Clean ArchitectureとEffで変更に強いAPIを設計する

by Yuichi Maekawa

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$MFBO"SDIJUFDUVSFଚ&῎ଙ ኚ᭦䛻ᙉ䛔$3,䜢タィ䛩䜛 VFDODWRN\RRQOLQHYRO 6FDOD7RN\R .BFLBXB:VJDIJ

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.BFLBXB:VJDIJ 5XJUUFS!@LBFMBFMB 4PGUXBSF&OHJOFFS! ᪂᫬௦䛾㈍኎⟶⌮䝥䝷䝑䝖䝣䜷䞊䝮

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$MFBO"SDIJUFDUVSFଚ&῎ୄ౶କ଑ો༷ፕଝჵ૶"1*ଠ᮱ᮣዷᔕଝଖ૶ଘ ଜ଎ᄰᮉଜଠ૽ ଛଠ଺૸ଝ౶૸ଠ૽ῷᑁᄾ᜷ଝᯝጓଉରଋ ᯌଇଜ૶ଅଚ 3&45"1*31$"1*ଠ"1*୷୦୔ணଠᯌଙଡଜ૶ଙଋQSBZ $MFBO"SDIJUFDUVSFଠᯝጓ ஒ୺୹ો&῎ଜଛଠዝ࿁᜷ଜᯝጓ ܶ᮱ᮣଚፘ૶ଘରଋ૾ો᮱ᮣଡୱ஬ஐଶஇ஝୰ୟ୸ଝ଺ଽଚᅈ૸ଠଙોᚨጤᘃଙ୒஛இ૾ᨭ૶ଚ᥻ૺଘ૶ଽ଴ଠଚ૶૸൩ቾଙૼᦎ૿ଁ଒ଇ૶ వጄଠങ࿧

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$MFBO"SDIJUFDUVSFଚ&῎ଙ ༷ፕଝჵ૶"1*ୄ᮱ᮣଋଽ

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༷ፕଝჵ૶ଚଡ ᳽඀ો༷ፕો൦Ḩ૾࿧ጕ ༷ፕଝ଺ଽᄋẛ᡽ຸ૾ဌଇ૶ ល༢᜷ଜ༷ፕ૾ᱹ૿ଝଁ૶

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"1*ଡጄ૏ᇡ᷶ଋଽ ୹஑୔ண஝୨୳ୟଠ༷ፕଝ଺ଽஜ୩஍ண୩ങ࿧ଠ༷ፕ ஖஬୩ୡ஬୩ଠ༷ፕ ዶଉ૶"1*ଠ᳽඀ "1*஁ங஑஬୯஬ଠ᳽඀ ᨅ័୧୩୶ஐฎଃ"1*ଚ༻ᵄഏ᷻"1* ᙊዷଠ఻ᑗ༷ፕଝౘ૸᳽ᄟ ഏ᷻"1*ଠ୥஍஬୸᡽ຸሴག ଜଛଜଛ

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༷ፕୄṟଉଁଋଽᮉິଡଖ ᴰଃଽଅଚଠଙ૿ଜ૶ᮉິ ஃ୨୽୩஝୨୳ୟଠᇡ᷶ ፞ൖଠ୹஑୔ணஒ୷஛ଙଡ࿾ᄷଙ૿ଜ૶ ለᬾ஫᮱ᮣଝ଺ଽᮉິ ୶୩୸૾ଜଁᄋẛ᡽ຸଠఒᕺ૾௧෺ᧄ ಁྺዷฎଠၛ༢ ୩஁ୢ୶୓ ௧ᴧ൐ଜ഼ṓႼ གර૾ೇᜲ᜷ોᯬᚫ᜷ଜ഼ṓ ୱ஬ஐଶ࿚᭢᥽ଝ଺ଽ௹ᮓ᜷ଜ଴ଠ૾༾૶ Ḃᄮଠ൏Ṟ૾ଙ૿ଘ૶ଜ૶ ஃ୨୽୩ଚለᬾ 6*ଚ୷஬୯ᑑᴍ ଜଛ KWWSVFRPPRQVZLNLPHGLDRUJZLNL)LOH(GVJHUB:\EHB'LMNVWUDMSJ

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3F༷ፕଝჵ૶ଚଡ ᳽඀ો༷ፕો൦Ḩ૾࿧ጕ ༷ፕ࿧ጕᅌஃ୨୽୩஝୨୳ୟଠ༷ፕለᬾ஫᮱ᮣ ༷ፕଝ଺ଽᄋẛ᡽ຸ૾ဌଇ૶ ༷ፕᵸஃ୨୽୩஝୨୳ୟଠ༷ፕለᬾ஫᮱ᮣ ល༢᜷ଜ༷ፕ૾ᱹ૿ଝଁ૶ ୹஑୔ணஒ୷஛ଠ࿍࿖ᅌଝ଺କଘᛛରାଽ இ஝ୠஙஎ૾౬ᛟଙ૿ଽଠଡለᬾ஫᮱ᮣଠᵄ൏

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୒஛இଙଡ༷ፕଝჵ૶᮱ᮣୄ ଛ૸࿚ᚨଉଘ૶ଽଠ૽

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4DBMFCBTF஀୳ୟ୘ண୹୧୩୶ஐ "QQMJDBUJPOGSBNFXPSL 4ZTUFN%FTJHO%PNBJOESJWFO%FTJHO 1PG&"" "SDIJUFDUVSF.PEVMFSNPOPMJUI $MFBO"SDIJUFDUVSF -JCSBSZ&῎ FF1PTUNBO

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4DBMFCBTF஀୳ୟ୘ண୹୧୩୶ஐ "QQMJDBUJPOGSBNFXPSL 4ZTUFN%FTJHO%PNBJOESJWFO%FTJHO 1PG&"" "SDIJUFDUVSF.PEVMFSNPOPMJUI $MFBO"SDIJUFDUVSF -JCSBSZ&῎ FF1PTUNBO KWWSVVFDODPDWVXULRUJMDSURSRVDOV-

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4DBMFCBTF஀୳ୟ୘ண୹୧୩୶ஐ "QQMJDBUJPOGSBNFXPSL 4ZTUFN%FTJHO%PNBJOESJWFO%FTJHO 1PG&"" "SDIJUFDUVSF.PEVMFSNPOPMJUI $MFBO"SDIJUFDUVSF -JCSBSZ&῎ FF1PTUNBO KWWSVVFDODPDWVXULRUJMDSURSRVDOV-

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4DBMFCBTF஀୳ୟ୘ண୹୧୩୶ஐ "QQMJDBUJPOGSBNFXPSL 4ZTUFN%FTJHO%PNBJOESJWFO%FTJHO 1PG&"" "SDIJUFDUVSF.PEVMFSNPOPMJUI $MFBO"SDIJUFDUVSF -JCSBSZ&῎ FF1PTUNBO ଅଠᳬ૾ଛ૸୧୩୶ஐଝ࿪௨ଉଘ૶ଽ૽ଚ૶૸ᯌ

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$MFBO"SDIJUFDUVSFଙ ౧ୄᮛᓴଉ଑૶ଠ૽ KWWSVEORJFOHDQFRGHUFRPXQFOHEREWKHFOHDQDUFKLWHFWXUHKWPO

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$MFBO"SDIJUFDUVSFଙᜈᣨฅ஫Ἑ഼ṓႼଜୣ஬୹ପ ౫Ꮡ᪉ྥ䛾ᔂቯ౫Ꮡ᪉ྥ䜢୍᪉ྥ䛻䛩䜛 ୙㐺ษ䛺จ㞟ᗘ䝺䜲䝲䞊䛤䛸䛻౫Ꮡ䜢⤠䜛䚸䝴䞊䝇䜿䞊䝇䜢ศ㞳㛵ᚰ䛾ศ㞳䝡䝆䝛䝇䝻䝆䝑䜽䝗䝯䜲䞁䛾ศ㞳䚸䜹䝥䝉䝹໬ Ļ 䝺䜲䝲䞊䛜ศ䛛䜜䚸␯⤖ྜ䞉㧗จ㞟ᗘ䛻䛺䛳䛯䝁䞊䝗䛿ኚ᭦䛜ᑠ䛥䛟䚸⡆༢䛻䛺䜛

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4DBMFCBTFଡ௟ᨛ᜷ଜஜ୔ஔ஬୹୒஬ଢ଼୶ୟୱஓ $MFBO"SDIJUFDUVSFJO4DBMFCBTF #BUDI"EBQUFS )UUQ "EBQUFS &YUFSOBM)UUQ "EBQUFS %PNBJO 6TF$BTF 8FC6* %# 0UIFS $POUFYU (SQD "EBQUFS &OUJUZ-BZFS %PNBJOஒ୷஛ᥔ૿༂ૌಁྺଡଜଉ 6TF$BTF-BZFS ୒ୟ୯஬உ஬୩ଠ஖஬୩ୡ஬୩ *OUFSGBDF"EBQUFS-BZFS )UUQଡ"1*ᛟો4FDPVOEBSZଡ 3FQPTJUPSZᛟ(SQDଡങᵄᴉಘᛟ 'SBNFXPSLTBOE%SJWFST-BZFS %#ો୔ணஅஙો8FCଜଛଚᤳ૾ଽ 4FDPOEBSZ "EBQUFS

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6TF$BTF*OUFSGBDF"EBQUFS૾ጤ᷾᜷഼ṓႼଝ଺଼᛽ଜଽඇ᎞ୄሿଖിᚫ૾ṓର଼ଶଋ૶ "1*ଠ༷ፕଡ$MFBO"SDIJUFDUVSFଠଛଅଙᱹଅଽଠ૽ #BUDI"EBQUFS )UUQ "EBQUFS &YUFSOBM)UUQ "EBQUFS %PNBJO 6TF$BTF 8FC6* %# 0UIFS $POUFYU (SQD "EBQUFS 6TF$BTF-BZFS ୒ୟ୯஬உ஬୩ଠ஖஬୩ୡ஬୩ *OUFSGBDF"EBQUFS-BZFS )UUQଡ"1*ᛟો4FDPVOEBSZଡ 3FQPTJUPSZᛟ(SQDଡങᵄᴉಘᛟ 4FDPOEBSZ "EBQUFS

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TCUଙ$MFBO"SDIJUFDUVSFଠස௟ಁྺዷฎᅌୄ࿚ᚨଋଽ TCUଠ.VMUJ1SPKFDUCVJMEଙୣண୶ଢ଼୩୸ஜ୔ஔ஬ଙ൏൵ଉોಁྺዷฎୄᣪଽ *OUFSGBDF"EBQUFS6TF$BTF%PNBJO ໱፱᜷ଝଅା଒ଃଙ଺૶ ෝ࿬ଝ૶૸ଚ%*1 EFQFOEFODZJOWFSTJPOQSJODJQMF ଴ᬻକଘ૶ଽ

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6TF$BTFଶ*OUFSGBDF"EBQUFS૽଻ለᬾ᜷ଜḂᄮୄ൏Ṟଙ૿ଘ૶ଽ૽ῷ 6TF$BTFଠിᚫ౺ ஒ୷஛ଠ$36%஫%#୒ୟ୫୩஫᛽ଜଽ୷஬୯୭஬୩อ൉஫"1*ୣ஬஛ଜଛ *OUFSGBDF"EBQUFSଠിᚫ౺ ᯔ᮸஫஖஬୩ୡ஬୩ଠ࿚ᬻ஫ஒ୷஛༷ኁ஫*0ଜଛ $MFBO"SDIJUFDUVSF଒ଃଙଡ࿏ഋଝ൏Ṟଙ૿ଜ૶ ଏଅଙ&῎

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&῎ଙ౧ୄᮛᓴଉ଑૶ଠ૽ KWWSRNPLMRUJIWS+DVNHOOH[WHQVLEOHPRUHSGI

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ᒶଛଠ୭அ୸ୖୗ୒ଡṻฉ፫ിᚫΰᇡൿཉዖ )551சୟ୘୩୸ %#୒ୟ୫୩ ଜଛ 4DBMBଙଡ ṻฉ፫ിᚫ'VUVSFPSNPOJY5BTLଜଛ ᇡൿཉዖ5SZPS&JUIFS<- 3>ଜଛ ṻฉ፫ଠᣨ᎞ᇡൿཉዖ'VUVSF<&JUIFS<- 3>> ஒ୺୹ଠฅᇡ

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ஒ୺୹ଠฅᇡ૾ṟଉ૶ῷ

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GPSZJFMEუ GPS\ ଅଠ௴ଙଡଋଫଘNBQ ῐBU.BQ XJUI'JMUFS DBTFNBUDIJG ଠᢸᭅᑑዥ ໱፱᜷ଝଡ௟ଖଠୣண୶ଢ଼୩୸ଠ଱࿾ᰳ FY 0QUJPO 'VUVSF &JUIFSଜଛ ଅଠ௴ଙለᬾ᜷ଜḂᄮଠ൲౬ᛟ૾இ஝ୠஙஐୄ᭲ṙଝଋଽ ൲౬ᛟ࠵ᙡᆨଠ༷ፕો*0ો౺༻ોFYFDVUJPODPOUFYUો4DIFEVMFSଜଛ ^ZJFME

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ஒ୺୹ฅᇡଠ๧Ẵ ೝ଻ଡଅାୄஒ୺୹୸ஙண୩அ୙஬எ஬ଙଡଜଁ&῎ଙᮛᓴଉଘ૶ଽ 'VUVSF<&SSPS&JUIFS6OJU>ୣண୶ଢ଼୩୸ &SSPS&JUIFS0QUJPO<.PEFM>ୣண୶ଢ଼୩୸

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&῎ &YUFOTJCMF&῎FDUT ᒩ឴ଝଡ&YUFOTJCMF&῎FDUTୄዋ๱ଉ଑.PSF&YUFOTJCMF&῎FDUTୄቫᛟ &῎௟ଖଠໜଙ᭲ዝଠඇ᎞ୄᭇᚨଙ૿ଽஒ୺୹ ଜ଎ᄰᮉଜଠ૽ ଺଼ለᬾ᜷ଜᵄ൏ଠḂᄮୄ൏Ṟଋଽ ૖4DBMBୄ౶૸࠵ஒ୺୹ୄ౶૸૗ *.0 ଚ૿ોฅᇡ૾ṟଉ૶ଚ૶૸ለᬾ᜷൝ᣇ ஒ୺୹ଠฅᇡୄ፞଴୧ணஇ஛ଝፘଃଽ அங୳୸ଙMJGU૾ଜ૶

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ୡ஬୩୩୯୷୓%SZ3VO ૴ଽ"1*ଙ୷஬୯ଠᓠ᣺ටୄଉଜ૶ଃଛᴉଽ૽ୱୗ୳ୟଋଽ

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஖஬୩ୡ஬୩ଠ഼ṓႼ૾ጤ᷾᜷഼ṓ૽଻ᯬᚫ᜷഼ṓଝଜ଼ᅸᇸ ESZ3VOஅஙୠଙൗ࿖

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ଭମฉଊESZ3VO஖஬୩ୡ஬୩ୄ᳽඀ ࿚᭢ଡᑀ ဌଇଜ஖஬୩ୡ஬୩ોဍଜ૶஖஬୩ୡ஬୩ଜଛଠ༂ฅଡᨭଇଏ૸ 6TF$BTFଠᵶ᭲૾༗ૺଽஂக஬எண୘ங஬ଝ଺ଽ஀ୠୄᛛ଱ଶଋ૶ 6TF$BTFଠಜᒩ૾႖ଝకನଝଜଽ༷ፕᵸୄ༗඀ଇ଍ଘଉର૸

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&῎ଙESZ3VOଠ*OUFSQSFUFSୄ౬ଽ 6TF$BTF-BZFS 3FBE8SJUFᛟଠ*OUFSQSFUFSଡଋଙଝ૴ଽ ࿚ᬻጤ SVO ଝଋଫଘ3PMMCBDLଋଽിᚫୄ᳽඀ଋଽଅଚଙ࿚ᚨଋଽ 6TF$BTFଠിᚫୄ௟൐༷ፕଉଜଁଘ଺૶ 6TF$BTFങଝለᬾ᜷Ḃᄮଝ଺ଽ൏ဳଶ༷ኁ૾ଜଁଜଽ

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&῎ଙESZ3VOଠ*OUFSQSFUFSୄ౬ଽ *OUFSGBDF"EBQUFS-BZFS $POUSPMMFS1SFTFOUFSိଜଛଙ൏ဳിᚫୄፘ૿ESZ3VOଋଽଠ଱ ஖஬୩ୡ஬୩ଠၼଉ፝ૺଜଛଡଜଉ

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&῎ୄ౶૸஑ச୳୸ ஒ୺୹ଠฅᇡ૾ᢊසଝଜଽ 6TF$BTF*OUFSGBDF"EBQUFS૽଻ᒶଛଠለᬾ᜷Ḃᄮୄ൏Ṟଙ૿ોᨅᘑᮟᯘଠᭇᚨଝ᳴ଗଁ ඇ᎞ୄ$POUFYU#PVOEଙᭇᚨଙ૿ો౧૾ᱹଅଽ૽ତଚ᝕ଙൗዴଙ૿ଽ %#୒ୟ୫୩૾ᱹଅ଼ᄠଽിᚫଜଠ଒ଜ ':*$POUFYU#PVOE EFGG<5> JNQMJDJUB"<5> EFGG<5"> ଚፘଃଽᢸᭅᑑዥ

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&῎ୄ౶૸୷஑ச୳୸ ᆰାଽରଙଝጤ᷾૾૽૽ଽῠೝଡགଉ଑୷஑ச୳୸ଙଡଜ૶ଚᅈ૸ῡ ୣண஁୔஛୘ங஬ଝଡଜଽ૾ો୘ங஬૾ṟᮛ ୒஬ଢ଼୶ୟୱஓଚଠᯌ૾ဍଜ૶ ဋഊఔ౺૾ဍଜ૶ 6TF$BTFଜଛୄ଺଼ᤅᾎଝ᮫᳻ଋଽ଑ଳଝଡഋଘଠိଙ&῎ୄᳵଋᄰᮉ૾૴ଽ

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༷ፕᵸୄ௦଄ો༷ፕ࿧ጕᅌୄ௥଄ଽ଑ଳଝ$MFBO"SDIJUFDUVSFଚ&῎ୄ౶૸ $MFBO"SDIJUFDUVSF ஒ୨க஬஛ටોස௟ಁྺዷฎୄ࿚ᚨଉોᜈᣨฅ஫Ἑ഼ṓႼଝଋଽ TCUଠ.VMUJ1BDLBHFCVJMEଙᢊසଝ࿚ᚨଙ૿ଽ &῎ ஒ୺୹ଠฅᇡୄᢊසଝଋଽ $MFBO"SDIJUFDUVSF଒ଃଙଡଙ૿ଜ૶ለᬾ᜷Ḃᄮଠ൏Ṟୄሟ૸ 5IBOLZPV