Research Paper Introduction in IR Reading 2020 Fall

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5BLVZB"TBOP ઙ໺୎໵ .FSDBSJ *OD 'JOEJOHUIF#FTUPG#PUI8PSMET 'BTUFSBOE.PSF3PCVTU5PQL%PDVNFOU3FUSJFWBM 4*(*3 &GGJDJFOUBOE&GGFDUJWF2VFSZ"VUP$PNQMFUJPO 4*(*3 *33FBEJOH'BMM 0DUPCFS

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'JOEJOHUIF#FTUPG#PUI8PSMET 'BTUFSBOE.PSF3PCVTU5PQL%PDVNFOU3FUSJFWBM 4*(*3 0NBS,IBUUBC 4UBOGPSE6OJWFSTJUZ .PIBNNBE)BNNPVE $BSOFHJF.FMMPO6OJWFSTJUZJO2BUBS 5BNFS&MTBZFE 2BUBS6OJWFSTJUZ w ୅දతͳUPQLSFUSJFWBMख๏ͷ଎౓Λɺ༷ʑͳϥϯΩϯάϞσϧͰแׅతʹධՁ w 8"/%ͱ.BY4DPSFͷ͍͍ͱ͜औΓΛͨ͠৽ͨͳख๏ɺ-B[Z#.ΛఏҊ w ΄ͱΜͲͷ࣮ݧઃఆͰɺఏҊख๏-B[Z#.͕࠷଎Λୡ੒

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03ΫΤϦͷ5PQL3FUSJFWBM &BSMZ5FSNJOBUJPO w "/%ΫΤϦ͸సஔΠϯσοΫεΛ࢖ͬͯߴ଎ʹॲཧͰ͖Δ w 03ΫΤϦ͕໰୊ w ߴ଎Խ͢Δํ๏͸͍Ζ͍Ζ͋Δ͕ɺ&BSMZ5FSNJOBUJPOʹ஫໨ w ਖ਼֬ͳUPQLΛಘΒΕΔ w 5PQLʹೖΒͳ͍͜ͱ͕Θ͔ͬͨจॻ͸είΞܭࢉ͠ͳ͍ w ୅දతͳͭͷઓུʹ8"/%ͱ.BY4DPSF͕͋Δ w λʔϜ͝ͱͷείΞͷ࠷େ஋ NBYTDPSF Λϝλσʔλͱͯ͠ར༻

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8"/%ΞϧΰϦζϜ 03ΫΤϦͷ5PQL3FUSJFWBM $POTUBOUJOPT%JNPQPVMPT 4FSHFZ/FQPNOZBDIJZ BOE5PSTUFO4VFM0QUJNJ[JOHUPQLEPDVNFOU SFUSJFWBMTUSBUFHJFTGPSCMPDLNBYJOEFYFT*O84%. ݱࡏͷUPQLͷείΞ ϐϘοτλʔϜͷબ୒ w λʔϜΛΧʔιϧҐஔͷঢॱͰιʔτ w NBYTDPSFΛྦྷੵ͍͖ͯ͠ɺВΛ௒͑ͨλʔϜΛϐϘοτͱͯ͠ બ୒͢Δ ΧʔιϧҐஔ߹Θͤ w ϐϘοτΑΓ্ʹ͋ΔλʔϜͷΧʔιϧҐஔΛɺϐϘοτͷΧʔ ιϧҐஔ·ͰਐΊΔ w ϐϘοτͷΧʔιϧҐஔΛ௨Γա͗ͨΒɺͦͷจॻ͸εΩοϓ ʢʹ໭ͬͯϐϘοτΛ࠶બ୒ʣ จॻͷείΞܭࢉ w จॻείΞΛ׬શʹܭࢉ w ВΛӽ͑ͨ৔߹͸UPQLʹೖΕɺВͷ஋Λߋ৽ λʔϜ͝ͱͷείΞͷ࠷େ஋ ʢϝλσʔλʣ ϐϘοτͷΧʔιϧҐஔ

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.BY4DPSFΞϧΰϦζϜ 03ΫΤϦͷ5PQL3FUSJFWBM $POTUBOUJOPT%JNPQPVMPT 4FSHFZ/FQPNOZBDIJZ BOE5PSTUFO4VFM0QUJNJ[JOHUPQLEPDVNFOU SFUSJFWBMTUSBUFHJFTGPSCMPDLNBYJOEFYFT*O84%. ݱࡏͷUPQLͷείΞ λʔϜ͝ͱͷείΞͷ࠷େ஋ ʢϝλσʔλʣ FTTFOUJBMλʔϜͱOPOFTTFOUJBMλʔϜʹ෼͚Δ w ্͔ΒNBYTDPSFΛྦྷੵ͍͖ͯ͠ɺВΛ௒͑ͳ͍λʔϜू߹ΛOPO FTTFOUJBMλʔϜɺͦΕҎ֎ΛFTTFOUJBMλʔϜͱ͢Δ w FTTFOUJBMλʔϜͷ͏ͪɺগͳ͘ͱ΋ͭ͸ؚΜͰ͍ͳ͍ͱUPQLʹೖΕͳ͍ FTTFOUJBMλʔϜʹ͍ͭͯΫΤϦॲཧ w FTTFOUJBMλʔϜͷதͰείΞͷ߹ܭ஋Λܭࢉ w OPOFTTFOUJBMλʔϜͷNBYTDPSFͷ߹ܭ QSFpYTVN ͱ଍ͯ͠Вʹಧ͔ ͳ͚Ε͹ɺ͜͜Ͱଧͪ੾ͬͯΧʔιϧΛਐΊΔ w OPOFTTFUOBJMλʔϜͷϙεςΟϯάϦετ΋ݟͯείΞܭࢉ͠ɺ෦෼είΞ ͕ВΛԼճͬͨΒଧͪ੾ͬͯΧʔιϧΛਐΊΔ จॻͷείΞܭࢉ w จॻείΞΛ׬શʹܭࢉ͠ɺВΛӽ͑ͨ৔߹͸UPQLʹೖΕɺВͷ஋Λߋ৽ w ඞཁ͕͋Ε͹FTTFOUJBMλʔϜΛOPOFTTFOUJBMʹམͱ͢ λʔϜ͸ NBYTDPSFͰ ιʔτࡁΈ

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8"/%ϕʔεͷΞϧΰϦζϜ ֓ཁ w 8"/% 8FBL"/% w ϐϘοτબ୒ʹΑΔ&BSMZ5FSNJOBUJPO w #.8 #MPDL.BY8"/% w ϙεςΟϯάϦετΛϒϩοΫԽ w -#.8 -PDBM#.8 w ϐϘοτબ୒ʹϩʔΧϧͳʢϒϩοΫ͝ͱͷʣNBYTDPSFΛར༻ w %#.8 %PD*%PSJFOUFE#.8 w ϒϩοΫΛݻఆ௕Ͱ͸ͳ͘ɺจॻ*%ͷݻఆ௕ͷΠϯλʔόϧͰ෼͚Δ w 7#.8 7BSJBCMF#.8 w ϒϩοΫΛՄมαΠζʹɻ֤ϒϩοΫαΠζ͸ಈతܭը๏Ͱ࠷దԽ

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ධՁ w ΄ͱΜͲશͯͷઃఆͰ%#.8 %PD*%PSJFOUFE#MPDL.BY 8"/% ͕࠷଎ w %PD*%PSJFOUFE#MPDLΛ࢖͏ ΞϧΰϦζϜ w -.%JSϥϯΩϯάϞσϧͰ -#.8 7#.8ʹΘ͔ͣʹෛ ͚͍ͯΔ͚ͩ 8"/%ϕʔεͷΞϧΰϦζϜ

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.BY4DPSFϕʔεͷΞϧΰϦζϜ ֓ཁ w .BY4DPSF w λʔϜΛFTTFOUJBMOPOFTTFOUJBMʹ෼͚ͯ&BSMZ5FSNJOBUJPO w #.. #MPDL.BY.BY4DPSF w .BY4DPSFΛϒϩοΫԽ w -#.. -PDBM#.. w ϩʔΧϧͷʢϒϩοΫ͝ͱͷʣNBYTDPSFΛར༻ w *#.. *OUFSWBMCBTFE#.. w จॻ*%ͷൣғΛϒϩοΫ͝ͱͷNBYTDPSFΛ࢖ͬͯ෼ׂ w %#.. %PD*%CBTFE#.. w %#.8ͱಉ༷ɺ%PD*%CBTFE#MPDLΛ࢖͏

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ධՁ w .BY4DPSFϕʔεͷख๏ͱൺֱ ͯ͠΋ɺ΄ͱΜͲશͯͷઃఆͰ %#.8͕࠷଎ w -.%JSϥϯΩϯάϞσϧͰΘ ͔ͣʹ%#.. *#..ʹෛ͚ ͍ͯΔ͚ͩ .BY4DPSFϕʔεͷΞϧΰϦζϜ

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֓ཁ w "NPSUJ[FE1JWPU'JMUFSJOH w ϒϩοΫߏ଄ͱͯ͠%PD*%PSJFOUFE #MPDL.BYΛ࠾༻ w #BMBODFE1SVOJOH w 8"/%ϕʔεͷΫΤϦॲཧ w -PDBM5FSN1BSUJUJPOJOH w .BY4DPSFͱಉ༷ɺλʔϜΛ FTTFOUJBMͱOPOFTTFOUJBMʹ෼͚Δ ఏҊख๏-B[Z#. 8"/%ϕʔε ͷϑΟϧλ .BY4DPSFϕʔε ͷϑΟϧλ

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405"Ͱ͋Δ%#.8ͱൺֱͯ͠ɺ-B[Z#.͸Ͳ͏͔ʁ ΋͠ੑೳ্͕ճ͍ͬͯΔͳΒɺͦΕ͸Ͳ͔͜Βདྷ͍ͯΔͷ͔ʁ 32

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405"WT-B[Z#. w ΫΤϦͷϨΠςϯγΛൺֱ w LL w .FBO5BJM ύʔηϯλΠϧ఺ w ͢΂ͯͷύλʔϯͰ-B[Z#.͕༏Ґ w ϥϯΩϯάϞσϧฏۉʢ%#.8WT-B[Z#.ʣ w .FBOഒߴ଎ w 5BJMഒߴ଎ ϝΠϯϦβϧτ

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-B[Z#.ͷߴ଎Խ͸ͲͷΑ͏ʹಘΒΕͨͷ͔ w %#.. w -B[Z#.ͷϕʔεͱͳͬͨΞϧΰϦζϜ w -B[Z#." w %#.."NPSUJ[FE1JWPU'JMUFSJOH w -B[Z#."# w -B[Z#."#BMBODFE1SVOJOH w -B[Z#. w -B[Z#."#-PDBM5FSN1BSUJUJPOJOH -B[Z#.ͷ֤࠷దԽ͝ͱͷ଎౓ w ֤࠷దԽͦΕͧΕͰ଎͘ͳ͍ͬͯΔ w ಛʹ#BMBODFE1SVOJOHͷߩݙ͕େ͖͍

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ײ૝ w ༷ʑͳϥϯΩϯάϞσϧͰF⒏DJFODZΛแׅతʹධՁͨ͠ͷ͕ૉ੖Β͍͠ w ΞϧΰϦζϜ͝ͱͷSPCVTUOFTT͕ݟΕͨ w ҰํͰɺ࣮ݧͷσʔληοτ͸$MVF8FC͔͠࢖͍ͬͯͳ͍ w ੑ࣭͕ҟͳΔଞͷσʔληοτͰͷ࣮ݧ݁Ռ΋ݟ͍ͨ w -B[Z#.͸%PD*%PSJFOUFE#MPDL.BYΛ࢖͏%#..%#.8ͱಉ༷ɺϝϞϦ ফඅ͕ܹ͍͠ w ϝϞϦ࢖༻ྔͱ଎౓ͱͷτϨʔυΦϑͷ؍఺΋΄͔ͬͨ͠

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&GGJDJFOUBOE&GGFDUJWF2VFSZ"VUP$PNQMFUJPO 4*(*3 4JNPO(PH F#BZ*OD (JVMJP&SNBOOP1JCJSJ *45*$/3 3PTTBOP7FOUVSJOJ 6OJWFSTJUZPG1JTB w F#BZͷ2"$ʹ͓͍࣮ͯ૷ͨ͠ΫΤϦϞʔυDPOKVODUJWFTFBSDIΛ঺հ w $POKVODUJWFTFBSDI͸QSFpYTFBSDIͱൺֱ͢Δͱ஗͍͕ɺF⒎FDUJWFOFTTͷ؍఺Ͱ༗༻ w ΞϧΰϦζϜͱσʔλߏ଄Λ޻෉͠ɺDPOKVODUJWFTFBSDIΛߴ଎Խͨ͠

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ͭͷΫΤϦϞʔυ w 1SFpYTFBSDI w Ұൠతͳ2"$Ͱ࢖༻ w ൃݟྗ͸ݶΒΕ͍ͯΔ w $POKVODUJWFTFBSDI w ඇৗʹߴίετ͕ͩ༗༻ w ͜ΕΛߴ଎Խ͍ͨ͠ ໰୊ઃఆ

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࣮ݧ݁Ռ &GGFDUJWFOFTTͷධՁ w $POKVODUJWFTFBSDI͕QSFpYTFBSDI୯ମΑΓ΋ྑ͍݁ՌΛฦׂͨ͠߹ w λʔϜҎ্ͷΫΤϦͰݦஶʹྑ͘ͳ͍ͬͯΔ ࠷ޙͷτʔΫϯͷ จࣈΛͲͷ͘Β͍ ΫΤϦͱͯ͠࢖͏͔ 1SFpYTFBSDI୯ମ݅ $POKVODUJWFTFBSDI୯ମ݅ ߹ܭ݅

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$POKVODUJWFTFBSDIͷΞϧΰϦζϜ )FBQCBTFEΞϧΰϦζϜͱ'PSXBSECBTFEΞϧΰϦζϜ w DPNQMFUJPOσʔλߏ଄Λར༻ͯ͠ิ׬ީิΛநग़ w 'PSXBSEJOEFYΛ࢖͏ํ๏ͱɺ'$ѹॖͨ͠σʔλߏ଄Λ࢖͏ํ๏ ͕͋Δʢޙड़ʣ 'PSXBSECBTFEΞϧΰϦζϜ )FBQCBTFEΞϧΰϦζϜ w σʔλߏ଄ͱͯ͠ώʔϓΛ࢖͏γϯϓϧͳํ๏

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$POKVODUJWFTFBSDIͰ࢖͏σʔλߏ଄ σʔλߏ଄ͷ֓ཁͱνϡʔχϯά w ࣙॻ EJDUJPOBSZ w ֊૚ͷࣙॻΛ࢖͏ w 'SPOU$PEJOH '$ Ͱѹॖ͞ΕͨϒϩοΫ w $POKVODUJWFTFBSDIͰඞཁͳૢ࡞Λαϙʔτͭͭ͠ίϯύΫτˍߴ଎ w ֤ϒϩοΫͷઌ಄ͷจࣈྻ͸ඇѹॖͰϔομͱͯ͠อଘ w ϒϩοΫΛ୳ͨ͢Ίʹ͸ɺ͜ͷϔομΛ෼୳ࡧ w ϒϩοΫαΠζΛ࣮ݧͰ࠷దԽ w αΠζͱ଎౓ͷτϨʔυΦϑͰ༏Ε͍ͯΔΛબ୒ w ิ׬ީิू߹ DPNQMFUJPOT w ઀಄ࣙݕࡧ΍ɺ࠷ޙʹݕࡧ݁ՌΛฦ͢ͱ͖ʹ࢖༻ w ݹయతʹ͸5SJF͕ଘࡏ w ࣙॻͱಉ༷ʹ'SPOU$PEJOH '$ Ͱѹॖ͢Δํ๏͕͋Δ w ௕͍ΫΤϦͰ΋ߴ଎ͳ'$Λ࠾༻ w సஔΠϯσοΫε JOWFSUFEJOEFY w ΫΤϦͷ֤λʔϜʹରͯ͠03ݕࡧ͢ΔͨΊʹඞཁ w ίϯύΫτ͔ͭߴ଎ͳ&MJBT'BOP &' Λ࢖͏ w 3.2 3BOHF.JOJNVN2VFSJFT ؆ܿσʔλߏ଄ w γϯάϧλʔϜΫΤϦͰͷݕࡧ͸͜ΕΛ࢖ͬͯߴ଎Խ ࣙॻͷόέοταΠζʹΑΔ࠷దԽ '$ͱ5SJFͷൺֱ సஔΠϯσοΫεͷѹॖΞϧΰϦζϜͷαΠζൺֱ

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֤ख๏ͷ଎౓ൺֱ w )FBQCBTFE w )FBQ w 'PSXBSECBTFE w 'XEGPSXBSEJOEFYΛ࢖͏ w '$'SPOU$PEJOHΛ࢖͏ w #BTU8FCFS<> w )ZC )ZCJOEFY طଘख๏ $POKVODUJWFTFBSDIͷ଎౓ w 'PSXBSEϕʔεͷ'XEͱ'$͕ߴ଎ w ΫΤϦ͕λʔϜͷ৔߹͸'XE͕଎͍ w ͨͩ͠ฏۉ΄ͲϝϞϦ࢖༻ྔ͕ଟ͍ w ͳ͓QSFpYTFBSDI͸ΫΤϦ͋ͨΓฏۉЖTFDҎԼ w λʔϜҎ্Ͱ͸ܻҧ͍ʹߴ଎ɾɾɾ

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ײ૝ w $POKVODUJWFTFBSDI͸ΫΤϦϩά͕গͳ͍Ԡ༻ʹ͓͍ͯ༗༻ͦ͏ w λʔϜͷॱং͕ೖΕସΘͬͨΫΤϦϩά͕༗ޮ׆༻Ͱ͖Δ w ߴ଎ԽͷͨΊͷ࣮૷͸͔ͳΓॏ͍ w ༷ʑͳςΫ͍σʔλߏ଄ͱͦͷνϡʔχϯά͕ඞཁ w ؤுͬͯߴ଎Խͯ͠΋QSFpYTFBSDIͱ͸͔ͳΓ଎౓͕ࠩ͋Δ w λʔϜҎ֎ͷ৔߹ʹ͚ͩద༻͢ΔͳͲͷXPSLBSPVOE͕ߟ͑ΒΕΔ w ͋Δ͍͸QSFpYTFBSDIͰ͸े෼ͳ݅਺͕ฦͤͳ͍৔߹ʹ͚ͩద༻͢ΔͳͲ