PTZPZVc:"1$)BLPEBUF ϓϩϑΝΠϥ։ൃऀͱݟΔ ʮਪଌ͢ΔͳɺܭଌͤΑʯ

5IFNPTUBNB[JOHBDIJFWFNFOUPGUIFDPNQVUFSTPGUXBSF JOEVTUSZJTJUTDPOUJOVJOHDBODFMMBUJPOPGUIFTUFBEZBOE TUBHHFSJOHHBJOTNBEFCZUIFDPNQVUFSIBSEXBSFJOEVTUSZ ιϑτ΢ΣΞ࢈ۀͷ΋ͬͱ΋Ғେͳޭ੷͸ɺ ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ࢈ۀ͕੒͠਱͛Δண࣮͔ͭڻҟతͳਐาΛ ଧͪফ͠ଓ͚Δ͜ͱͰ͋Δɻ )FOSZ1FUSPTLJ

&/*"$ ඍ෼ํఔࣜʹ਺஋ղΛ༩͑Δ $MBVEF4POOFU

5IFNPTUBNB[JOHBDIJFWFNFOUPGUIFDPNQVUFSTPGUXBSF JOEVTUSZJTJUTDPOUJOVJOHDBODFMMBUJPOPGUIFTUFBEZBOE TUBHHFSJOHHBJOTNBEFCZUIFDPNQVUFSIBSEXBSFJOEVTUSZ ιϑτ΢ΣΞ࢈ۀͷ΋ͬͱ΋Ғେͳޭ੷͸ɺ ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ࢈ۀ͕੒͠਱͛Δண࣮͔ͭڻҟతͳਐาΛ ଧͪফ͠ଓ͚Δ͜ͱͰ͋Δɻ )FOSZ1FUSPTLJ

5IFNPTUBNB[JOHBDIJFWFNFOUPGUIFDPNQVUFSTPGUXBSF JOEVTUSZJTJUTDPOUJOVJOHDBODFMMBUJPOPGUIFTUFBEZBOE TUBHHFSJOHHBJOTNBEFCZUIFDPNQVUFSIBSEXBSFJOEVTUSZ ιϑτ΢ΣΞ࢈ۀͷ΋ͬͱ΋Ғେͳޭ੷͸ɺ ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ࢈ۀ͕੒͠਱͛Δண࣮͔ͭڻҟతͳਐาΛ ଧͪফ͠ଓ͚Δ͜ͱͰ͋Δɻ )FOSZ1FUSPTLJ ύϑΥʔϚϯεΤϯδχΞϦϯά

༗༑େี PTZPZV גࣜձࣾεϚʔτόϯΫۈ຿ 3VCZ͕޷͖ ౦ژ3VCZձٞ ࣮ߦҕһ௕!ԣ඿

Ѫಡॻ w #SFOEBO(SFHHઌੜͷTZTQFSGຊ w ϖʔδ w ࠓ͙͢ߪೖʂ

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ίϛϡχςΟϊʔτΛ͚ͭͯ΋Β͑Δ ஆ͔͍ձࣾͰ͢

ຊ೔ͷΩʔϫʔυ ʮϓϩϑΝΠϥʯʮܭଌʯ

ϓϩϑΝΠϥͱ͸ w ϓϩάϥϜͷ஗͍෦෼Λಛఆ͢ΔͨΊͷπʔϧ % perl -d:Profile program.pl time elapsed (wall): 86.8212 time running program: 65.7657 (75.75%) time profiling (est.): 21.0556 (24.25%) number of calls: 647248 %Time Sec. #calls sec/call F name 31.74 20.8770 2306 0.009053 Configable::init_from_config 20.09 13.2116 144638 0.000091 Configable::init_field_from_config 17.49 11.5043 297997 0.000039 Configable::has_attr 8.22 5.4028 312 0.017317 MonEl::recycle 7.54 4.9570 64239 0.000077 Configable::inherit 5.02 3.3042 101289 0.000033 MonEl::unique [...] $PO fi HBCMFJOJU@GSPN@DPO fi HͰ ࣮ߦ࣌ؒͷΛ࢖ͬͨ ʢ͕͜͜ϘτϧωοΫ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ʣ

ϓϩϑΝΠϥ͍Ζ͍Ζ w %FWFM1SP fi MF %FWFM/:51SPG 1FSM w QZTQZ 1ZUIPO w QQSPG (P w BTZODQSP fi MFS +BWB w $ISPNF%FW5PPMT +BWB4DSJQU w *OTUSVNFOUT 9DPEF w QFSG -JOVY

झຯͰ3VCZϓϩϑΝΠϥΛ࡞͍ͬͯ·͢ HJUIVCDPNPTZPZVQG w 3VCZͷ۱ʑ·Ͱਖ਼֬ʹ ଌఆͰ͖Δ͜ͱΛΊ͟͢ϓϩϑ ΝΠϥ w 3VCZϑϨʔϜ w $Ϩϕϧͷؔ਺ w ࠓ೔͸͜ͷ࿩͸ͦΜͳʹ͋Γ· ͤΜ w 3VCZ,BJHJͷൃදΛݟͯ

ϏδϡΞϥΠζɺͰ͖·͢ εϨου͝ͱͷ༷ࢠͷ τϥοΫ ίʔϧπϦʔ Flamegraph

Ͱ͖Ε͹͜͜ͰσϞΛ͍ͨ͠

ϓϩϑΝΠϥ΋ສೳͰ͸ͳ͍ 'MBNFHSBQI͚ͩݟΕ͹͍͍ͬͯ΋Μ͡Όͳ͍ w ສೳʹࢥ͑Δ'MBNFHSBQI͕ͩɺ ݟམͱ͢͜ͱ΋݁ߏ͋Δ w GFUDI@VTFS ʹ໰୊͕͋Γͦ͏͕ͩ ෼͔Γ΍͘͢ग़Δͱ͸ݶΒͳ͍ def a u = fetch_user() u.foo() end def b u = fetch_user() u.bar() end def c u = fetch_user() u.baz() end

ʮܭଌʯ

ਓ͸ͳͥύϑΥʔϚϯεܭଌ͢Δͷ͔ w ؾ͕޲͍ͨͱ͖ʁ w ࣗࣾͷ8FCαʔϏεͷಛఆͷΤϯυϙΠϯτ͕ ஗͍͜ͱʹؾ͍ͮͨͱ͖ʁ w ·ͬͨ͘஌Βͳ͍ίʔυϕʔεΛ౉͞Εɺ࣌ؒҎ಺ͷվળΛ໋͡ΒΕɺ ສԁΛ͔͚ͯ૪͏ͱ͖ʁʢ݄ʣ ͍Ζ͍Ζ͋ͬͯɺਓͦΕͧΕ

ʮਪଌ͢ΔͳɺܭଌͤΑʯ

ʮਪଌ͢ΔͳɺܭଌͤΑʯ w ౰ͯͣͬΆ͏ͰͷύϑΥʔϚϯεվળΛռΊΔݴ༿ w ʮͳΜ͔஗͍͚Ͳɺଟ෼%#ͷΠϯσοΫε͕ෆ଍ͯ͠ΔΜͰ͠ΐʯ w ʮ͜ͷลΛΩϟογϡ͢Ε͹଎͘ͳΔΑʯ w ͜͏͍͏ͷ͸Α͘ͳ͍ΑͶ w ͔ͩΒϓϩϑΝΠϥΛ࢖͓͏Ͷɺͱ͍͏จ຺ͰΑ͘ొ৔͢Δ

Ͱ͸ʮܭଌʯ͢Ε͹͍͍ͷ͔ʁ w ౴͑͸൱ w ͳΜͱͳ͘ϓϩϑΝΠϥΛೖΕͯɺͳΜͱͳ͘ fl BNFHSBQIΛݟͯ ͳΜͱͳ͘ॲཧ͕࣌ؒ௕ͦ͏ͳͱ͜ΖΛ࡟ͬͯΈΔͷ͸ ʮ౰ͯͣͬΆ͏ͳվળʯʹଞͳΒͳ͍ w ֏Λ͍ͯ͠Δਓ͕དྷͨͱ͖ʹɺN૸ͷλΠϜΛଌͬͯ΋͋·Γҙຯ͕ͳ͍ ౰ͯͣͬΆ͏ͷվળ͸ແҙຯ͕ͩɺ ౰ͯͣͬΆ͏ͷܭଌʹ΋ҙຯ͕ͳ͍

໰୊ൃੜ ղܾ ਪଌ ରԠ ʘ΄Μͱʹ߹ͬͯΔ ʗ ʮਪଌ͢Δʯ

໰୊ൃੜ ղܾ ܭଌ ରԠ ʘ͜Ε͕ݪҼͩʂʗ ຊ౰ʁ ʮਪଌ͠ͳ͍Ͱɺܭଌ͢Δʯ w ʮܭଌʯΛ͢Δ͚ͩͰɺ໰୊ͷਅҼ͕ಘΒΕΔͱ͸·ͬͨ͘ݶΒͳ͍ w ਅҼʹͨͲΓ͍͍ͭͯͳ͍ঢ়ଶͷʮରԠʯ͸Ձ஋͕௿͍ w ढज़ࣜύϑΥʔϚϯενϡʔχϯάͱݴ͑Α͏

໰୊ൃੜ ղܾ ܭଌ ରԠ ݕূՄೳͳ Ծઆ ཧ૝ɿܭଌΛ࢖ͬͯԾઆݕূ ݕূ ໰୊͸վળ͔ͨ͠ʁ ࣮͸ผͷܭଌ͕ඞཁͰ͸ͳ͔͔ͬͨʁ

ʮܭଌʯͷ࢖͍Ͳ͜Ζ w ໰୊͕͋ͬͨͱ͖ɺॳظͷঢ়گ೺ѲͷͨΊ w ύϑΥʔϚϯενϡʔχϯάͷԾઆݕূαΠΫϧͷதͰɺ ͱͬͨରԠͷޮՌΛݕূ͢ΔͨΊ w *46$0/༏উؒҧ͍ͳ͠ʂୈ෦׬οʂ

ҙ֎ʹ΋͔ͬ͠Γ೉͍͠ ʮܭଌʯ

ܭଌ ԿΛܭଌ͢Δ͔ ͲͷΑ͏ʹܭଌ͢Δ͔ ݁ՌΛͲ͏ධՁ͢Δ͔

ʮαʔϏε͕஗͘ͳͬͯΔʂʯ w ݕࡧ݁Ռϖʔδ͕։͔ͳ͍ w ͓٬༷ʹόϦόϦౖΒΕͯΔ w ͋Δ͍͸ɺ࣌ؒҎ಺ʹमਖ਼͠ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍͔΋஌Εͳ͍ w ͦͷ࣌ɺԿΛ͢Δʁ

ԿΛܭଌ͢Δ͔ ࣌ؒ ࣮࣌ؒ XBMMUJNF $16࣌ؒ *0଴ͪͷ࣌ؒ $16ͷαΠΫϧ਺ $166UJMJ[BUJPO Ωϟογϡώοτ཰ γεςϜίʔϧ਺ ϝϞϦ࢖༻ྔ 744 NBMMPD 344 ෺ཧϝϞϦ 144 ϝϞϦϑϥάϝϯςʔ γϣϯ ϓϩηε਺ εϨουͷ਺ -PBE"WFSBHF ϦΫΤετճ਺ ϨεϙϯελΠϜ CBDLMPH௕ )551ϔομʔͷ ύʔε࣌ؒ %#.4 42- ݁Ռͷߦ਺ εΩϟϯߦ਺ +0*/ͷίετ ϩοΫ֫ಘ଴ͪ࣌ؒ ؔ਺ͷݺͼग़͠ճ ਺ 7.໋ྩ਺ ($ͷ࣌ؒ +*5ͷώοτ཰ ϝιουσΟεύο ν

ԿΛܭଌ͢Δ͔ ࣌ؒ ࣮࣌ؒ XBMMUJNF $16࣌ؒ *0଴ͪͷ࣌ؒ $16ͷαΠΫϧ਺ $166UJMJ[BUJPO Ωϟογϡώοτ཰ γεςϜίʔϧ਺ ϝϞϦ࢖༻ྔ 744 NBMMPD 344 ෺ཧϝϞϦ 144 ϝϞϦϑϥάϝϯςʔ γϣϯ ϓϩηε਺ εϨουͷ਺ -PBE"WFSBHF ϦΫΤετճ਺ ϨεϙϯελΠϜ CBDLMPH௕ )551ϔομʔͷ ύʔε࣌ؒ %#.4 42- ݁Ռͷߦ਺ εΩϟϯߦ਺ +0*/ͷίετ ϩοΫ֫ಘ଴ͪ࣌ؒ ؔ਺ͷݺͼग़͠ճ ਺ 7.໋ྩ਺ ($ͷ࣌ؒ +*5ͷώοτ཰ ϝιουσΟεύο ν Ͳ͔͜Βணख͢Ε͹ʁ

Ռ αʔϏε͕஗͍ %#αʔόʔͷ $16͕ Ҽ ʁʁʁ ΫΤϦ͕ͨ͘͞ΜඈͿ /͕͋Δ εΩϟϯྔ͕૿͑Δ ϨεϙϯελΠϜ͕ ৳ͼΔ CBDLMPH͕ ৳ͼΔ ϝτϦΫε͕ ͓͔͘͠ͳΔ

Ռ αʔϏε͕஗͍ Ҽ ʁʁʁ ผͷྫ

Ռ αʔϏε͕஗͍ %#αʔόʔͷ $16͕ ʜʜܭଌՄೳͳ͜ͱ DQV Ҽ ʁʁʁ

Ռ αʔϏε͕஗͍ %#αʔόʔͷ $16͕ &91-"*/ ໰୊͸ͳ͔ͬͨʜʜ ʜʜܭଌՄೳͳ͜ͱ DQV Ҽ ʁʁʁ

Ռ αʔϏε͕஗͍ %#αʔόʔͷ $16͕ &91-"*/ ໰୊͸ͳ͔ͬͨʜʜ 5-#͕͋;Ε ϖʔδϑΥϧτ Χʔωϧ͕$16Λ ࢖ͬͯϖʔδΛ୳͢ ʜʜܭଌՄೳͳ͜ͱ $16TZTUFN QFSG DQV Ҽ ʁʁʁ

Ռ αʔϏε͕஗͍ %#αʔόʔͷ $16͕ &91-"*/ ໰୊͸ͳ͔ͬͨʜʜ EFBEUVQMF͕ ര૿͢Δ ϝϞϦͷ ࢖༻ྔ΋૿͑Δ 5-#͕͋;Ε ϖʔδϑΥϧτ Χʔωϧ͕$16Λ ࢖ͬͯϖʔδΛ୳͢ ʜʜܭଌՄೳͳ͜ͱ $16TZTUFN QFSG QH@TUBU DQV Ҽ ʁʁʁ

Ռ αʔϏε͕஗͍ Ҽ VQEBUF͕ ଟ͗͢Δઃܭ %#αʔόʔͷ $16͕ &91-"*/ ໰୊͸ͳ͔ͬͨʜʜ EFBEUVQMF͕ ര૿͢Δ ϝϞϦͷ ࢖༻ྔ΋૿͑Δ 5-#͕͋;Ε ϖʔδϑΥϧτ Χʔωϧ͕$16Λ ࢖ͬͯϖʔδΛ୳͢ ʜʜܭଌՄೳͳ͜ͱ $16TZTUFN QFSG QH@TUBU DQV

Ռ αʔϏε͕஗͍ Ҽ VQEBUF͕ ଟ͗͢Δઃܭ %#αʔόʔͷ $16͕ &91-"*/ ໰୊͸ͳ͔ͬͨʜʜ ϩάྔ͕ര૿ͯ͠ ετϨʔδѹഭ EFBEUVQMF͕ ര૿͢Δ ϝϞϦͷ ࢖༻ྔ΋૿͑Δ 5-#͕͋;Ε ϖʔδϑΥϧτ Χʔωϧ͕$16Λ ࢖ͬͯϖʔδΛ୳͢ ʜʜ ʜʜܭଌՄೳͳ͜ͱ $16TZTUFN QFSG QH@TUBU DQV ʜʜ ʜʜ

ܭଌ͢΂͖͸ɺঢ়گͷதͰมԽͯ͠Ώ͘ w ໰୊Λೝࣝͨ͠ॳظͷஈ֊Ͱ͸ɺγϣοτΨϯతʜʜ ͨ͘͞ΜͷࢦඪΛ֬ೝͯ͠ཧղΛܗ੒͢Δͷ͕༗ҙٛ w ԾઆݕূͷதͰɺ࣍ʹܭଌ͢΂͖ର৅͸ࣗͣͱܾ·ͬͯΏ͘ w ʢʜʜ͔ͱࢥ͍͖΍ɺͦ͏ͱ΋ݶΒͳ͍ʂʣ

ଘࡏ͢Β஌Βͳ͍͜ͱ͸ௐ΂ΒΕͳ͍ w ্ͷίʔυ͸Լͷίʔυͷഒ஗͍ w x[i][j]Λx[j][i]ʹ͢Δͱɺ ಺ଆͷ഑ྻ͕$16Ωϟογϡʹ ৐Βͳ͘ͳΔ w ͜Ε͸ʮܭଌʯͰൃݟՄೳͰ͸͋Δ ͕ɺ໨ʹೖͬͯ΋$16Ωϟογϡͷ ͜ͱΛ஌ΒͶ͹վળ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍ int x[10000][10000]; for (i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { for (j = 0; j < 10000; j++) { puts(x[i][j]); } } for (i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { for (j = 0; j < 10000; j++) { puts(x[j][i]); } }

Ռ αʔϏε͕஗͍ Ҽ VQEBUF͕ ଟ͗͢Δઃܭ %#αʔόʔͷ $16͕ &91-"*/ ໰୊͸ͳ͔ͬͨʜʜ ϩάྔ͕ര૿ͯ͠ ετϨʔδѹഭ EFBEUVQMF͕ ര૿͢Δ ϝϞϦͷ ࢖༻ྔ΋૿͑Δ 5-#͕͋;Ε ϖʔδϑΥϧτ Χʔωϧ͕$16Λ ࢖ͬͯϖʔδΛ୳͢ ʜʜ $16TZTUFN QFSG QH@TUBU DQV ʜʜ ʜʜ

Ռ αʔϏε͕஗͍ Ҽ VQEBUF͕ ଟ͗͢Δઃܭ %#αʔόʔͷ $16͕ &91-"*/ ໰୊͸ͳ͔ͬͨʜʜ ϩάྔ͕ര૿ͯ͠ ετϨʔδѹഭ EFBEUVQMF͕ ര૿͢Δ ϝϞϦͷ ࢖༻ྔ΋૿͑Δ 5-#͕͋;Ε ϖʔδϑΥϧτ Χʔωϧ͕$16Λ ࢖ͬͯϖʔδΛ୳͢ ʜʜ $16TZTUFN QFSG QH@TUBU DQV ʜʜ ʜʜ ޿ൣͳ஌͕ࣝͳ͍ͱ ݪҼʹͨͲΓண͚ͳ͍ྫ

,OPXO,OPXOT ҙࣝ͠ɺཧղ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ ܭଌ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ɺ࣮ࡍͷ஋΋෼͔Δ 6OLOPXO,OPXOT ҙ͍ࣝͯ͠Δ͕ɺཧղ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍͜ͱ ܭଌͰ͖Δ͜ͱ͸஌͍ͬͯΔ͕ɺ ·͍ͩͯ͠ͳ͍ 6OLOPXO6OLOPXOT ҙࣝ΋ཧղ΋͍ͯ͠ͳ͍͜ͱ ܭଌ͠Α͏ͱ΋ࢥΘͳ͍ ύϑΥʔϚϯεΤϯδχΞϦϯά͸ 6OLOPXO,OPXOT΍ 6OLOPXO6OLOPXOTΛ ,OPXO,OPXOTʹ స׵ͯ͠Ώ͘ߦ͍

౴͑͸͍ͭ΋༧૝֎ͷͱ͜Ζʹ͋Δ ༧૝Ͱ͖Δ͜ͱ͸༧૝͓ͯ͜͠͏ w 3PC1JLFઌੜ΋ͦ͏ड़΂͍ͯΔ 3VMFTPG1SPHSBNNJOH w ϓϩάϥϜ͕Ͳ͜Ͱ࣌ؒΛফඅ͍ͯ͠Δ͔Λ౰ͯΔ͜ͱ͸ ೉͍͠ɻϘτϧωοΫ͸༧૝֎ͷͱ͜Ζʹ͋ΔͷͰɺ஗͍৔ॴΛಛఆͤͣ ʹTQFFEIBDLΛೖΕΔ͜ͱ͸͢Δͳɻ w ܭଌ஋ͷҧ࿨ײʹؾ͖ͮ΍͘͢͢ΔͨΊʹ΋ɺ ࣗ෼ͷίʔυϕʔε͸۱ʑ·Ͱ೺Ѳ͍͍ͯͨ͠ w ԿΛ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͔ʁԿͷͨΊʹ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͔ʁͲͷΑ͏ʹ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͔ʁ

ܭଌ ԿΛܭଌ͢Δ͔ ͲͷΑ͏ʹܭଌ͢Δ͔ ݁ՌΛͲ͏ධՁ͢Δ͔ ʘઆڭ͘͘͞ͳ͍ύʔτʗ

ʮܭଌʯ͍Ζ͍Ζ ؆ศ μϧ͍ ͔ͬ͠Γ ͬ͘͟Γ ϓϩϑΝΠϥ ΞΫηεϩά "1. /FX3FMJD %BUBEPH GSFF TBS IUPQ εϩʔΫΤϦϩά ֤छ$MPVE.FUSJDT &91-"*/ QSJOUG σόοά TUSBDF

Ͳ͏΍ͬͯଌΔ ͜Ε͕໘ന͍ w ͦΕΒ͍͠ઃఆɾπʔϧΛೖΕͯΈΔʁ w 42-ͷ໰୊ͳΒɺ&91-"*/ͯ͠ΈΔʁ w ΞϓϦ͕ٙΘ͍͠ͳΒɺϓϩϑΝΠϥΛೖΕͯΈΔʁ w ͜ΕΒ͸Ͳ͏࣮૷͞Ε͍ͯΔʁ

࠶ܝԿΛܭଌ͢Δ͔ ࣌ؒ ࣮࣌ؒ XBMMUJNF $16࣌ؒ *0଴ͪͷ࣌ؒ $16ͷαΠΫϧ਺ $166UJMJ[BUJPO Ωϟογϡώοτ཰ γεςϜίʔϧ਺ ϝϞϦ࢖༻ྔ 744 NBMMPD 344 ෺ཧϝϞϦ 144 ϝϞϦϑϥάϝϯςʔ γϣϯ ϓϩηε਺ εϨουͷ਺ -PBE"WFSBHF ϦΫΤετճ਺ ϨεϙϯελΠϜ CBDLMPH௕ )551ϔομʔͷ ύʔε࣌ؒ %#.4 42- ݁Ռͷߦ਺ εΩϟϯߦ਺ +0*/ͷίετ ϩοΫ֫ಘ଴ͪ࣌ؒ ؔ਺ͷݺͼग़͠ճ ਺ 7.໋ྩ਺ ($ͷ࣌ؒ +*5ͷώοτ཰ ϝιουσΟεύο ν

࣌ؒͷܭଌ def foo start = Time.now query("select *") end = Time.now elapsed = end - start puts "query consumed #{elapsed}s" end

࣌ؒͷܭଌ def foo start = Time.now query("select *") end = Time.now elapsed = end - start puts "query consumed #{elapsed}s" end w ճͷ࣮ߦͰ͍͍ͷʁ w ͨ·ͨ·֎෦ͷӨڹ͕େ͖͍͔΋ ͠Εͳ͍ w 5JNFOPX͸ϞϊτχοΫ͡Όͳ͍ w RVFSZதʹݱࡏ࣌ࠁ͕มߋ͞Ε ͨΒόάΔ w ($΍(7-֫ಘ଴ͪ΋RVFSZʹܭ ্͞Εͯ͠·͏ w ԿΑΓɺ͋ΒΏΔ৔ॴʹ͜ΕΛ ࢓ࠐΉͷ͸ݱ࣮త͡Όͳ͍

ͦ΋ͦ΋ʮ࣌ؒʯʹ΋͍Ζ͍Ζ͋Δ w ࣮࣌ؒ $-0$,@3&"-5*.& w զʑ͕ೝ͍ࣝͯ͠Δʮ࣌ؒʯ w ୯ௐ૿Ճͳ࣮࣌ؒ $-0$,@.0/050/*$ w γεςϜ͕ىಈ͔ͯ͠Βͷ࣌ؒʜʜͳͲ w ר͖໭Βͳ͍ w $16࣌ؒ $-0$,@130$&44@$165*.&@*% w $16͕ܭࢉΛߦ͍ͬͯͨ࣌ؒ w *0 σΟεΫ΍ωοτϫʔΫ ͷ࣌ؒ͸আ͘ def foo query("select *") end

࣌ؒΛଌΔͷ͸೉͍͠ w ϢʔβʔϥϯυͰ͸ଌΕͳ͍छྨͷ࣌ؒ΋͋ Δ w ʮ$16࣌ؒʯ͸ΧʔωϧͷΈ͕஌ΓಘΔ w ϢʔβʔϥϯυͰ͸VTFSͱJPXBJUΛ۠ผ Ͱ͖ͳ͍ w εϨου QUISFBE ͝ͱʹͳΔͱঘߋ w "஍఺͔Β#஍఺ͷ࣌ؒ͸ܭΕͯ΋ɺ ʮNTඵ͝ͱʹλΠϚʔΛಈ͔͢ʯ͸࣮ݱ Ͱ͖ͳ͍ w ׂΓࠐΈͰ͖ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍ struct sigevent sigevent = { .sigev_notify = SIGEV_THREAD_ID; .sigev_signo = SIGPROF; }; struct itimerspec timer = { .it_interval = { .tv_sec = 0; .tv_nsec = 1000000; // 10 ms }; ... }; timer_create(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &sigevent, &timer)

ϓϩϑΝΠϥͷ࢓૊Έ ؆ུ൛ w ϓϩϑΝΠϥͷ࢓ࣄ͸ʮҰఆ࣌ؒ͝ͱʹʯʮϓϩάϥϜ͕ԿΛ΍ͬͯΔ͔ʯ ऩू͢Δ͜ͱ

ਤղɿγάφϧϋϯυϥΛ࢖ͬͨεέδϡʔϦϯά 0ms 10ms 20ms 30ms Thread 1 Thread 2 ΧʔωϧλΠϚʔʹΑΔׂΓࠐΈ Using CPU Using CPU Using CPU γάφϧϋϯυϥ ࣮ߦதͷελοΫΛݴޠ VM or Χʔωϧ ʹΫΤϦ ετϨʔδʹऔಘɾه࿥ γάφϧϋϯυϥ ΧʔωϧׂΓࠐΈ

࣌ؒͰ͸ͳ͘ɺϝϞϦͳΒͲ͏͔ʁ w ϓϩηεશମͰͲͷΑ͏ʹϝϞϦΛ࢖͍ͬͯΔ͔ ܭଌ͢Δʹ͸Ͳ͏͢Δ͔ʁ w FH͜ͷछྨͷΦϒδΣΫτ͕ଟ͍Α͏ͩ w 3VCZͷΑ͏ʹɺ7.ܕͷݴޠͳΒ͹7.Ͱه࿥Ͱ͖Δ w ͦ͏Ͱͳ͚Ε͹ɺΞϩέʔλ NBMMPD ʹ࢓ࠐΈ͕ඞཁʹͳΔ w ʮܭଌʯ͢ΔͨΊʹ͸ɺԼͷϨΠϠ΁ͷ࢓ࠐΈ͕ඞཁ

ϝϞϦϨΠςϯγ͸ʁ w ϝϞϦʹΞΫηεͨ͠ͱ͖ͷϨΠςϯγ w ͜Ε͸ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯϨΠϠͰ͸ຊ౰ʹऔΓΑ͏͕ͳ͍ w $16͸͜͏͍͏͜ͱ΋ܭଌͰ͖ΔΑ͏ύϑΥʔϚϯεΧ΢ϯλΛඋ͍͑ͯΔ

$16ͷύϑΥʔϚϯεΧ΢ϯλ 1.$ % perf list branch-instructions OR branches [Hardware event] branch-misses [Hardware event] bus-cycles [Hardware event] cache-misses [Hardware event] cache-references [Hardware event] cpu-cycles OR cycles [Hardware event] instructions [Hardware event] ref-cycles [Hardware event] alignment-faults [Software event] bpf-output [Software event] cgroup-switches [Software event] context-switches OR cs [Software event] cpu-clock [Software event] cpu-migrations OR migrations [Software event] dummy [Software event] emulation-faults [Software event] major-faults [Software event]

Χʔωϧ͔Β΋औΕΔ৘ใ͍Ζ͍Ζ % ls /proc/sys/kernel acct hung_task_warnings ostype random softlockup_panic acpi_video_flags io_delay_type overflowgid randomize_va_space soft_watchdog arch io_uring_disabled overflowuid real-root-dev split_lock_mitigate auto_msgmni io_uring_group panic sched_autogroup_enabled stack_tracer_enabled bootloader_type kexec_load_disabled panic_on_io_nmi sched_cfs_bandwidth_slice_us sysctl_writes_strict bootloader_version kexec_load_limit_panic panic_on_oops sched_deadline_period_max_us sysrq bpf_stats_enabled kexec_load_limit_reboot panic_on_rcu_stall sched_deadline_period_min_us tainted cad_pid keys panic_on_unrecovered_nmi sched_energy_aware task_delayacct cap_last_cap kptr_restrict panic_on_warn sched_itmt_enabled threads-max core_pattern max_lock_depth panic_print sched_rr_timeslice_ms timer_migration core_pipe_limit max_rcu_stall_to_panic perf_cpu_time_max_percent sched_rt_period_us traceoff_on_warning core_uses_pid modprobe perf_event_max_contexts_per_stack sched_rt_runtime_us tracepoint_printk ctrl-alt-del modules_disabled perf_event_max_sample_rate sched_schedstats unknown_nmi_panic dmesg_restrict msgmax perf_event_max_stack sched_util_clamp_max unprivileged_bpf_disabled domainname msgmnb perf_event_mlock_kb sched_util_clamp_min unprivileged_userns_clone ftrace_dump_on_oops msgmni perf_event_paranoid sched_util_clamp_min_rt_default user_events_max ftrace_enabled msg_next_id pid_max seccomp usermodehelper hardlockup_all_cpu_backtrace ngroups_max poweroff_cmd sem version hardlockup_panic nmi_watchdog print-fatal-signals sem_next_id warn_limit hostname ns_last_pid printk shmall watchdog hung_task_all_cpu_backtrace numa_balancing printk_delay shmmax watchdog_cpumask hung_task_check_count numa_balancing_promote_rate_limit_MBps printk_devkmsg shmmni watchdog_thresh hung_task_check_interval_secs oops_all_cpu_backtrace printk_ratelimit shm_next_id yama hung_task_panic oops_limit printk_ratelimit_burst shm_rmid_forced hung_task_timeout_secs osrelease pty softlockup_all_cpu_backtrace

ϨΠϠʔΛԼΓͳ͍ͱ؍࡯͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ ϥΠϒϥϦ ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ 04Χʔωϧ ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ ϛυϧ΢ΣΞ ݴޠॲཧܥ 7. ࠓͳʹΛͯ͠Δ͔͸ 7.ʹ͔͠෼͔Βͳ͍ αΠΫϧ਺͸ ϋʔυ΢ΣΞࢧԉ͕ ͳ͍ͱऔΕͳ͍ 42-ͷ࣮ߦܭը͸ %#.4ʹ͔͠෼͔Βͳ͍ ਖ਼֬ͳ࣌ؒ͸ Χʔωϧ͔͠ଌΕͳ͍

ʮܭଌʯ͸ϨΠϠʔΛ·͙ͨܳज़ w ͋Δ૚ͷ͜ͱΛਫ਼៛ʹ஌ΔͨΊʹɺΑΓԼ૚ʹજΔʜʜ w ਂ͘ɺਂ͘ʜʜ w ͜͏͍ͬͨςΫχοΫͷ૊Έ߹ΘͤͰܭଌπʔϧ͸࡞ΒΕ͍ͯΔ

ܭଌ ԿΛܭଌ͢Δ͔ ͲͷΑ͏ʹܭଌ͢Δ͔ ݁ՌΛͲ͏ධՁ͢Δ͔

ܭଌ ͍ͭܭଌ͢Δ͔ ԿΛܭଌ͢Δ͔ ͲͷΑ͏ʹܭଌ͢Δ͔ ݁ՌΛͲ͏ධՁ͢Δ͔ ηοτ

ʮ͍ͭʯܭଌ͢Δ͔ɺͦͯ͠Ͳ͏ධՁ͢Δ͔ w ͜͜·Ͱɺ໰୊͕͋Δ৔߹ʹɺ͍͔ʹʮܭଌʯͯ͠ ݪҼʹഭΔ͔ͷ࿩Λ͖ͯͨ͠ w ͔͠͠ɺͦΕΛʮ͍ͭʯߦ͏΂͖͔ʁ w ܭଌπʔϧɾϓϩϑΝΠϥ͸͜ͷࣔࠦΛ༩͑ͯ͘Εͳ͍

ʮ͍ͭʯΛओ؍ʹґଘͤ͞ͳ͍ w ʮͳΜ͔஗͍ʯΛओ؍Ͱ൑அ͢Δͱɺج४͕ϒϨΔ w *46$0/ͰৗʹܭଌΛഭΒΕΔͷ͸ɺ ৗʹʮͳΜ͔஗͍ʯঢ়ଶͰ͋ΔԾఆ͕͓͔ΕΔ͔Β w γεςϜͷॏཁͳύϑΥʔϚϯεࢦඪΛࣄલʹఆٛͯ͠ΈΑ͏

ओ؍ʹґଘ͠ͳ͍ఆٛ w γεςϜͷύϑΥʔϚϯεϨϕϧͷ໨ඪΛఆٛ͢Δ w ϫʔΫϩʔυͷੑ࣭͔Βఆٛ͢Δɿܾࡁ·Ͱͷ౸ୡ཰ w γεςϜϝτϦΫε͔Βఆٛ͢Δɿ$16࢖༻཰͕OҎԼ w TPPO4-04-*

ϝτϦΫεɺ͋Δ͍͸ͦͷઌ΁ w ϝτϦΫε͸ʮ͍͔ͭΒʯ ʮ͍ͭ·Ͱʯͷఆٛʹ࢖͍΍͍͢ w FHʮϨεϙϯελΠϜͷQ͕ NTΛ௒͍͑ͯͳ͍ঢ়ଶΛਖ਼ৗ ͱ͢Δʯ

ϝτϦΫεɺ͋Δ͍͸ͦͷઌ΁ w ϝτϦΫε͸ʮ͍͔ͭΒʯ ʮ͍ͭ·Ͱʯͷఆٛʹ࢖͍΍͍͢ w FHʮϨεϙϯελΠϜͷQ͕ NTΛ௒͍͑ͯͳ͍ঢ়ଶΛਖ਼ৗ ͱ͢Δʯ ͜ΕͬͯܭଌͰ͸ʁ

ৗʹʮܭଌʯ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱͷՁ஋ w /FX3FMJD΍%BUBEPHͳͲͷ"1.͸ɺ ʮৗʹʯܭଌ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ͕࠷େͷՁ஋ w ͜ͷจ຺Ͱ$POUJOVPVT1SP fi MJOHͳͲ΋ۙ೥ ൃలΛݟ͍ͤͯΔ w 1ZSPTDPQFFUD w ࠓ·Ͱ͸ʮॏްʯͳιϦϡʔγϣϯͩͬͨϓϩϑΝΠϦϯάΛ ϞχλϦϯάͷΑ͏ʹ࢖͑Δͱ͍͍͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜͶ

࠷ޙʹ w ύϑΥʔϚϯεվળ͸ɺਖ਼͍͠ࢹ఺Λ୳͢͜ͱ w ਪଌ΋͢Δ΂͖ͩ͠ɺܭଌ΋͢Δ΂͖ w ଟ͘ͷࢹ఺Λ࣋ͯΔͱɺଟ͘ͷਪଌ͕Ͱ͖Δ w ଟ͘ͷਪଌ͕Ͱ͖Δͱɺਖ਼͍͠ԾઆʹͨͲΓண͚ΔՄೳੑ͕ߴ͘ͳΔ w ͻͱͭͷ͜ͱʹৄ͍͚ͩ͠Ͱ͸উͯͳ͍ɻશ෦஌Ζ͏ͱ͢Δͱ໘ന͍

ʮܭଌʯ͸৺ҙؾ͚ͩͰ͸Ͳ͏ʹ΋ͳΒͳ͍ ͢΂ͯΛ஌Δؾ࣋ͪͰ΍͍ͬͯ͘

PTZPZVc:"1$)BLPEBUF ϓϩϑΝΠϥ։ൃऀͱݟΔ ʮਪଌ͢ΔͳɺܭଌͤΑʯ

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%BJTVLF"SJUPNP PTZPZV ϓϩϑΝΠϥ࡞ऀͷۤ೰

ຊฤͰ͢ ͜ΕΛ࿩ͨ͢ΊʹੵΈॏͶ͖ͯͨ w ຊฤͰ͢

QQ!PTZPZV w ͜Μʹͪ͸ʂ w גࣜձࣾεϚʔτόϯΫۈ຿ w 3VCZ͍͖ͩ͢ ࢀՃऀʂൃදऀʂεϙϯαʔʂ શ෦ืूதʂ

ʮܭଌͤΑʯਓ͸ͦ͏ݴ͏͚ΕͲʜʜ

ਖ਼͍͠ʮܭଌʯπʔϧ࡞Δͷɺ ͱͬͬͬͬͬͬͬͯ΋೉͍͠ʂʂʂʂʂʂ

ϓϩϑΝΠϥ͕ύϑΥʔϚϯεΛ࿪ΊΔ໰୊ ͜Ε͸Α͘஌ΒΕ͍ͯ·͢Ͷ w ϓϩϑΝΠϥΛڬΉͱɺॲཧ͕૿͑Δ w ͜Ε͸ݪཧతʹճආෆՄೳ w ॲཧ͕૿͑Δͱɺܭଌ͕࿪ΊΒΕΔ w LOPXOBT؍࡯ऀޮՌ

؍࡯ऀޮՌͱ޲͖߹͏ w ਖ਼֬Ͱ͋ΔͨΊʹ͸৘ใΛͨ͘͞ΜूΊ͍ͨ w ৘ใΛͨ͘͞ΜूΊΔͱΦʔόʔϔου͕େ͖͘ͳΓɺਖ਼֬Ͱͳ͘ͳΔ w ࠔͬͨʜʜɻ

ͪΌΜͱʮܭଌʯ͠Α͏ w ϓϩϑΝΠϥΛಋೖͨ࣌͠ͷύϑΥʔϚϯε௿ԼΛ ϕϯνϚʔΫ͢Δ w ໨ඪΛઃఆ্ͨ͠Ͱ w ୯ͳΔBWFSBHFϕʔεͷධՁͰ͸ͳ͘ w Ծઆݕఆ Uݕఆ ͯ͠ΈΔ

໨ඪPWFSIFBEҎ಺ w ϓϩϑΝΠϥΛೖΕͯ΋ɺϓϩάϥϜ͕Ҏ্஗͘ͳΒͳ͍ w ଟ෼େৎ෉ w 1G͸ϓϩάϥϜΛҎ্஗͘͠·ͤΜ

ଞʹ΋͜Μͳ೰Έ͕ w ଟ͘ͷύϑΥʔϚϯεπʔϧ͸୯Ұͷ໨తͷͨΊʹ࡞ΒΕ͍ͯΔ w TUSBDF JPTUBU GSFF TBS UPQ w UPQͱ͔͸ͦ͏Ͱ΋ͳ͍͔΋ w ϓϩϑΝΠϥ͸ɺԿΛٻΊΒΕ͍ͯΔ͔෼͔Βͳ͍ʂʂʂ

͜ͷεϥΠυɺ֮͑ͯ·͔͢

͜ͷεϥΠυɺ֮͑ͯ·͔͢ Ռͨͯ͜͠ΕͰྑ͍ͷͩΖ͏͔ʜʜ

ϓϩϑΝΠϥ͸͙͢ΕͨܭଌύοέʔδͰ͋Δ΂͖ ͦ͏৴͍ͯ͡·͢ w ʮܭଌʯʹؔ͢Δ޿ൣͳ஌͕ࣝͳ͍ਓͰ΋ w ͱΓ͋͑ͣΠϯετʔϧ͢Ε͹ w ϓϩάϥϜͷ࣮ߦʹؔ͢Δྑ͍ࣔࠦΛ༩͑ͯ͘ΕΔπʔϧͰ͋ͬͯ΄͍͠ w ʮ͋͊ɺ($ͷ͜ͱ΋ؾʹ͠ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍Μͩʯ w ʮ͋͊ɺ3VCZͰ͸ෳ਺ͷεϨου͸ಉ࣌ʹಈ࡞Ͱ͖ͳ͍Μͩʯ w 6OLOPXO6OLOPXOTΛͳ͘͢πʔϧʹͳΓ͍ͨ

Զ͸ͳʹΛσϑΥϧτʹ͢Ε͹ʜʜ w 'MBNFHSBQIΛग़͢ͷ͕͍͍ͷ͔ʁ w 'MBNFHSBQI͕ສೳͰͳ͍͜ͱ͸஌͍ͬͯΔʜʜ w ϝιουҰཡΛදࣔ͢Δͱ͖ɺݺͼग़͠ճ਺ͱ૯࣮ߦ࣌ؒͷ ͲͪΒͰιʔτ͓ͯ͘͠΂͖ʁ w ͲͪΒ͕༗ҙ͔ٛ͸৔߹ʹΑͬͯҧ͏ʜʜ

Զ͸ͳʹΛσϑΥϧτʹ͢Ε͹ʜʜ w 'MBNFHSBQIΛग़͢ͷ͕͍͍ͷ͔ʁ w 'MBNFHSBQI͕ສೳͰͳ͍͜ͱ͸஌͍ͬͯΔʜʜ w ϝιουҰཡΛදࣔ͢Δͱ͖ɺݺͼग़͠ճ਺ͱ૯࣮ߦ࣌ؒͷ ͲͪΒͰιʔτ͓ͯ͘͠΂͖ʁ w ͲͪΒ͕༗ҙ͔ٛ͸৔߹ʹΑͬͯҧ͏ʜʜ 🙃

͜ͷεϥΠυɺ֮͑ͯ·͔͢

ͭ·Γ3VCZϓϩϑΝΠϥ͸3VCZͰ͸࡞Εͳ͍ িܸͷਅ࣮ w 3VCZͰ͸3VCZͷ͜ͱΛ۱ʑ·Ͱ஌Δ͜ͱ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍͔Βʜʜ w ࠷௿ݶ7.ͷڠྗ͸͍Δ w ʮ͍·ԿΛ࣮ߦͯ͠ΔʁʯΛ׬શʹ೺ѲͰ͖Δͷ͸7.͚ͩ w

ͭ·Γ$Ͱ࣮૷͢Δ͜ͱʹ w ݁ہ3VCZͷ͜ͱΛ஌ΔͨΊʹɺ$3VCZॲཧܥͷϨϕϧʹ߱Γͯ $Λॻ͘͜ͱʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ w ࣮ࡍ͸3VTUΛ࢖ͬͯ·͕͢ w Ͳ͏ͯ͠ʜʜ w $ࣗ਎ͷϓϩϑΝΠϧͰ΋ࣄ৘͸มΘΒͳ͍ɻQFSG͸ͭԼͷϨΠϠʔʹ ͋ͨΔ-JOVYΧʔωϧͷػೳͱ࣮ͯ͠૷͞Ε͍ͯΔ

ϓϩϑΝΠϥͷਖ਼͠͞ͷอূ w ϓϩϑΝΠϥΛ࡞Γ·͢ w ͦΕͬΆ͍݁Ռ͕ग़·͢ w ͓͓ɺͳΜ͔ɺͦΕͬΆ͍ʜʜ w ͦΕͬΆ͍͕ʜʜ w ͜Εͬͯɺຊ౰ʹɺਖ਼͍͠ʁ

"ਖ਼͘͠ͳ͍ ݱ࣮͸ඇ৘Ͱ͋Δ w ϓϩϑΝΠϥ͸ݪཧతʹඇܾఆత w ͋ΔϓϩάϥϜͷϓϩϑΝΠϧ݁Ռ͕ ʮਖ਼͍͠ʯ͔Λςετ͢Δͷ͸ࠔ೉ w ࣮ࡍɺΊͪΌͪ͘ΌόάΔ͠ɺͦΕʹ ؾ෇͚ͳ͍ w ͩͬͯ fl BNFHSBQIͷܗͯ͠Δ͠

Θͨ͘͠ͷ৔߹ w ଞͷϓϩϑΝΠϥͱ౴͑߹ΘͤΛ͍ͯ͠Δ w ·ͬͨ͘ํࣜͷҧ͏ϓϩϑΝΠϥɺ۩ମతʹ͸QFSGͱൺֱ͍ͯ͠Δ w ͱͯ΋ۤ௧Ͱ͋Δ

QFSGͰऔΕΔελοΫ $ϨϕϧͷελοΫ rb_hash_new() rb_vm_exec() vm_exec_core() rb_main() main() __libc_start_main() 1GͰऔΕΔελοΫ 3VCZϨϕϧͷελοΫ Hash#new() foo() w ౰ͨΓલ͕ͩɺશવରԠ͠ͳ͍ w ؤுͬͯ໨ࢹ͢ΔͳΓɺ؆୯ͳεΫϦϓτΛ ॻ͍ͨΓ w ΢ιΛ͔ͭͳ͍ϓϩϑΝΠϥ΁ͷಓ͸ԕ͍

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