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php
CLI, the other SAPI
By Thijs Feryn
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Hi, I’m Thijs
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I’m an
at
Evangelist
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I’m a
at
board member
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I’m
@ThijsFeryn
on Twitter
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SAPI?
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The way you
interact with PHP
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No content
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• mod_php
• FastCGI
• PHP-FPM
• CLI
• ISAPI
• GTK
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CLI SAPI?
PHP script
execution via the
command line
interface
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When
to use
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• In crons
• For batch tasks
• For worker processes
• Daemons
• Process control
• Interaction with other
binaries
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No content
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CLI 101
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• The PHP binary
• Passing arguments
• Reading from STDIN
• I/O with pipes
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php
file.php
Invoking a script with
the PHP binary
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php
file.php
arg1
arg2
Passing arguments
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Interpreting
arguments
$argument){!
echo "Argument # {$key}: {$argument}
\n"; !
}
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Interpreting
arguments
$argument){!
echo "Argument # {$key}: {$argument}
\n"; !
}
Argument
count
Argument
array
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Interpreting
arguments
$
php
args.php
arg1
arg2
Number
of
arguments
3
Argument
#
0:
args.php
Argument
#
1:
arg1
Argument
#
2:
arg2
$
The
PHP
file
is
an
argument
too
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$_SERVER[’argc’]
$_SERVER[’argv’]
$argc
$argv
Interpreting
arguments
register_argc_argv
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GETOPT
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GETOPT
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GETOPT
php
getopt.php
-‐a
-‐b
2
-‐c3
array(3)
{
["a"]=>
bool(false)
["b"]=>
string(1)
"2"
["c"]=>
string(1)
"3"
}
No
spacing
for
op8onal
arguments
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GETOPT
Long options
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GETOPT
Long options
php
getopt2.php
-‐-‐arg1
-‐-‐arg2
123
-‐-‐arg3=x
array(3)
{
["arg1"]=>
bool(false)
["arg2"]=>
string(3)
"123"
["arg3"]=>
string(1)
"x"
}
Mind
the
“=”
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Reading
from
STDIN
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Reading from STDIN
0){!
echo strrev($line).PHP_EOL;!
}!
}!
fclose($handle);
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Reading from STDIN
$
cat
test.txt
|
php
stdin.php
enO
owT
eerhT
$
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Reading from STDIN
$
cat
test.txt
|
php
stdin.php
enO
owT
eerhT
$
Output
file
Convert
output
to
input
with
pipes
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Web vs CLI
Web! CLI
HTTP is a stateless protocol Controlable state
Request/response based Controllable script execution
Limited interaction Continuous interaction
Execution timeouts No sessions required
GET/POST/COOKIE/SESSION
Arguments, STDIN, STDOUT,
STDERR, exit codes
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The PHP
binary
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Usage:
php
[options]
[-‐f]
[-‐-‐]
[args...]
php
[options]
-‐r
[-‐-‐]
[args...]
php
[options]
[-‐B
]
-‐R
[-‐E
]
[-‐-‐]
[args...]
php
[options]
[-‐B
]
-‐F
[-‐E
]
[-‐-‐]
[args...]
php
[options]
-‐-‐
[args...]
php
[options]
-‐a
The PHP binary
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Interactive mode
$
php
-‐a
Interactive
shell
!
php
>
echo
5+8;
13
php
>
function
addTwo($n)
php
>
{
php
{
return
$n
+
2;
php
{
}
php
>
var_dump(addtwo(2));
int(4)
php
>
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Interactive mode
$
php
-‐a
Interactive
shell
!
php
>
stri[TAB][TAB]
strip_tags
stripcslashes
stripslashes
stristr
stripos
php
>
stri
!
Tab
comple8on
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Run code
$
php
-‐r
"echo
date('Y-‐m-‐d
H:i:s');"
2011-‐03-‐02
22:04:45
$
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Config directory
$
php
-‐c
/custom/dir/php.ini
script.php
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Custom ini settings
$
php
-‐d
max_execution_time=20
-‐r
'$foo
=
ini_get("max_execution_time");
var_dump($foo);'
string(2)
"20"
$
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Get ini settings
$
php
-‐i
|
grep
“log_”
define_syslog_variables
=>
Off
=>
Off
log_errors
=>
On
=>
On
log_errors_max_len
=>
1024
=>
1024
$
Filtering
items
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Lint checking
$
php
-‐l
myFile.php
No
syntax
errors
detected
in
myFile.php
$
Only
checks
parse
errors
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List modules
$
php
-‐m
[PHP
Modules]
bcmath
bz2
calendar
Core
ctype
curl
date
dba
$
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Syntax highlighting
$
php
-‐s
helloworld.php
>
helloworld.html
$
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Syntax highlighting
!
<?php
echo "Hello world";! !
echo "Hello world";! !
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Version
$
php
-‐v
PHP
5.4.17
(cli)
(built:
Aug
25
2013
02:03:38)
Copyright
(c)
1997-‐2013
The
PHP
Group
Zend
Engine
v2.4.0,
Copyright
(c)
1998-‐2013
Zend
Technologies
$
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Function reflection
$
php
-‐-‐rf
json_encode
Function
[
function
json_encode
]
{
!
-‐
Parameters
[2]
{
Parameter
#0
[
$value
]
Parameter
#1
[
$options
]
}
}
$
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Class reflection
$
php
-‐-‐rc
stdclass
Class
[
class
stdClass
]
{
-‐
Constants
[0]
{
}
-‐
Static
properties
[0]
{
}
-‐
Static
methods
[0]
{
}
-‐
Properties
[0]
{
}
-‐
Methods
[0]
{
}
}
$
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Extension reflection
$
php
-‐-‐re
json
Extension
[
extension
#20
json
version
1.2.1
]
{
...
-‐
Functions
{
Function
[
function
json_encode
]
{
!
-‐
Parameters
[2]
{
Parameter
#0
[
$value
]
Parameter
#1
[
$options
]
}
}
...
}
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Extension information
$
php
-‐-‐ri
pdo
!
PDO
!
PDO
support
=>
enabled
PDO
drivers
=>
mysql,
sqlite,
sqlite2
$
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Built-in webserver
$
php
-‐S
0:8080
-‐t
/var/www
/var/www/index.php
$
PHP
5.4.17
Development
Server
started
at
Mon
Jan
13
15:35:03
2014
Listening
on
http://0:8080
Document
root
is
/var/www
Press
Ctrl-‐C
to
quit.
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Built-in webserver
$
php
-‐S
0:8080
-‐t
/var/www
/var/www/index.php
$
PHP
5.4.17
Development
Server
started
at
Mon
Jan
13
15:35:03
2014
Listening
on
http://0:8080
Document
root
is
/var/www
Press
Ctrl-‐C
to
quit.
Docroot Router
IP
&
port
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I/O
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Change your mindset
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Don’t use sessions &
cookies.
!
Just use local variables
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Don’t use HTTP calls
in crons
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Current directory
!==
webroot
• Use dirname(__FILE__)
• Use chdir()
• Use getcwd()
CLI
scripts
are
executable
everywhere
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STDIN
0){!
echo strrev($line).PHP_EOL;!
}!
}!
fclose($handle);
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STDIN
0){!
echo strrev($line).PHP_EOL;!
}!
}!
fclose($handle);
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STDIN
0){!
echo strrev($line).PHP_EOL;!
}!
}!
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STDIN
0){!
echo strrev($line).PHP_EOL;!
}!
}!
Stream
that
is
opened
by
default
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The proof
$
php
-‐r
"var_dump(STDIN);"
resource(1)
of
type
(stream)
$
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STDOUT
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STDOUT
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STDERR
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STDERR
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Mixing STDOUT & STDERR
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Mixing STDOUT & STDERR
$
php
stdmix.php
>
/dev/null
STDERR
output
$
$
php
stdmix.php
&>
/dev/null
$
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Alternative output
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Piping
$
php
-‐r
'for($i=0;$i<10;$i++)
echo
$i.PHP_EOL;'
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
$
php
-‐r
'for($i=0;$i<10;$i++)
echo
$i.PHP_EOL;'
|
wc
-‐l
10
$
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Readline
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Symfony\Component\Console
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Symfony console
component
addCommands(array(!
new Thijs\Console\Command\TestCommand()!
));!
$app->run();
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namespace Thijs\Console\Command;!
!
use Symfony\Component\Console\Command\Command;!
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface;!
use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;!
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputArgument;!
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputOption;!
use Symfony\Component\Console\Formatter\OutputFormatterStyle;!
!
class TestCommand extends Command {!
}
The command class
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protected function configure() {!
$this->setName("hello")!
->setDescription("Saying hello to the world")!
->addArgument('name',InputArgument::REQUIRED,'Your name')!
->addOption(!
'yell',!
null,!
InputOption::VALUE_NONE,!
'If set, the task will yell in uppercase letters'!
)!
->setHelp('The '.$this-
>getName().' command says hello to the world');!
}
Configure the
command
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protected function execute(InputInterface $input,
OutputInterface $output) {!
$text = 'Hello '.$input->getArgument('name');!
if($input->getOption('yell')){!
$text = strtoupper($text);!
}!
$output->writeln($text);!
}
Execute the
command
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$dialog = $this->getHelperSet()->get('dialog');!
while($dialog->askConfirmation(!
$output,!
’Continue with this action? [y/n]: ’,!
false)){!
$text = 'Hello ‚.$dialog->ask($output,!
! ! ! ! ! ! 'Who do you want to say hello to ?: ', 'world');!
if($input->getOption('yell')){!
$text = strtoupper($text);!
}!
$this->_hello[] = array($text);!
}
Adding dialogs
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$output->writeln('Processing input');!
$output->writeln('Please wait');
Adding color
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$progress = $this->getHelperSet()->get('progress');!
$progress->start($output, 50);!
$i = 0;!
while ($i++ < 50) {!
! $progress->advance();!
usleep(50000);!
}!
$progress->finish();
Adding progress
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$table = $this->getHelperSet()->get('table');!
$table!
->setHeaders(array('Hello'))!
->setRows($this->_hello);!
$table->render($output);
Adding table output
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Adding table output
bin/console.php
hello
Thijs
Continue
with
this
action?
[y/n]:
y
Who
do
you
want
to
say
hello
to
?:
PHP
Continue
with
this
action?
[y/n]:
y
Who
do
you
want
to
say
hello
to
?:
ElePHPants
Continue
with
this
action?
[y/n]:
n
Processing
input
Please
wait
50/50
[============================]
100%
+-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐+
|
Hello
|
+-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐+
|
Hello
Thijs
|
|
Hello
PHP
|
|
Hello
ElePHPants
|
+-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐+
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Shebang
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#!/usr/bin/php!
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Encore?
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PCNTL
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Process Control should not
be enabled within a web
server environment and
unexpected results may
happen if any Process
Control functions are used
within a web server
environment.
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Forking
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Forking
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Forking
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Forking
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Signals
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Signals
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POSIX
process
control
functions
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POSIX
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POSIX
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