How to Write Robust Python Code

by HayaoSuzuki

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ݎ࿚ͳ Python ίʔυΛॻ͘ํ๏ ʰϩόετ PythonʱΛಡ΋͏ Hayao Suzuki BPStudy#189 May 29, 2023

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Who am I ? ͓લ୭Α ໊લ Hayao Suzukiʢླ໦ɹॣʣ Twitter @CardinalXaro ࢓ࣄ Software Developer @ BeProud Inc. › גࣜձࣾϏʔϓϥ΢υ › IT ษڧձࢧԉαʔϏε connpass › ΦϯϥΠϯֶशαʔϏε PyQ › γεςϜ։ൃͷͨΊͷυΩϡϝϯταʔϏε Tracery › 2023 ೥ 5 ݄ 23 ೔ʹ૑ཱ 17 प೥Λܴ͑ͨ 2 / 46

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Who am I ? ؂༁ٕͨ͠ज़ॻ › ϩόετ Python(O’Reilly Japan) New! › ೖ໳ Python 3 ୈ 2 ൛ (O’Reilly Japan) ࠪಡٕͨ͠ज़ॻʢൈਮʣ › Eﬀective Python ୈ 2 ൛ (O’Reilly Japan) › ϚΠΫϩϑϩϯτΤϯυ (O’Reilly Japan) › ϚΠΫϩαʔϏεΞʔΩςΫνϟ ୈ 2 ൛ (O’Reilly Japan) › SQL Ͱ͸͡ΊΔσʔλ෼ੳ (O’Reilly Japan) New! https://xaro.hatenablog.jp/ ʹϦετ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ 3 / 46

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Who am I ? ൃදϦετʢൈਮʣ › ϨΨγʔ Django ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷݱ୅Խ (DjangoCongress JP 2018) › SymPy ʹΑΔ਺ࣜॲཧ (PyCon JP 2018) › Python ͱָ͠Ήॳ౳੔਺࿦ (PyCon mini Hiroshima 2019) › ܅͸ cmath Λ஌͍ͬͯΔ͔ (PyCon mini Shizuoka 2020) › ΠϯϝϞϦʔετϦʔϜ׆༻ज़ (PyCon JP 2020) › ૊ΈࠐΈؔ਺ pow ͷ஌ΒΕ͟ΔਐԽ (PyCon JP 2021) https://xaro.hatenablog.jp/ ʹϦετ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ 4 / 46

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ࠓ೔ͷςʔϚ ݪஶʰRobust Pythonʱ ஶऀ Patrick Viafore ग़൛ࣾ O’Reilly Media ൃߦ೔ 2021 ೥ 7 ݄ ๜༁ʰϩόετ Pythonʱ ຋༁ऀ ླ໦ ॣ ؂༁ɺ௕ඌ ߴ߂ ༁ ग़൛ࣾ O’Reilly Japan ൃߦ೔ 2023 ೥ 3 ݄ ௕ඌ͞Μɺླ໦ͷϖΞ͸ʰೖ໳ Python 3 ୈ 2 ൛ʱҎདྷ 2 ճ໨ 5 / 46

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ࠓ೔ͷςʔϚ ʰϩόετ PythonʱΛಡ΋͏ › ͬ͟ͱɺͲΜͳࣄ͕ॻ͍ͯ͋Δͷ͔঺հ͠·͢ › 384 ϖʔδͷ಺༰Λ 30 ෼ͰಡΜͩؾ෼ʹͳΖ͏ʂ 6 / 46

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ϩόετ Python ͷߏ੒ 4 ෦ߏ੒ ୈ I ෦ ܕΞϊςʔγϣϯ ୈ II ෦ Ϣʔβఆٛܕ ୈ III ෦ େن໛ͳมߋ΁ͷରԠ ୈ IV ෦ ηʔϑςΟωοτͷߏங ͳ͓ɺୈ 1 ষʮϩόετ Python ೖ໳ʯ͸ಋೖͱͳΔষ 7 / 46

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ैདྷͷٕज़ॻͱͷҧ͍ Python ͱܕώϯτ › ܕώϯτ͸ Python 3.5 ͰಋೖʢPEP 484ʣ › Python 3.5 ͸ 2015 ೥ 9 ݄ʹϦϦʔε ܕώϯτͷ෇͚ํ͸͢Ͱʹ஌ͬͯΔΑ › ܕώϯτͷ෇͚ํͷղઆهࣄ΍ॻ੶͸ଟ͍ʢ8 ೥ͷ஝ੵʣ › ܕώϯτͷӡ༻ํ๏΍ߟ͑ํʹ౿ΈࠐΜͩຊ͸ଘࡏ͢Δͷ͔ ͦ΋ͦ΋ɺதڃऀҎ্޲͚ͷ Python ຊͷઈର਺͕গͳ͍ΑͶ 8 / 46

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ϩόετ Python ͷ͕͍͜͜͢͝ ϩόετ Python ͷಛ௃ › ܕώϯτʹ͍ͭͯ 14 ষʹΘͨͬͯৄࡉʹղઆʢୈ I ෦ɺୈ II ෦ʣ › ϩόετͳઃܭ࿦ʢୈ III ෦ʣ › ܕώϯτ΍ܕ͚ͩͰ͸Χόʔ͖͠Εͳ͍ཁૉ΋ରԠʢୈ IV ෦ʣ 9 / 46

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ϩόετ Python ͷओ୊ ʰϩόετ Pythonʱ͕ݴ͍͍ͨ͜ͱ › σʔλܕͱ͸ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯखஈͰ͋Δ › ࣗ෼͕ίʔυͰදݱ͍ͨ͜͠ͱΛσʔλܕΛ࢖ͬͯ໌֬ʹ఻͑Α͏ 10 / 46

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ୈ 1 ষ ϩόετ Python ೖ໳ ϩόετ Python ͬͯͲΜͳຊ ཁ͢Δʹɺຊॻ͸ϩόετʢؤৎ/ؤ݈/ݎ࿚ʣͳ Python Λॻͨ͘ΊͷຊͰ͋Δɻ ʢP. 1ʣ ͦ΋ͦ΋ϩόετͬͯԿʁ ίʔυϕʔεͷϩόετωεͱ͸ɺઈ͑ͣมԽͯ͠΋଱ٱੑ͕ߴ͘ɺΤϥʔΛى͜͞ͳ ͍͜ͱͰ͋Δɻ ʢP. 4ʣ 11 / 46

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ୈ 1 ষ ϩόετ Python ೖ໳ ͳͥϩόετʹ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δͷ͔ʁ ͦͷ౴͑ͷ֩৺͸ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯʹ͋Δɻ ʢதུʣͦͷͨΊʹ͸ɺকདྷͷϝϯςφ ͱ௚઀ձΘͳͯ͘΋ࣗ෼ͷ࿦ڌͱҙਤ͕఻ΘΔΑ͏ʹ͍ͨ͠ɻ 12 / 46

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ୈ 1 ষ ϩόετ Python ೖ໳ ྫɿ ԿΛ͢Δؔ਺Ͱ͠ΐ͏͔ʁ def adjust_recipe(recipe, servings): old_servings = recipe.pop(0) factor = servings / old_servings # ؆୯ʹܭଌͰ͖Δ஋͚ͩΛ࢖͍ͬͯͩ͘͞ new_recipe = {ingredient: (amount * factor, unit) for ingredient, amount, unit in recipe} new_recipe["servings"] = servings return new_recipe 13 / 46

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ୈ 1 ষ ϩόετ Python ೖ໳ ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯͷ෼ྨ ۙ઀ੑ ৘ใͷൃ৴ऀͱड৴ऀͷؒʹ͋Δ࣌ؒతͳڑ཭ ίετ ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯʹඞཁͳ࿑ྗ 14 / 46

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ୈ 1 ষ ϩόετ Python ೖ໳ ͳͥϩόετʹ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δͷ͔ʁ ͦͷ౴͑ͷ֩৺͸ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯʹ͋Δɻ ʢதུʣͦͷͨΊʹ͸ɺকདྷͷϝϯςφ ͱ௚઀ձΘͳͯ͘΋ࣗ෼ͷ࿦ڌͱҙਤ͕఻ΘΔΑ͏ʹ͍ͨ͠ɻ ͦͷͨΊʹ͸ʁ ະདྷͷϝϯςφʹҙਤΛ఻͑Δʹ͸ɺ௿ίετͰۙ઀ੑ͕ෆཁͳίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ͕ ඞཁͰ͋Δɻ 15 / 46

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ୈ 1 ষ ϩόετ Python ೖ໳ ௿ίετͰۙ઀ੑ͕ෆཁͳίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ › ίʔυΛಡΉ͚ͩͰཧղͰ͖Ε͹Α͍ › ίʔυΛཧղ͢Δͷʹඞཁͳ࣌ؒΛ࠷খݶʹ཈͍͑ͨ ͦͷͨΊʹ͸ʁ σʔλܕͷબ୒͸কདྷͷ։ൃऀʹରͯࣗ͠෼ͷҙਤΛදݱ͢Δ͜ͱͰ͋Γɺਖ਼͍͠σʔ λܕΛબ୒͢Ε͹อकੑ͕޲্͢Δɻ ʢP. 19ʣ 16 / 46

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ୈ 1 ষ ϩόετ Python ೖ໳ ྫɿ ԿΛ͢Δؔ਺Ͱ͠ΐ͏͔ʁ from fractions import Fraction def adjust_recipe(recipe: Recipe, servings: int) -> Recipe: # ࡐྉσʔλͷίϐʔΛ࡞Δ new_ingredients = list(recipe.get_ingredients()) recipe.clear_ingredients() for ingredient in new_ingredients: ingredient.adjust_proportion( Fraction(servings, recipe.servings) ) return Recipe(servings, new_ingredients) 17 / 46

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ୈ I ෦ ܕΞϊςʔγϣϯ 2 ষ Python σʔλܕೖ໳ › Python ͸ڧ͍ܕ෇͚ݴޠ › Python ͸ಈతܕ෇͚ݴޠ ಈతܕ෇͚ݴޠ͸ຊ࣭తʹϩόετͰ͸ͳ͍ͷ͔ › ಈతܕ෇͚ݴޠͰ΋ϩόετʹॻ͚Δɺগ͠େมͳ͚ͩ › ੩తܕ෇͚ݴޠͷ৔߹ΑΓ΋Α͘ߟ͑Δඞཁ͕͋Δ › ੩తܕ෇͚ݴޠΛ࢖͑͹ඞͣ͠΋ϩόετʹॻ͚ΔΘ͚Ͱ͸ͳ͍ 18 / 46

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ୈ I ෦ ܕΞϊςʔγϣϯ 3 ষ ܕΞϊςʔγϣϯ › ܕώϯτͷߏจతͳ෇͚ํ͸஌͍ͬͯΔΑͶʢ8 ೥ͷ஝ੵʣ › ܕώϯτ͸πʔϧʢmypy ͳͲʣͱ૊Έ߹ΘͤͯਅՁΛൃش͢Δ ܕώϯτ΋ mypy ΋λμͰ͸ͳ͍ › ެ։ APIɺϥΠϒϥϦͷΤϯυϙΠϯτ › ෳࡶͳܕɺΘ͔Γʹ͍͘ܕ › mypy ઌੜͷࢦࣔʹै͏ 19 / 46

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ୈ I ෦ ܕΞϊςʔγϣϯ 4 ষ ܕ੍໿ › Optional Ͱ͵ΔΆόάΛ௵ͦ͏ › Union ͰදݱՄೳͳঢ়گΛݮͦ͏ › Literal Ͱ͞Βʹ੍໿Λ͔͚Α͏ › Final Ͱఆ਺Ͱ͋Δͱओு͠Α͏ › NewType ͰજࡏతͳόάΛ௵ͦ͏ Annotated ͷ͜ͱɺ࣌ʑͰ͍͍͔Βɺࢥ͍ग़͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ › ೚ҙͷϝλσʔλΛ௥ՃͰ͖Δ͕ɺ୯ͳΔϝλσʔλ › ઐ༻ͷπʔϧ͕Ͱ͖ͨΒ೤͘ͳΔ͔΋ 20 / 46

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ୈ I ෦ ܕΞϊςʔγϣϯ ྫɿ දݱՄೳͳঢ়ଶ͸Կ௨Γʁ @dataclass class Snack: name: str # 3 ௨Γ condiments: set[str] # 4 ௨Γ error_code: int # 6 ௨Γʢ੒ޭ͕ 0 Τϥʔ͕ 1 ͔Β 5ʣ disposed_of: bool # 2 ௨Γ snack = Snack("Hotdog", {"Mustard", "Ketchup"}, 5, False) ౴͑ɿ3 ˆ 4 ˆ 6 ˆ 2 = 144 ௨ΓɻNone ΋ڐ༰͢Δͱʁ 21 / 46

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ୈ I ෦ ܕΞϊςʔγϣϯ ྫɿ දݱՄೳͳঢ়ଶ͸Կ௨Γʁ @dataclass class Snack: name: str # 3 ௨Γ condiments: set[str] # 4 ௨Γ @dataclass class Error: error_code: int # 5 ௨Γʢ੒ޭύλʔϯΛऔΓআ͚Δʣ disposed_of: bool # 2 ௨Γ snack: Union[Snack, Error] = Snack("Hotdog", {"Mustard", "Ketchup"}) ౴͑ɿ3 ˆ 4 + 5 ˆ 2 = 22 ௨Γɻ 22 / 46

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ୈ I ෦ ܕΞϊςʔγϣϯ 5 ষ ίϨΫγϣϯܕ › ಉछίϨΫγϣϯͱҟछίϨΫγϣϯͷ֓೦Λཧղ͠Α͏ ಉछίϨΫγϣϯ ֨ೲ͞Εͨ͢΂ͯͷ஋͕ಉ͡σʔλܕͰ͋ΔίϨΫγϣϯ ҟछίϨΫγϣϯ ҟͳΔσʔλܕΛؚΉίϨΫγϣϯ 23 / 46

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ୈ I ෦ ܕΞϊςʔγϣϯ యܕతͳྫɿJSON Λࣙॻʹม׵͢Δ › dict[str, Union[str, int, float, None]] ͷΑ͏ͳܕ͸ॻ͖ͨ͘ͳ͍ʂ › dict[str, Any] Ͱ͸ܕώϯτ͕ܗͳͩ͠ʂ ͦΜͳ࣌͸ TypedDict ܕώϯτΛ಺ଂͨࣙ͠ॻ ͦΜͳ࣌͸ dataclass ࣗ෼Ͱ JSON ͷܗࣜΛ੍ޚͰ͖ΔͳΒ dataclass ͕Α͍ɻ 24 / 46

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ୈ I ෦ ܕΞϊςʔγϣϯ 6 ষ ܕνΣοΧͷΧελϚΠζ › mypy Ͱ͸ Optional ΍ None ʹؔ͢ΔνΣοΫΛ༗ޮʹ͢Δͱྑ͍Α › mypy ͕஗͍ʁ ͳΒ͹σʔϞϯϞʔυ΍ϦϞʔτΩϟογϡͰߴ଎Խ͠Α͏ ܕνΣοΧ͸ mypy ͚ͩ͡Όͳ͍ Pyre Facebook ੡ɺ੩తղੳπʔϧ Pysa ΋͍ͭͯ͘Δ Pyright Microsoft ੡ɺVSCode ֦ுͷ Pylance ͷϕʔε 25 / 46

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ୈ I ෦ ܕΞϊςʔγϣϯ 7 ষ ࣮ફతͳܕνΣοΫͷಋೖ ϖΠϯϙΠϯτΛಛఆͯ͠ίετΛ͔͚ա͗ͣʹܕώϯτΛ͍ΕΑ͏ ·ͣ͸͔͜͜Β › ৽نίʔυͷΈܕώϯτ › ϘτϜΞοϓʢϢʔςΟϦςΟɺϥΠϒϥϦʣʹܕώϯτ › རӹΛੜΈग़͢ϏδωεϩδοΫʹܕώϯτ › Α͘ॻ͖׵͑Δ৔ॴʹܕώϯτ › ෳࡶͳ෦෼ʹܕώϯτ › MonkeyType ΍ Pytype Ͱࣗಈతʹ෇༩΋༗ޮ͔΋ 26 / 46

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ୈ II ෦ Ϣʔβఆٛܕ 8 ষ ྻڍܕ ੩తͳ஋ͷίϨΫγϣϯ͔Β஋Λ 1 ͚ͭͩදݱ͍ͨ͠৔߹ʹ࢖͏ ྻڍܕͷΞϯνύλʔϯ › ಈతʹ஋͕มԽ͢ΔྻڍܕɻࣙॻΛ࢖͓͏ɻ › IntEnum ΍ IntFlag ͸ޙํޓ׵ੑͷͨΊʹ࢖͏ɻ৽نʹ࢖͏ͷ͸όάͷݩɻ 27 / 46

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ୈ II ෦ Ϣʔβఆٛܕ 9 ষ σʔλΫϥε Python ͷੈքΛେ͖͘ม͑ͨσʔλΫϥεʢݪஶऀҰԡ͠ʣ σʔλΫϥεͷ࢖͍Ͳ͜Ζ › ҟछίϨΫγϣϯ͸σʔλΫϥεɺࣙॻ͸ಉछίϨΫγϣϯ › TypedDict ͱσʔλΫϥε͸ɺ·ͣ͸σʔλΫϥεΛݕ౼͠Α͏ › namedtuple ͸ޙํޓ׵ੑͷͨΊʹ࢖͏ σʔλΫϥε͸ສೳͳͷ͔ʁ › σʔλΫϥε͸ଐੑಉ͕࢜ಠཱ͍ͯ͠Δ৔߹ͷΈ༗ޮ 28 / 46

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ୈ II ෦ Ϣʔβఆٛܕ 10 ষ Ϋϥε › ܅͸Ϋϥεͷຊ౰ͷ࢖͍Ͳ͜ΖΛ஌͍ͬͯΔ͔ › Ϋϥεͱ͸ɺෆมࣜͰ͋Δʢචऀͷςʔθʣ 29 / 46

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ୈ II ෦ Ϣʔβఆٛܕ 11 ষ ΠϯλϑΣʔε › ࢖͍΍͍͢ΠϯλϑΣʔεͱ͸ › ͜ͷষ͸΍΍؍೦తͰ͋Δ ࢖͍΍͍͢ΠϯλϑΣʔεΛ௥ٴ͢Δ › ར༻ऀͷΑ͏ʹߟ͑ΔʢTDDɺREADME ۦಈ։ൃɺϢʔβϏϦςΟςετʣ › ಛघϝιουɺίϯςΩετϚωʔδϟͷ׆༻ 30 / 46

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ୈ II ෦ Ϣʔβఆٛܕ 12 ষ ෦෼ܕ › ܧঝ͸ஔ׵ՄೳੑʢLiskov ͷஔ׵ݪଇʣʹ஫ҙ͢Δ › ܧঝΑΓ΋ίϯϙδγϣϯʢ߹੒ʣ ਖ਼ํܗ͸௕ํܗ͔ʁ › ਺ֶతʹ͸ɺਖ਼ํܗ͸௕ํܗͰ͋Δɻ › ਖ਼ํܗΛ௕ํܗͷܧঝͱͯ͠ද͢ͱഁ୼͢Δɻ ໰ɿਖ਼ํܗͱ௕ํܗͷఆٛΛड़΂Αɻ·ͨɺ໋୊ʮਖ਼ํܗ͸௕ํܗͰ͋ΔʯΛਖ਼ํܗͱ ௕ํܗͷఆٛʹج͍ͮͯূ໌ͤΑɻ 31 / 46

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ୈ II ෦ Ϣʔβఆٛܕ 13 ষ ϓϩτίϧ › ੩తܕνΣοΧͷ݀ΛຒΊΔଘࡏ › μοΫλΠϐϯάͱ੩తܕνΣοΧΛͭͳ͙ϓϩτίϧ › ߏ଄త෦෼ܕͱ໊໨త෦෼ܕΛͭͳ͙ϓϩτίϧ 32 / 46

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ୈ II ෦ Ϣʔβఆٛܕ ߏ଄త෦෼ܕɿσʔλܕͷߏ଄Λجૅͱ͢Δ෦෼ܕ class ShuffleIterator: def __iter__(self): ... def __next__(self): ... ໊໨త෦෼ܕɿσʔλܕͷ໊લΛجૅͱ͢Δ෦෼ܕ class ShuffleIterator(Iterator): ... 33 / 46

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ୈ II ෦ Ϣʔβఆٛܕ 14 ষ pydantic ʹΑΔ࣮ߦ࣌ܕνΣοΫ › ੩తܕνΣοΧͷ݀ΛຒΊΔଘࡏ › ࣗવʹೖྗ஋ͳͲΛνΣοΫͰ͖Δ pydantic ͸ύʔεϥΠϒϥϦͰ΋͋Δ › int ͳΒ͹ “123” ΋ 5.5 ΋ int ʹม׵͢Δ › StrictInt ͳͲΛ࢖͏ඞཁ΋͋Δ͔΋ 34 / 46

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ୈ III ෦ େن໛ͳมߋ΁ͷରԠ 15 ষ ֦ுੑ › ֦ுੑͱ͸ɺγεςϜͷطଘ෦෼Λมߋͤͣʹ৽ػೳΛ௥ՃͰ͖Δͱ͍͏γες Ϝͷੑ࣭ › ։์ด࠯ͷݪଇ͕ϕʔεʢͲͪΒ͕ઌͩΖ͏͔ʁʣ ݪଇҧ൓ͷݟ͚ͭํ › ؆୯ͳ͜ͱ͕೉͘͠ͳ͍ͬͯͳ͍͔ › ྨࣅͷػೳͷ࣮૷͕஗Ε͍ͯͳ͍͔ › ݟੵ΋Γ͕͍ͭ΋େن໛ʹͳ͍ͬͯͳ͍͔ › ίϛοτʹେن໛ͳࠩ෼ؚ͕·Ε͍ͯͳ͍͔ 35 / 46

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ୈ III ෦ େن໛ͳมߋ΁ͷରԠ 16 ষ ґଘؔ܎ ґଘؔ܎͸ 3 छྨ͋Δ › ෺ཧతґଘؔ܎ › ࿦ཧతґଘؔ܎ › ࣌ؒతґଘؔ܎ ґଘؔ܎ΛՄࢹԽͤΑ › αʔυύʔςΟϥΠϒϥϦಉ࢜ͷґଘؔ܎ › ΠϯϙʔτϞδϡʔϧؒͷґଘؔ܎ › ؔ਺ͷݺͼग़͠ͷՄࢹԽ 36 / 46

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ୈ III ෦ େن໛ͳมߋ΁ͷରԠ 17 ষ ίϯϙʔβϏϦςΟ ίʔυΛϙϦγʔͱϝΧχζϜʹ෼཭ͤΑ ϙϦγʔ ϏδωεχʔζΛղܾ͢ΔͨΊͷ௚઀ͷ੹೚Λ୲͏ίʔυ ϝΧχζϜ ϙϦγʔΛ࣮ݱ͢Δ࢓૊ΈΛఏڙ͢Δίʔυ 37 / 46

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ୈ III ෦ େن໛ͳมߋ΁ͷରԠ ྫɿ ϙϦγʔͱϝΧχζϜͷ෼཭ def repeat(times: int = 1) -> collections.abc.Callable def _repeat(func: collections.abc.Callable): @functools.wrap(func) def _wrapper(*args, **kwargs): for _ in range(times): func(*args, **kwargs) return _wrapper return _repeat ϝΧχζϜʢؔ਺Λ܁Γฦ͠ݺͼग़͢ʣͱϙϦγʔʢؔ਺ͷத਎ʣΛσίϨʔλͰ෼཭ ͢Δɻ 38 / 46

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ୈ III ෦ େن໛ͳมߋ΁ͷରԠ 18 ষͱ 19 ষ 15 ষʮ֦ுੑʯ ɺ16 ষʮґଘؔ܎ʯ ɺ17 ষʮίϯϙʔβϏϦςΟʯͷ۩ମྫͱͯ͠ಡ ΋͏ɻ ۩ମతͳઃܭ࿦ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ΦϥΠϦʔ͔Β͍͍ຊ͕ͰΔΒ͍͠...ʁ 39 / 46

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ୈ IV ෦ ηʔϑςΟωοτͷߏங 20 ষ ੩తղੳ ੩తղੳ ຊॻͰ͸ Pylint ͕঺հ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͕ɺݸਓతʹ͸ ﬂake8 ͕Α͍ͱࢥͬ ͍ͯΔɻ ෳࡶ౓νΣοΧ MeCabe ͷ॥؀తෳࡶ౓ɺۭന਺ώϡʔϦεςΟΫε ηΩϡϦςΟ Bandit ੩తղੳ͚ͩʹߜͬͯ͸͍͚ͳ͍ ෳ਺ͷղੳπʔϧΛಋೖͯ͠๷ӴઢΛෳ਺ߏங͠Α͏ 40 / 46

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ୈ IV ෦ ηʔϑςΟωοτͷߏங 21 ষ ςετઓུ ҎԼͷ 2 ࡭ΛಡΜͰ͍Δਓʹ͸΋ͷͨΓͳ͍͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɻ › ςετۦಈ Pythonʢᠳӭࣾʣ › ୯ମςετͷߟ͑ํʗ࢖͍ํʢϚΠφϏग़൛ʣ pytest Λ࢖͏ͱࣗવʹ࣮ફͰ͖Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ 41 / 46

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ୈ IV ෦ ηʔϑςΟωοτͷߏங 22 ষ ड͚ೖΕςετ Gherkin ݴޠΛ঺հ͍ͯ͠Δ͕ɺݸਓతʹ͸Ͳ͏ͩΖ͏ɺͱ͍͏ɻ ͋ΔϓϩάϥϚͷࢥ͍ग़ աڈɺ࢓ࣄΛ࢝Ίͨ͹͔Γͷࠒɺ·ͱ΋ʹϓϩάϥϛϯά͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ঢ়ଶͰ BDD ΍ Cucumber ΛؚΉ Ruby on Rails ͷνϡʔτϦΞϧΛಡΜͰɺBDD ΍ Cucumber ͕ۤखʹͳͬͨɻͦΕΛະͩʹҾ͖͍ͣͬͯΔͷ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɻ 42 / 46

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ୈ IV ෦ ηʔϑςΟωοτͷߏங 23 ষ ϓϩύςΟϕʔεςετ Hypothesis ʹΑΔϓϩύςΟϕʔεςετͷ঺հ ϓϩύςΟϕʔεςετͱ͸ ݻఆͨ͠ೖग़ྗʹجͮ͘ςετͰ͸ͳ͘ɺೖग़ྗ͕ຬͨ͢΂͖ੑ࣭Λهड़͢Δςετɻ ͦͷੑ࣭Λຬͨ͢஋Λπʔϧ͕ࣗಈੜ੒ͯ͠ςετέʔεΛੜ੒͢Δɻ 43 / 46

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ୈ IV ෦ ηʔϑςΟωοτͷߏங 24 ষ ϛϡʔςʔγϣϯςετ mutmut ʹΑΔϛϡʔςʔγϣϯςετͷ঺հ ϛϡʔςʔγϣϯςετͱ͸ ςετࣗମΛςετ͢ΔςετɻιʔείʔυΛπʔϧͰॻ͖׵͑ͯطଘͷςετΛ ૸Βͤͯɺςετ͕੒ޭͯ͠͠·ͬͨ΋ͷΛᖰΓͩ͢ɻ 44 / 46

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·ͱΊ ʰϩόετ Pythonʱ͕ݴ͍͍ͨ͜ͱ › σʔλܕͱ͸ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯखஈͰ͋Δ › ࣗ෼͕ίʔυͰදݱ͍ͨ͜͠ͱΛσʔλܕΛ࢖ͬͯ໌֬ʹ఻͑Α͏ 45 / 46

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·ͱΊ ͬͦ͘͞ߪೖ͠Α͏ › https://www.oreilly.co.jp/books/9784814400171/ › https://www.ohmsha.co.jp/book/9784814400171/ ΦϥΠϦʔֶशϓϥοτϑΥʔϜͱ͸ › https://www.oreilly.co.jp/online-learning/ › 6 ສ࡭Ҏ্ͷॻ੶ʢ೔ຊޠॻ੶΋͋Δʂʣ › 3 ສ࣌ؒҎ্ͷಈը › ۀքΤΩεύʔτʹΑΔϥΠϒΠϕϯτ › ΠϯλϥΫςΟϒͳγφϦΦͱαϯυϘοΫεΛ࢖࣮ͬͨફతͳֶश › ެࣜೝఆࢼݧରࡦࢿྉ › ʰϩόετ Pythonʱ΋ΦϥΠϦʔֶशϓϥοτϑΥʔϜͰಡΈ์୊ʢ༧ఆʣ 46 / 46