内部品質・フロー効率・コミュニケーションコストを悪化させ現場を苦しめかねない16の組織設計アンチパターン［超簡易版］ / 16 Organization Design Anti-Patterns for Software Development

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̼BUTVNPUPT!NUYT ಺෦඼࣭ɾϑϩʔޮ཰ɾίϛϡχέʔγϣϯίετΛ ѱԽͤ͞ݱ৔Λۤ͠Ί͔Ͷͳ͍ ͷ૊৫ઃܭΞϯνύλʔϯ ʦ௒؆қ൛ʧ ॻ੶ʰνʔϜͷྗͰ૊৫Λಈ͔͢ʙιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃΛՃ଎͢ΔνʔϜࢦ޲ͷ૊৫ઃܭʱΑΓ

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͸͡Ίʹ ຊεϥΠυ͸ɺॻ੶ʰνʔϜͷྗͰ૊৫Λಈ͔͢ʙιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃΛՃ଎͢ΔνʔϜࢦ޲ͷ૊৫ઃܭʱ ୈষ͓ΑͼୈষͰղઆ͞Ε͍ͯΔɺͷ૊৫ઃܭΞϯνύλʔϯΛ΋ͱʹஶऀࣗΒ࡞੒ͨ͠௒؆қ൛ࢿྉ Ͱ͢ɻ֤ύλʔϯͷΑΓৄ͍֓͠ཁ΍঱ঢ়ɺ໰୊఺ɺղܾࡦʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɺॻ੶൛Λ͝ཡ͍ͩ͘͞ɻ ॻ੶ʹ΋هࡌͷͱ͓ΓɺҎԼͷ఺ʹ͝஫ҙ͍ͩ͘͞ɻ ˞Ҿ༻தͷʮຊষͱ࣍ষʯͱ͸ୈষͱୈষͷ͜ͱ ᶸ ᶹ ʰνʔϜͷྗͰ૊৫Λಈ͔͢ʙιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃΛՃ଎͢ΔνʔϜࢦ޲ͷ૊৫ઃܭʱٕज़ධ࿦ࣾ ೥ ୈষ IUUQTHJIZPKQCPPL ຊষͱ࣍ষͰ঺հ͢Δͷ૊৫ઃܭ͸ɺ૊৫ͷঢ়گʹΑͬͯ͸Ξϯνύλʔϯͱ͸ͳΒͣɺ͏·͘ػೳ͢Δέ ʔε΋͋Γಘ·͢ɻ͜͜Ͱ͸ओʹɺ࣍ͷΑ͏ͳ૊৫Λ૝ఆ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱΛ೦಄ʹஔ͍ͨ͏͑Ͱ׆༻ͯͩ͘͠͞ ͍ɻ uιϑτ΢ΣΞͷडୗ։ൃ૊৫ΑΓ΋ɺࣗࣾιϑτ΢ΣΞϓϩμΫτΛ಺੡͢Δ૊৫ u৽نϓϩμΫτΛ։ൃ͢Δ૊৫ΑΓ΋ɺطଘϓϩμΫτͷ։ൃͱอकɺӡ༻Λܧଓ͢Δ૊৫ uϓϩμΫτ΍ਓһ਺͕খن໛ͳ૊৫ΑΓ΋ɺਓ͕૿Ճ͠ɺෳ਺ͷνʔϜ͕ϓϩμΫτʹؔΘ͍ͬͯΔ૊৫

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νʔϜͷྗͰ૊৫Λಈ͔͢ ʙιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃΛՃ଎͢ΔνʔϜࢦ޲ͷ૊৫ઃܭ IUUQTHJIZPKQCPPL ग़൛ٕࣾज़ධ࿦ࣾ ൃച೔೥݄೔ *4#/ *4#/ ʮνʔϜʯͱ͍͏୯ҐΛͳ͍͕͠Ζʹ͢Δ૊৫͸ɺ͏·͘ػೳ͠·ͤΜɻ೔ʑͷۀ຿ϑϩʔ͕ෳࡶͰೖΓ ૊Έɺඇޮ཰ʹͳΓ͕ͪʹͳΓ·͢ɻͨͱ͑ϓϩδΣΫτ͕੒ޭͨ͠ͱͯ͠΋ɺ࠶ݱੑ͕͋Γ·ͤΜɻݱ ৔͸͍ͭ΋खҰഋͰɺ༨༟ͷͳ͍ঢ়ଶ͕ଓ͖·͢ɻ ຊॻͰ͸ɺͦΜͳl͏·͍͔͘ͳ͍૊৫zͰੜ͡Δ໰୊Λɺ૊৫ઃܭͷࢹ఺͔Βղܾʹಋ͖·͢ɻνʔϜΛ࠷ খ୯Ґͱ͢ΔʮνʔϜࢦ޲ʯʹجͮ͘૊৫ઃܭʹΑͬͯɺ૊৫Λ৵͢໰୊Λղফ͢Δ͜ͱΛ໨ࢦ͠·͢ɻ ૊৫ઃܭͱͯ͠ආ͚Δ΂͖ͷΞϯνύλʔϯ΍ɺνʔϜத৺ͷ૊৫࡞ΓͷͨΊͷͭͷݪଇɺνʔϜͷ ػೳͱ഑ஔΛߟ͑ΔͨΊͷͭͷΨΠυϥΠϯΛऩ࿥ɻʮΞδϟΠϧʯʮϦʔϯʯʮ%FW0QTʯʮίϯ΢Σ Πͷ๏ଇʯʮνʔϜτϙϩδʔʯɺͦͯ͠૊৫࿦ͱͯ͠ͷʮ.JDSPTFSWJDFTʯͱ͍ͬͨߟ͑ํʹج͍ͮͯղ આ͠·͢ɻ ର৅ಡऀ͸ɺ૊৫ઃܭΛ୲͏ΤϯδχΞϦϯάϚωʔδϟʔΛ૝ఆ͍ͯ͠·͕͢ɺݱ৔Ͱಇ͘ϝϯόʔʹ ͱͬͯ΋ɺ೔ʑײ͡Δ໰୊೺Ѳʹ໾ཱͭͰ͠ΐ͏ɻ͞ΒʹɺΤϯδχΞϦϯάܦݧͷͳ͍ϏδωεϦʔμ ʔ΍ϓϩμΫτϚωʔδϟʔʹͱͬͯ΋ɺΤϯδχΞϦϯά૊৫ΛΑΓਂ͘஌ΔͨΊͷ༗ӹͳ৘ใݯͱͳ Δ͸ͣͰ͢ɻ

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ίϯςϯπ w ಺෦඼࣭ΛѱԽͤ͞Δ૊৫ઃܭΞϯνύλʔϯΧλϩά w ϑϩʔޮ཰ͱίϛϡχέʔγϣϯίετΛѱԽͤ͞Δ૊৫ઃܭΞϯνύλʔϯΧλϩά

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಺෦඼࣭ΛѱԽͤ͞Δ૊৫ઃܭΞϯνύλʔϯΧλϩά ʰνʔϜͷྗͰ૊৫Λಈ͔͢ʙιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃΛՃ଎͢ΔνʔϜࢦ޲ͷ૊৫ઃܭʱٕज़ධ࿦ࣾ ೥ ୈষ

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಺෦඼࣭ΛѱԽͤ͞Δ૊৫ઃܭΞϯνύλʔϯ ڞ༗Ϧιʔεϓʔϧ ϓϩδΣΫτͷ౓ʹνʔϜΛฤ੒͍ͯ͠Δ ෆ࿈ଓͳνʔϜ ϓϩμΫτʹઐଐνʔϜΛ഑උ͠ͳ͍ ߦ͖ա͗ͨݻఆԽ νʔϜฤ੒Λ௕ظʹ౉Γมߋ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ ແ੍ݶͷίʔυڞ༗ ͲͷྖҬͷίʔυͰ΋੍ݶͳ͘୭΋͕มߋͰ͖Δ อकɾӡ༻ͷ෼཭ ։ൃνʔϜ͕อकɾӡ༻ۀ຿Λ஌Βͳ͍ ඼࣭อূͷҰۃूத ඼࣭ΛςετϑΣʔζʹཔΓա͍͗ͯΔ υϝΠϯ஌ࣝͷաૄ஍ ސ٬ͱ։ൃϝϯόʔͷڑ཭͕ԕ͍ ແྗͳଞݾ؅ཧܕνʔϜ νʔϜʹܾఆݖ͕ͳ͍ ʰνʔϜͷྗͰ૊৫Λಈ͔͢ʙιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃΛՃ଎͢ΔνʔϜࢦ޲ͷ૊৫ઃܭʱٕज़ධ࿦ࣾ ೥ ୈষ IUUQTHJIZPKQCPPL

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ᶸ ᶹ ʰνʔϜͷྗͰ૊৫Λಈ͔͢ʙιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃΛՃ଎͢ΔνʔϜࢦ޲ͷ૊৫ઃܭʱٕज़ධ࿦ࣾ ೥ IUUQTHJIZPKQCPPL Ξϯνύλʔϯ ڞ༗Ϧιʔεϓʔϧ ϓϩδΣΫτͷ౓ʹνʔϜΛฤ੒͍ͯ͠Δ ʮڞ༗ϦιʔεϓʔϧʯܕͷΤϯδχΞϦϯά෦໳͸ɺࣾ಺Ͱൃ଍͞ΕΔϓϩδΣΫτͷٻΊʹ Ԡ͡ɺΤϯδχΞΛି͠ग़͢͜ͱ͕ओཁͳ੹຿Ͱ͢ɻͦ͏ͯ͠ϓϩδΣΫτൃ଍ͷ౓ʹ৽ͨʹฤ ੒͞ΕΔϓϩδΣΫτνʔϜ͸ɺޓ͍ʹ͏·͘ϑΥϩʔ͋͑ͣ͠ɺίʔυ඼࣭ͷѱԽΛ๷͖͗Ε ·ͤΜɻͦͷ݁Ռͱͯ͠ɺ૊৫͸ɺແ๳Ͱແ֮ࣗͳෛ࠴Λ๊͑Δ͜ͱʹͳΓ·͢ɻ

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ᶸ ᶹ Ξϯνύλʔϯ ෆ࿈ଓͳνʔϜ ϓϩμΫτʹઐଐνʔϜΛ഑උ͠ͳ͍ ʮෆ࿈ଓͳνʔϜʯ͸ɺ֤ྖҬ΁ͷνʔϜ഑උʹҰ؏ੑ͕ͳ͘ɺϓϩδΣΫτͷͨͼʹ୲౰νʔ Ϝ͕มΘͬͯ͠·͏ମ੍Λࢦ͠·͢ɻ͜ͷํࣜΛબͿ૊৫͸ɺϓϩδΣΫτͰಘͨ஌ࣝ΍ܦݧΛ ࣍ͷϓϩδΣΫτʹ׆͔ͤͳ͍ͨΊɺແ๳Ͱແ֮ࣗͳෛ࠴Λ๊͑΍͘͢ͳΓ·͢ɻ ʰνʔϜͷྗͰ૊৫Λಈ͔͢ʙιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃΛՃ଎͢ΔνʔϜࢦ޲ͷ૊৫ઃܭʱٕज़ධ࿦ࣾ ೥ IUUQTHJIZPKQCPPL

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ᶸ ᶹ Ξϯνύλʔϯ ߦ͖ա͗ͨݻఆԽ νʔϜฤ੒Λ௕ظʹ౉Γมߋ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ ҆ఆͨ͠νʔϜ͕Α͍ͱݴͬͯ΋ɺྲྀಈੑ͕ͳ͍ঢ়ଶ͕͋·Γʹ௕͘ଓ͘Α͏ͳʮߦ͖ա͗ͨݻ ఆԽʯ͸ɺۀ຿͕ଐਓԽ͢ΔϦεΫΛ൐͍·͢ɻίʔυ΋ଐਓԽ͔Β໔ΕΒΕͣɺଞਓ͔Β͸ཧղ ͠ʹ͍͘΋ͷʹͳͬͯ͠·͍·͢ɻͦ͏ͯ͠ɺແ๳Ͱҙਤతͳෛ࠴Λ๊͑Δ͜ͱʹͳΔͷͰ͢ɻ ʰνʔϜͷྗͰ૊৫Λಈ͔͢ʙιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃΛՃ଎͢ΔνʔϜࢦ޲ͷ૊৫ઃܭʱٕज़ධ࿦ࣾ ೥ IUUQTHJIZPKQCPPL

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ᶸ ᶹ Ξϯνύλʔϯ ແ੍ݶͷίʔυڞ༗ ͲͷྖҬͷίʔυͰ΋੍ݶͳ͘୭΋͕มߋͰ͖Δ ʮແ੍ݶͷίʔυڞ༗ʯͱ͸ɺϓϩμΫτΛߏ੒͢Δ͢΂ͯͷίʔυΛ૊৫શମͰڞ༗͠ɺ୭Ͱ ΋੍ݶແ͠ͰมߋՄೳͱ͢ΔϙϦγʔͰ͢ɻͦͷΑ͏ͳ૊৫Ͱ͸ɺίʔυઃܭͷҰ؏ੑΛࣦ͏Ϧ εΫΛ๊͍͑ͯ·͢ɻ༷ʑͳਓͷखʹΑͬͯίʔυʹมߋ͕Ճ͑ΒΕ͍ͯ͘தͰɺແ๳Ͱແ֮ࣗͳ ෛ࠴ͱɺແ๳Ͱҙਤతͳෛ࠴ͷ྆ํΛ๊͑Δ͜ͱʹͳΔ͔ΒͰ͢ɻ ʰνʔϜͷྗͰ૊৫Λಈ͔͢ʙιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃΛՃ଎͢ΔνʔϜࢦ޲ͷ૊৫ઃܭʱٕज़ධ࿦ࣾ ೥ IUUQTHJIZPKQCPPL

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ᶸ ᶹ Ξϯνύλʔϯ อकɾӡ༻ͷ෼཭ ։ൃνʔϜ͕อकɾӡ༻ۀ຿Λ஌Βͳ͍ ʮอकɾӡ༻ͷ෼཭ʯ͸ɺຊ൪γεςϜ͔ΒͷϑΟʔυόοΫΛಘΔػձΛ։ൃνʔϜ͔Βୣ͍ ·͢ɻ൴Β͸ֶͼΛಘΒΕͳ͍͕ނʹɺӡ༻ʹؔ࿈͢Δ඼࣭ʹରͯ͠ແ஌ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ͜Ε͸ɺ ແ๳Ͱແ֮ࣗͳෛ࠴ͱແ๳Ͱҙਤతͳෛ࠴ͷ྆ํΛ๊͑΍͍͢૊৫ߏ଄Ͱ͢ɻ ʰνʔϜͷྗͰ૊৫Λಈ͔͢ʙιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃΛՃ଎͢ΔνʔϜࢦ޲ͷ૊৫ઃܭʱٕज़ධ࿦ࣾ ೥ IUUQTHJIZPKQCPPL

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ᶸ ᶹ Ξϯνύλʔϯ ඼࣭อূͷҰۃूத ඼࣭ΛςετϑΣʔζʹཔΓա͍͗ͯΔ ֎෦඼࣭ͷݕূͱ໰୊ͷमਖ਼͕ɺຊ൪σϓϩΠ௚લͷςετϓϩηε͚ͩͰ࣮ࢪ͞Ε͍ͯΔͷͰ ͋Ε͹ɺͦΕ͸ʮ඼࣭อূͷҰۃूதʯͰ͢ɻ͜ͷΑ͏ͳ૊৫ͷ։ൃνʔϜ͔Β͸ɺςετίʔ υͷͳ͍ػೳίʔυ͕ྔ࢈͞Ε·͢ɻͦΕ͸ɺཧղ΍มߋͷࠔ೉ͳίʔυΛੜΉݪҼͱͳΓɺແ ๳Ͱҙਤతͳෛ࠴Λ๊͑Δ͜ͱΛҙຯ͠·͢ɻ ʰνʔϜͷྗͰ૊৫Λಈ͔͢ʙιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃΛՃ଎͢ΔνʔϜࢦ޲ͷ૊৫ઃܭʱٕज़ධ࿦ࣾ ೥ IUUQTHJIZPKQCPPL ظݶʹ௥ΘΕͨ։ൃऀ͸ɺػೳίʔυΛ࣮૷͢Δ͜ͱͰखҰഋͱͳΓɺςετίʔυʹखΛճͤͳ͘ͳͬͨΓ͠·͢ɻ

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ᶸ ᶹ Ξϯνύλʔϯ υϝΠϯ஌ࣝͷաૄ஍ ސ٬ͱ։ൃϝϯόʔͷڑ཭͕ԕ͍ ʮυϝΠϯ஌ࣝͷաૄ஍ʯͱ͸ɺ͍ΘΏΔʮ্ྲྀʯͱʮԼྲྀʯͷ෼ۀ͕ਐΈա͗ͨͨΊʹɺυϝ Πϯ஌͕ࣝ։ൃऀʹ஝ੵ͞Εͳ͍ঢ়ଶΛࢦ͠·͢ɻ͜͏ͨܽ͠མ͸ɺ࠷దͳΞʔΩςΫνϟ΍ઃ ܭͷબ୒Λࠔ೉ʹͯ͠͠·͍ɺແ๳Ͱແ֮ࣗͳෛ࠴Λ๊͑ΔݪҼͱͳͬͯ͠·͍·͢ɻ ʰνʔϜͷྗͰ૊৫Λಈ͔͢ʙιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃΛՃ଎͢ΔνʔϜࢦ޲ͷ૊৫ઃܭʱٕज़ධ࿦ࣾ ೥ IUUQTHJIZPKQCPPL

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ᶸ ᶹ Ξϯνύλʔϯ ແྗͳଞݾ؅ཧܕνʔϜ νʔϜʹܾఆݖ͕ͳ͍ ܾఆݖΛ΄ͱΜͲ࣋ͨͳ͍ʮແྗͳଞݾ؅ཧܕνʔϜʯ͸ɺࣗ෼͕ͨͪԿΛ΍Δ͔ʹ͍ͭͯɺν ʔϜ֎͔Βࢦࣔ͞Ε·͢ɻͦͷଟ͘͸Ϗδωεࢹ఺ʹجͮ͘ҙࢥܾఆͰ͋Γɺٕज़໘Ͱͷҙݟ͕ औΓೖΕΒΕͣɺແ๳Ͱҙਤతͳෛ࠴Λ๊͑΍͘͢ͳΓ·͢ɻ ʰνʔϜͷྗͰ૊৫Λಈ͔͢ʙιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃΛՃ଎͢ΔνʔϜࢦ޲ͷ૊৫ઃܭʱٕज़ධ࿦ࣾ ೥ IUUQTHJIZPKQCPPL

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ϑϩʔޮ཰ͱίϛϡχέʔγϣϯίετΛѱԽͤ͞Δ ૊৫ઃܭΞϯνύλʔϯΧλϩά ʰνʔϜͷྗͰ૊৫Λಈ͔͢ʙιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃΛՃ଎͢ΔνʔϜࢦ޲ͷ૊৫ઃܭʱٕज़ධ࿦ࣾ ೥ ୈষ

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ϑϩʔޮ཰ͱίϛϡχέʔγϣϯίετΛѱԽͤ͞Δ૊৫ઃܭΞϯνύλʔϯ εύήοςΟ૊৫ ϓϩδΣΫτମ੍͕૊৫಺Ͱෳࡶʹབྷ·͍ͬͯΔ ਫฏ౷߹ ૊৫Λٕज़؍఺ͰνʔϜ෼͚͍ͯ͠Δ ଈڵతͳ։ൃϓϩηε ։ൃϓϩηε͕͍͋·͍Ͱա౓ʹॊೈੑΛॏࢹ͍ͯ͠Δ ௿ڽूͳۀ຿ػೳ ۀ຿ػೳͷҰ෦͕νʔϜʹ͚͍ܽͯΔ Ͷ͡Είϯ΢ΣΠ ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯߏ଄ͱγεςϜߏ଄ʹဃ཭͕͋Δ ϝϯόʔڞ༗ ݉຿ϝϯόʔ͕νʔϜʹଘࡏ͢Δ ਓؾऀνʔϜ ίϯϙʔωϯτΛڞ༗Խ͠ઐ೚ͷ։ൃνʔϜΛ͚͍ͭͯΔ όϦϡʔετϦʔϜͷ߹ྲྀ఺ ͭͷνʔϜ͕ෳ਺ͷόϦϡʔετϦʔϜʹ഑උ͞Ε͍ͯΔ ʰνʔϜͷྗͰ૊৫Λಈ͔͢ʙιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃΛՃ଎͢ΔνʔϜࢦ޲ͷ૊৫ઃܭʱٕज़ධ࿦ࣾ ೥ ୈষ IUUQTHJIZPKQCPPL

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ᶸ ᶹ Ξϯνύλʔϯ εύήοςΟ૊৫ ϓϩδΣΫτମ੍͕૊৫಺Ͱෳࡶʹབྷ·͍ͬͯΔ খن໛ͳ։ൃϓϩδΣΫτΛ͍ͭ͘΋ฒ૸ͤ͞ΔϓϩμΫτ։ൃํࣜ͸ɺʮεύήοςΟ૊৫ʯ ͷେ͖ͳಛ௃Ͱ͢ɻ͜ͷΑ͏ͳ૊৫͸ɺ։ൃϝϯόʔ͕ݟੵΓରԠ΍։ൃʹ௥ΘΕɺৗଶతͳ։ ൃϦιʔεෆ଍ʹؕΓ΍͘͢ͳΓ·͢ɻͦͷ݁Ռɺଟ͘ͷ։ൃϝϯόʔ͕ෳ਺ͷϓϩδΣΫτΛ ֻ͚࣋ͪ͠ɺϓϩδΣΫτͷεέδϡʔϧௐ੔͕සൃ͠·͢ɻͦ͏ͯ͠ɺϓϩδΣΫτͷϑϩʔ͕ ෳࡶʹབྷΈ߹͍ɺޓ͍ʹӨڹ͠߹͍ɺ଺ཹΛੜͤ͡͞ΔͷͰ͢ɻ ʰνʔϜͷྗͰ૊৫Λಈ͔͢ʙιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃΛՃ଎͢ΔνʔϜࢦ޲ͷ૊৫ઃܭʱٕज़ධ࿦ࣾ ೥ IUUQTHJIZPKQCPPL

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औΓѻ͏ٕज़ྖҬͷ୯ҐͰฤ੒͞Εͨ։ൃνʔϜ͸ɺʮਫฏ౷߹ʯܕͷνʔϜͰ͢ɻ͜ͷϑΥʔ ϝʔγϣϯΛͱΔ૊৫Ͱ͸ɺଟ͘ͷέʔεʹ͓͍ͯɺνʔϜ୯ಠͰػೳ։ൃ͕ਐΊΒΕ·ͤΜɻ ෳ਺νʔϜ͕߹ಉͰϓϩδΣΫτΛਐΊ͟ΔΛಘͳ͘ͳΓ·͢ɻͦͷաఔͰௐ੔ʹΑΔίϛϡχ έʔγϣϯίετΛࢧ෷͍ɺಉظ଴ͪʹΑΔϑϩʔͷ଺ཹΛҾ͖ى͜͠·͢ɻ ᶸ ᶹ Ξϯνύλʔϯ ਫฏ౷߹ ૊৫Λٕज़؍఺ͰνʔϜ෼͚͍ͯ͠Δ ʰνʔϜͷྗͰ૊৫Λಈ͔͢ʙιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃΛՃ଎͢ΔνʔϜࢦ޲ͷ૊৫ઃܭʱٕज़ධ࿦ࣾ ೥ IUUQTHJIZPKQCPPL

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ᶸ ᶹ Ξϯνύλʔϯ ଈڵతͳ։ൃϓϩηε ։ൃϓϩηε͕͍͋·͍Ͱա౓ʹॊೈੑΛ ॏࢹ͍ͯ͠Δ ʮଈڵతͳ։ൃϓϩηεʯͰϓϩδΣΫτΛਐΊΔνʔϜʹ͸ɺ໌֬ͳ։ൃϓϩηεఆ͕ٛଘࡏ ͠·ͤΜɻϓϩηε಺ͷͦΕͧΕͷεςʔδͰԿΛ͢Δͷ͔ɺԿ͕Ͱ͖͍ͯͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍͔ ͕͍͋·͍Ͱ͢ɻׂΓࠐΈͰͷػೳ։ൃ΍࢓༷มߋ΁ͷॊೈͳରԠʹॏ͖Λஔͨ͘ΊɺྟػԠม ʹ։ൃΛਐΊΔ͜ͱ΋ಛ௃Ͱ͢ɻͦͷ୅ঈͱͯ͠ɺϓϩδΣΫτͷܭը΍࣮ߦ͕ෳࡶʹͳΓɺ݁Ռ తʹϑϩʔΛ஗ͯ͘͠͠·͍·͢ɻ ʰνʔϜͷྗͰ૊৫Λಈ͔͢ʙιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃΛՃ଎͢ΔνʔϜࢦ޲ͷ૊৫ઃܭʱٕज़ධ࿦ࣾ ೥ IUUQTHJIZPKQCPPL

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ᶸ ᶹ Ξϯνύλʔϯ ௿ڽूͳۀ຿ػೳ ۀ຿ػೳͷҰ෦͕νʔϜʹ͚͍ܽͯΔ ͭͷۀ຿ػೳΛͦͷߏ੒ཁૉͰ੾Γ෼͚ɺͦΕͧΕݸผͷνʔϜͰ෼୲͢Δ૊৫͸ɺʮ௿ڽूͳ ۀ຿ػೳʯ͕Ҿ͖ى͜͢໰୊ʹۤ͠Έ·͢ɻͦͷ঱ঢ়͸ɺ޻ఔ͝ͱͷ෼ۀ΍ɺԿΒ͔ͷঝೝͱ͍ ͬͨܗͰϑϩʔʹݱΕ·͢ɻ͜Ε͕ɺίϛϡχέʔγϣϯίετͷ૿Ճ΍ख໭ΓʹΑΔϑϩʔͷ ٯྲྀɺ଴ͪ࣌ؒʹΑΔϑϩʔͷ଺ཹΛҾ͖ى͜͠·͢ɻ ʰνʔϜͷྗͰ૊৫Λಈ͔͢ʙιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃΛՃ଎͢ΔνʔϜࢦ޲ͷ૊৫ઃܭʱٕज़ධ࿦ࣾ ೥ IUUQTHJIZPKQCPPL ͜͜Ͱݴ͏ۀ຿ػೳͱ͸ɺʮιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃʯۀ຿΍ʮγεςϜӡ༻ʯۀ຿ͱ͍ͬͨɺ૊৫ͷதͰνʔϜ͕l੹຿zͱ͢Δ࢓ࣄͷ୯ҐΛࢦ͠·͢ɻ

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ᶸ ᶹ Ξϯνύλʔϯ Ͷ͡Είϯ΢ΣΠ ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯߏ଄ͱγεςϜߏ଄ʹ ဃ཭͕͋Δ γεςϜͷߏ଄͸ɺͦΕΛઃܭ͢Δ૊৫ͷίϛϡχέʔγϣϯͷߏ଄Λਅࣅͨ΋ͷʹͳΔͱ͍͏ ͷ͕ίϯ΢ΣΠͷ๏ଇͰ͢ɻ͔͠͠ɺ೥݄ͱͱ΋ʹ྆ऀͷߏ଄ʹဃ཭͕ੜͯ͡͠·͏͜ͱ͕͋Γ ·͢ɻͦͷΑ͏ͳঢ়ଶ͕ʮͶ͡Είϯ΢ΣΠʯͰ͢ɻͦ͜Ͱ͸ॴ༗ݖΛ·͍ͨͩίʔυͷมߋ͕ଟ ൃ͠ɺίϛϡχέʔγϣϯίετͷ૿Ճ΍ϑϩʔͷ஗Ԇɺ಺෦඼࣭ͷ௿Լʹ೰·͞ΕΔ͜ͱʹͳ Γ·͢ɻ ʰνʔϜͷྗͰ૊৫Λಈ͔͢ʙιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃΛՃ଎͢ΔνʔϜࢦ޲ͷ૊৫ઃܭʱٕज़ධ࿦ࣾ ೥ IUUQTHJIZPKQCPPL

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ᶸ ᶹ Ξϯνύλʔϯ ϝϯόʔڞ༗ ݉຿ϝϯόʔ͕νʔϜʹଘࡏ͢Δ ʮϝϯόʔڞ༗ʯͱ͸ɺਓͷਓతϦιʔεΛෳ਺ͷνʔϜ΍ϓϩδΣΫτͰڞ༗͢Δঢ়گΛࢦ͠ ·͢ɻ͍ΘΏΔʮ݉຿ʯͷ͜ͱͰ͢ɻ૊৫ͷ؍఺ͱͯ͠͸ɺ݉຿΁ͷґଘ͸ɺ஌ࣝͷภΓ΍ෛՙ ͷภΓͱ͍͏ฐ֐Λ΋ͨΒ͢͜ͱʹܨ͕Γ͔Ͷ·ͤΜɻνʔϜ΍ϓϩδΣΫτͷ؍఺͔ΒݟΔ ͱɺ݉຿ͱ͍͏ܗͰͷʮਓతϦιʔεʯͷڞ༗͸ɺʮϦιʔεͷڝ߹ʯΛҾ͖ى͜͠΍͘͢ɺͦ Ε͕ࢢ৔౤ೖ·Ͱͷ࣌ؒΛ௕͘͢ΔཁҼͱͳΓಘ·͢ɻ݉຿ऀຊਓͱͯ͠΋ɺ࢓ࣄͷϚϧνλε ΫԽ΍ϛʔςΟϯάͷ૿Ճʹۤ͠ΉݪҼʹͳΓ·͢ɻ ʰνʔϜͷྗͰ૊৫Λಈ͔͢ʙιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃΛՃ଎͢ΔνʔϜࢦ޲ͷ૊৫ઃܭʱٕज़ධ࿦ࣾ ೥ IUUQTHJIZPKQCPPL

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ᶸ ᶹ Ξϯνύλʔϯ ਓؾऀνʔϜ ίϯϙʔωϯτΛڞ༗Խ͠ઐ೚ͷ։ൃνʔϜ Λ͚͍ͭͯΔ ࣾ಺ڞ༗ίϯϙʔωϯτΛઐ೚Ͱ։ൃ͢ΔνʔϜ͸ɺͦΕΛར༻͢Δෳ਺ͷΫϥΠΞϯτνʔϜ ͔ΒدͤΒΕΔཁ๬΁ͷରԠʹ͍ͭ΋௥ΘΕ͍ͯ·͢ɻ൴ΒͷΑ͏ͳʮਓؾऀνʔϜʯ͸ɺ͍ͣ ΕͷґཔΛ༏ઌ͢΂͖͔೰·͞Εɺ͢΂ͯͷΫϥΠΞϯτ͕߹ҙͰ͖Δ࢓༷ͷௐ੔ʹ࣌ؒΛୣΘ Ε·͢ɻͦͯ͠ɺ૊৫಺ͷෳ਺ͷόϦϡʔετϦʔϜΛ·͍ͨͩϘτϧωοΫʹͳΓ΍͍͢ଘࡏͰ ͢ɻ ʰνʔϜͷྗͰ૊৫Λಈ͔͢ʙιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃΛՃ଎͢ΔνʔϜࢦ޲ͷ૊৫ઃܭʱٕज़ධ࿦ࣾ ೥ IUUQTHJIZPKQCPPL

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ᶸ ᶹ Ξϯνύλʔϯ όϦϡʔετϦʔϜͷ߹ྲྀ఺ ͭͷνʔϜ͕ෳ਺ͷόϦϡʔετϦʔϜʹ ഑උ͞Ε͍ͯΔ ૊৫ͷن໛͕େ͖͘ͳΔ΄ͲόϦϡʔετϦʔϜͷ਺͕૿͑ɺෳ਺ͷόϦϡʔετϦʔϜʹ഑උ ͞ΕΔ։ൃνʔϜ΋ग़͖ͯ·͢ɻ͜ͷΑ͏ͳ૊৫ߏ଄͸ɺόϦϡʔετϦʔϜؒͰͷ։ൃϦιʔ εͷڝ߹ΛҾ͖ى͜͠·͢ɻ͜Ε͕ɺϑϩʔΛҲΕ͔͑ΒͤΔʮόϦϡʔετϦʔϜͷ߹ྲྀ఺ʯ Ͱ͢ɻ ʰνʔϜͷྗͰ૊৫Λಈ͔͢ʙιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃΛՃ଎͢ΔνʔϜࢦ޲ͷ૊৫ઃܭʱٕज़ධ࿦ࣾ ೥ IUUQTHJIZPKQCPPL

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