt = $k_END; { NODE * scope = NEW_SCOPE2(0 / * tbl * / , 0 / * args * / , $compstmt / * body * / , &@$); $$ = NEW_POSTEXE(scope, &@$, &@1, &@3, &@5); } / * % ripper: END!($:compstmt) % * / } | command_asgn | mlhs '=' lex_ctxt command_call_value { $$ = node_assign(p, (NODE *)$1, $4, $3, &@$); / * % ripper: massign!($ : 1, $ : 4) % * / } | asgn(mrhs) | mlhs '=' lex_ctxt mrhs_arg modif i er_rescue after_rescue stmt[resbody] { p - > ctxt.in_rescue = $3.in_rescue; YYLTYPE loc = code_loc_gen(&@modif i er_rescue, &@resbody); $resbody = NEW_RESBODY(0, 0, remove_begin($resbody), 0, &loc); loc.beg_pos = @mrhs_arg.beg_pos; $mrhs_arg = NEW_RESCUE($mrhs_arg, $resbody, 0, &loc); $$ = node_assign(p, (NODE *)$mlhs, $mrhs_arg, $lex_ctxt, &@$); / * % ripper: massign!($ : 1, rescue_mod!($ : 4, $ : 7)) % * / } | mlhs '=' lex_ctxt mrhs_arg { $$ = node_assign(p, (NODE *)$1, $4, $3, &@$); / * % ripper: massign!($ : 1, $ : 4) % * / } | expr | error { (void)yynerrs; $$ = NEW_ERROR(&@$); } ; expr : command_call | expr keyword_and expr { $$ = logop(p, idAND, $1, $3, &@2, &@$); / * % ripper: binary!($ : 1, ID2VAL(idAND), $ : 3) % * / } | expr keyword_or expr { $$ = logop(p, idOR, $1, $3, &@2, &@$); / * % ripper: binary!($ : 1, ID2VAL(idOR), $ : 3) % * / } | keyword_not '\n'? expr { $$ = call_uni_op(p, method_cond(p, $3, &@3), METHOD_NOT, &@1, &@$); / * % ripper: unary!(ID2VAL(idNOT), $ : 3) % * / } | '!' command_call { $$ = call_uni_op(p, method_cond(p, $2, &@2), '!', &@1, &@$); / * % ripper: unary!(ID2VAL('\'!\''), $ : 2) % * / } | arg tASSOC { value_expr($arg); } p_in_kwarg[ctxt] p_pvtbl p_pktbl p_top_expr_body[body] { pop_pktbl(p, $p_pktbl); pop_pvtbl(p, $p_pvtbl); p - > ctxt.in_kwarg = $ctxt.in_kwarg; $$ = NEW_CASE3($arg, NEW_IN($body, 0, 0, &@body), &@$, &NULL_LOC, &NULL_LOC); / * % ripper: case!($:arg, in!($:body, Qnil, Qnil)) % * / } | arg keyword_in { value_expr($arg); } p_in_kwarg[ctxt] p_pvtbl p_pktbl p_top_expr_body[body] { pop_pktbl(p, $p_pktbl); pop_pvtbl(p, $p_pvtbl); p - > ctxt.in_kwarg = $ctxt.in_kwarg; $$ = NEW_CASE3($arg, NEW_IN($body, NEW_TRUE(&@body), NEW_FALSE(&@body), &@body), &@$, &NULL_LOC, &NULL_LOC); / * % ripper: case!($:arg, in!($:body, Qnil, Qnil)) % * / } | arg %prec tLBRACE_ARG ;

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"Dissecting and Reconstructing Ruby Syntactic Structures" ʔ @ydah Actual result command_asgn: lhs '=' lex_ctxt command_rhs { $$ = node_assign(p, $1, $4, $3, &@$); / * % ripper: assign!($ : 1, $ : 4) % * / } | var_lhs tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { $$ = new_op_assign(p, $1, $2, $4, $3, &@$); / * % ripper: opassign!($ : 1, $ : 2, $ : 4) % * / } | primary_value '[' opt_call_args rbracket tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { $$ = new_ary_op_assign(p, $1, $3, $5, $7, &@3, &@$, &NULL_LOC, &@2, &@4, &@5); / * % ripper: opassign!(aref_f i eld!($ : 1, $ : 3), $ : 5, $ : 7) % * / } | primary_value call_op ident_or_const tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { $$ = new_attr_op_assign(p, $1, $2, $3, $4, $6, &@$, &@2, &@3, &@4); / * % ripper: opassign!(f i eld!($ : 1, $ : 2, $ : 3), $ : 4, $ : 6) % * / } | primary_value tCOLON2 tCONSTANT tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { YYLTYPE loc = code_loc_gen(&@1, &@3); $$ = new_const_op_assign(p, NEW_COLON2($1, $3, &loc), $4, $6, $5, &@$); / * % ripper: opassign!(const_path_f i eld!($ : 1, $ : 3), $ : 4, $ : 6) % * / } | primary_value tCOLON2 tIDENTIFIER tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { $$ = new_attr_op_assign(p, $1, idCOLON2, $3, $4, $6, &@$, &@2, &@3, &@4); / * % ripper: opassign!(f i eld!($ : 1, $ : 2, $ : 3), $ : 4, $ : 6) % * / } | defn_head[head] f_opt_paren_args[args] '=' endless_command[bodystmt] { endless_method_name(p, $head - > nd_mid, &@head); restore_defun(p, $head); $bodystmt = new_scope_body(p, $args, $bodystmt, &@$); ($$ = $head - > nd_def) - > nd_loc = @$; RNODE_DEFN($$) - > nd_defn = $bodystmt; / * % ripper: bodystmt!($:bodystmt, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil) % * / / * % ripper: def!($:head, $:args, $:$) % * / local_pop(p); } | defs_head[head] f_opt_paren_args[args] '=' endless_command[bodystmt] { endless_method_name(p, $head - > nd_mid, &@head); restore_defun(p, $head); $bodystmt = new_scope_body(p, $args, $bodystmt, &@$); ($$ = $head - > nd_def) - > nd_loc = @$; RNODE_DEFS($$) - > nd_defn = $bodystmt; / * % ripper: bodystmt!($:bodystmt, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil) % * / / * % ripper: defs!(*$:head[0 . . 2], $:args, $:$) % * / local_pop(p); } | backref tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { VALUE MAYBE_UNUSED(e) = rb_backref_error(p, $1); $$ = NEW_ERROR(&@$); / * % ripper[error] : assign_error!(?e, opassign!(var_f i eld!($ : 1), $ : 2, $ : 4)) % * / } ;

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"Dissecting and Reconstructing Ruby Syntactic Structures" ʔ @ydah Assignment command_asgn: lhs '=' lex_ctxt command_rhs { $$ = node_assign(p, $1, $4, $3, &@$); / * % ripper: assign!($ : 1, $ : 4) % * / } | var_lhs tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { $$ = new_op_assign(p, $1, $2, $4, $3, &@$); / * % ripper: opassign!($ : 1, $ : 2, $ : 4) % * / } | primary_value '[' opt_call_args rbracket tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { $$ = new_ary_op_assign(p, $1, $3, $5, $7, &@3, &@$, &NULL_LOC, &@2, &@4, &@5); / * % ripper: opassign!(aref_f i eld!($ : 1, $ : 3), $ : 5, $ : 7) % * / } | primary_value call_op ident_or_const tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { $$ = new_attr_op_assign(p, $1, $2, $3, $4, $6, &@$, &@2, &@3, &@4); / * % ripper: opassign!(f i eld!($ : 1, $ : 2, $ : 3), $ : 4, $ : 6) % * / } | primary_value tCOLON2 tCONSTANT tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { YYLTYPE loc = code_loc_gen(&@1, &@3); $$ = new_const_op_assign(p, NEW_COLON2($1, $3, &loc), $4, $6, $5, &@$); / * % ripper: opassign!(const_path_f i eld!($ : 1, $ : 3), $ : 4, $ : 6) % * / } | primary_value tCOLON2 tIDENTIFIER tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { $$ = new_attr_op_assign(p, $1, idCOLON2, $3, $4, $6, &@$, &@2, &@3, &@4); / * % ripper: opassign!(f i eld!($ : 1, $ : 2, $ : 3), $ : 4, $ : 6) % * / } | defn_head[head] f_opt_paren_args[args] '=' endless_command[bodystmt] { endless_method_name(p, $head - > nd_mid, &@head); restore_defun(p, $head); $bodystmt = new_scope_body(p, $args, $bodystmt, &@$); ($$ = $head - > nd_def) - > nd_loc = @$; RNODE_DEFN($$) - > nd_defn = $bodystmt; / * % ripper: bodystmt!($:bodystmt, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil) % * / / * % ripper: def!($:head, $:args, $:$) % * / local_pop(p); } | defs_head[head] f_opt_paren_args[args] '=' endless_command[bodystmt] { endless_method_name(p, $head - > nd_mid, &@head); restore_defun(p, $head); $bodystmt = new_scope_body(p, $args, $bodystmt, &@$); ($$ = $head - > nd_def) - > nd_loc = @$; RNODE_DEFS($$) - > nd_defn = $bodystmt; / * % ripper: bodystmt!($:bodystmt, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil) % * / / * % ripper: defs!(*$:head[0 . . 2], $:args, $:$) % * / local_pop(p); } | backref tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { VALUE MAYBE_UNUSED(e) = rb_backref_error(p, $1); $$ = NEW_ERROR(&@$); / * % ripper[error] : assign_error!(?e, opassign!(var_f i eld!($ : 1), $ : 2, $ : 4)) % * / } ;

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"Dissecting and Reconstructing Ruby Syntactic Structures" ʔ @ydah Operator assignment command_asgn: lhs '=' lex_ctxt command_rhs { $$ = node_assign(p, $1, $4, $3, &@$); / * % ripper: assign!($ : 1, $ : 4) % * / } | var_lhs tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { $$ = new_op_assign(p, $1, $2, $4, $3, &@$); / * % ripper: opassign!($ : 1, $ : 2, $ : 4) % * / } | primary_value '[' opt_call_args rbracket tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { $$ = new_ary_op_assign(p, $1, $3, $5, $7, &@3, &@$, &NULL_LOC, &@2, &@4, &@5); / * % ripper: opassign!(aref_f i eld!($ : 1, $ : 3), $ : 5, $ : 7) % * / } | primary_value call_op ident_or_const tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { $$ = new_attr_op_assign(p, $1, $2, $3, $4, $6, &@$, &@2, &@3, &@4); / * % ripper: opassign!(f i eld!($ : 1, $ : 2, $ : 3), $ : 4, $ : 6) % * / } | primary_value tCOLON2 tCONSTANT tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { YYLTYPE loc = code_loc_gen(&@1, &@3); $$ = new_const_op_assign(p, NEW_COLON2($1, $3, &loc), $4, $6, $5, &@$); / * % ripper: opassign!(const_path_f i eld!($ : 1, $ : 3), $ : 4, $ : 6) % * / } | primary_value tCOLON2 tIDENTIFIER tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { $$ = new_attr_op_assign(p, $1, idCOLON2, $3, $4, $6, &@$, &@2, &@3, &@4); / * % ripper: opassign!(f i eld!($ : 1, $ : 2, $ : 3), $ : 4, $ : 6) % * / } | defn_head[head] f_opt_paren_args[args] '=' endless_command[bodystmt] { endless_method_name(p, $head - > nd_mid, &@head); restore_defun(p, $head); $bodystmt = new_scope_body(p, $args, $bodystmt, &@$); ($$ = $head - > nd_def) - > nd_loc = @$; RNODE_DEFN($$) - > nd_defn = $bodystmt; / * % ripper: bodystmt!($:bodystmt, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil) % * / / * % ripper: def!($:head, $:args, $:$) % * / local_pop(p); } | defs_head[head] f_opt_paren_args[args] '=' endless_command[bodystmt] { endless_method_name(p, $head - > nd_mid, &@head); restore_defun(p, $head); $bodystmt = new_scope_body(p, $args, $bodystmt, &@$); ($$ = $head - > nd_def) - > nd_loc = @$; RNODE_DEFS($$) - > nd_defn = $bodystmt; / * % ripper: bodystmt!($:bodystmt, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil) % * / / * % ripper: defs!(*$:head[0 . . 2], $:args, $:$) % * / local_pop(p); } | backref tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { VALUE MAYBE_UNUSED(e) = rb_backref_error(p, $1); $$ = NEW_ERROR(&@$); / * % ripper[error] : assign_error!(?e, opassign!(var_f i eld!($ : 1), $ : 2, $ : 4)) % * / } ;

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"Dissecting and Reconstructing Ruby Syntactic Structures" ʔ @ydah Endless method de fi nition command_asgn: lhs '=' lex_ctxt command_rhs { $$ = node_assign(p, $1, $4, $3, &@$); / * % ripper: assign!($ : 1, $ : 4) % * / } | var_lhs tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { $$ = new_op_assign(p, $1, $2, $4, $3, &@$); / * % ripper: opassign!($ : 1, $ : 2, $ : 4) % * / } | primary_value '[' opt_call_args rbracket tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { $$ = new_ary_op_assign(p, $1, $3, $5, $7, &@3, &@$, &NULL_LOC, &@2, &@4, &@5); / * % ripper: opassign!(aref_f i eld!($ : 1, $ : 3), $ : 5, $ : 7) % * / } | primary_value call_op ident_or_const tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { $$ = new_attr_op_assign(p, $1, $2, $3, $4, $6, &@$, &@2, &@3, &@4); / * % ripper: opassign!(f i eld!($ : 1, $ : 2, $ : 3), $ : 4, $ : 6) % * / } | primary_value tCOLON2 tCONSTANT tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { YYLTYPE loc = code_loc_gen(&@1, &@3); $$ = new_const_op_assign(p, NEW_COLON2($1, $3, &loc), $4, $6, $5, &@$); / * % ripper: opassign!(const_path_f i eld!($ : 1, $ : 3), $ : 4, $ : 6) % * / } | primary_value tCOLON2 tIDENTIFIER tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { $$ = new_attr_op_assign(p, $1, idCOLON2, $3, $4, $6, &@$, &@2, &@3, &@4); / * % ripper: opassign!(f i eld!($ : 1, $ : 2, $ : 3), $ : 4, $ : 6) % * / } | defn_head[head] f_opt_paren_args[args] '=' endless_command[bodystmt] { endless_method_name(p, $head - > nd_mid, &@head); restore_defun(p, $head); $bodystmt = new_scope_body(p, $args, $bodystmt, &@$); ($$ = $head - > nd_def) - > nd_loc = @$; RNODE_DEFN($$) - > nd_defn = $bodystmt; / * % ripper: bodystmt!($:bodystmt, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil) % * / / * % ripper: def!($:head, $:args, $:$) % * / local_pop(p); } | defs_head[head] f_opt_paren_args[args] '=' endless_command[bodystmt] { endless_method_name(p, $head - > nd_mid, &@head); restore_defun(p, $head); $bodystmt = new_scope_body(p, $args, $bodystmt, &@$); ($$ = $head - > nd_def) - > nd_loc = @$; RNODE_DEFS($$) - > nd_defn = $bodystmt; / * % ripper: bodystmt!($:bodystmt, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil) % * / / * % ripper: defs!(*$:head[0 . . 2], $:args, $:$) % * / local_pop(p); } | backref tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { VALUE MAYBE_UNUSED(e) = rb_backref_error(p, $1); $$ = NEW_ERROR(&@$); / * % ripper[error] : assign_error!(?e, opassign!(var_f i eld!($ : 1), $ : 2, $ : 4)) % * / } ;

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"Dissecting and Reconstructing Ruby Syntactic Structures" ʔ @ydah Actual result command_asgn : asgn(command_rhs) | op_asgn(command_rhs) | def_endless_method(endless_command) ; command_asgn: lhs '=' lex_ctxt command_rhs { $$ = node_assign(p, $1, $4, $3, &@$); / * % ripper: assign!($ : 1, $ : 4) % * / } | var_lhs tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { $$ = new_op_assign(p, $1, $2, $4, $3, &@$); / * % ripper: opassign!($ : 1, $ : 2, $ : 4) % * / } | primary_value '[' opt_call_args rbracket tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { $$ = new_ary_op_assign(p, $1, $3, $5, $7, &@3, &@$, &NULL_LOC, &@2, &@4, &@5); / * % ripper: opassign!(aref_f i eld!($ : 1, $ : 3), $ : 5, $ : 7) % * / } | primary_value call_op ident_or_const tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { $$ = new_attr_op_assign(p, $1, $2, $3, $4, $6, &@$, &@2, &@3, &@4); / * % ripper: opassign!(f i eld!($ : 1, $ : 2, $ : 3), $ : 4, $ : 6) % * / } | primary_value tCOLON2 tCONSTANT tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { YYLTYPE loc = code_loc_gen(&@1, &@3); $$ = new_const_op_assign(p, NEW_COLON2($1, $3, &loc), $4, $6, $5, &@$); / * % ripper: opassign!(const_path_f i eld!($ : 1, $ : 3), $ : 4, $ : 6) % * / } | primary_value tCOLON2 tIDENTIFIER tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { $$ = new_attr_op_assign(p, $1, idCOLON2, $3, $4, $6, &@$, &@2, &@3, &@4); / * % ripper: opassign!(f i eld!($ : 1, $ : 2, $ : 3), $ : 4, $ : 6) % * / } | defn_head[head] f_opt_paren_args[args] '=' endless_command[bodystmt] { endless_method_name(p, $head - > nd_mid, &@head); restore_defun(p, $head); $bodystmt = new_scope_body(p, $args, $bodystmt, &@$); ($$ = $head - > nd_def) - > nd_loc = @$; RNODE_DEFN($$) - > nd_defn = $bodystmt; / * % ripper: bodystmt!($:bodystmt, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil) % * / / * % ripper: def!($:head, $:args, $:$) % * / local_pop(p); } | defs_head[head] f_opt_paren_args[args] '=' endless_command[bodystmt] { endless_method_name(p, $head - > nd_mid, &@head); restore_defun(p, $head); $bodystmt = new_scope_body(p, $args, $bodystmt, &@$); ($$ = $head - > nd_def) - > nd_loc = @$; RNODE_DEFS($$) - > nd_defn = $bodystmt; / * % ripper: bodystmt!($:bodystmt, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil) % * / / * % ripper: defs!(*$:head[0 . . 2], $:args, $:$) % * / local_pop(p); } | backref tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt command_rhs { VALUE MAYBE_UNUSED(e) = rb_backref_error(p, $1); $$ = NEW_ERROR(&@$); / * % ripper[error] : assign_error!(?e, opassign!(var_f i eld!($ : 1), $ : 2, $ : 4)) % * / } ;

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"Dissecting and Reconstructing Ruby Syntactic Structures" ʔ @ydah How to Fix %rule op_asgn : var_lhs tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt rhs { $$ = new_op_assign(p, $1, $2, $4, $3, &@$); / * % ripper: opassign!($ : 1, $ : 2, $ : 4) % * / } | primary_value '[' opt_call_args rbracket tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt rhs { $$ = new_ary_op_assign(p, $1, $3, $5, $7, &@3, &@$, &NULL_LOC, &@2, &@4, &@5); / * % ripper: opassign!(aref_f i eld!($ : 1, $ : 3), $ : 5, $ : 7) % * / } | primary_value call_op tIDENTIFIER tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt rhs { $$ = new_attr_op_assign(p, $1, $2, $3, $4, $rhs, &@$, &@2, &@3, &@4); / * % ripper: opassign!(f i eld!($ : 1, $ : 2, $ : 3), $ : 4, $ : 6) % * / } | primary_value call_op tCONSTANT tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt rhs { $$ = new_attr_op_assign(p, $1, $2, $3, $4, $rhs, &@$, &@2, &@3, &@4); / * % ripper: opassign!(f i eld!($ : 1, $ : 2, $ : 3), $ : 4, $ : 6) % * / } | primary_value tCOLON2 tIDENTIFIER tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt rhs { $$ = new_attr_op_assign(p, $1, idCOLON2, $3, $4, $rhs, &@$, &@2, &@3, &@4); / * % ripper: opassign!(f i eld!($ : 1, $ : 2, $ : 3), $ : 4, $ : 6) % * / } | primary_value tCOLON2 tCONSTANT tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt rhs { YYLTYPE loc = code_loc_gen(&@1, &@3); $$ = new_const_op_assign(p, NEW_COLON2($1, $3, &loc), $4, $6, $5, &@$); / * % ripper: opassign!(const_path_f i eld!($ : 1, $ : 3), $ : 4, $ : 6) % * / } | tCOLON3 tCONSTANT tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt rhs { YYLTYPE loc = code_loc_gen(&@tCOLON3, &@tCONSTANT); $$ = new_const_op_assign(p, NEW_COLON3($2, &loc), $3, $5, $4, &@$); / * % ripper: opassign!(top_const_f i eld!($ : 2), $ : 3, $ : 5) % * / } | backref tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt rhs { VALUE MAYBE_UNUSED(e) = rb_backref_error(p, $1); $$ = NEW_ERROR(&@$); / * % ripper[error] : assign_error!(?e, opassign!(var_f i eld!($ : 1), $ : 2, $ : 4)) % * / } ; arg : asgn(lhs, arg_rhs) | op_asgn(arg_rhs) | tCOLON3 tCONSTANT tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt arg_rhs { YYLTYPE loc = code_loc_gen(&@1, &@2); $$ = new_const_op_assign(p, NEW_COLON3($2, &loc), $3, $5, $4, &@$); / * % ripper: opassign!(top_const_f i eld!($ : 2), $ : 3, $ : 5) % * / } : (snip) command_asgn : asgn(command_rhs) | op_asgn(command_rhs) : (snip)

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