機械学習をスモールスタートさせる方法 / small machine learning

by Yuichiro Someya

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ػցֶशΛεϞʔϧελʔτ ͤ͞Δํ๏ ΫοΫύουגࣜձࣾછ୩༔Ұ࿠ %BUB%SJWFO%FWFMPQFS.FFUVQ

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ࣗݾ঺հ છ୩༔Ұ࿠ ΫοΫύουגࣜձࣾ೥৽ଔೖࣾ ݚڀ։ൃ෦ΤϯδχΞ ػցֶशج൫ɺը૾ೝࣝܥͷݚڀ։ൃ

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ΫοΫύουͱػցֶश ΫοΫύουݚڀ։ൃ෦ ೥݄ʹൃ଍ ࢲ͕഑ଐ͞Εͨͷ΋ಉ࣌ظ ౰࣌͸໊ͷϝϯόʔ ೥݄ݱࡏ͸ࠃ಺ʹ໊ւ֎ʹ໊ ʰສͷϨγϐσʔλΛ׆༻͠ɺϢʔβʔʹՁ஋Λಧ͚Δʱ

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ࠓ೔ͷτϐοΫ ػցֶश ओʹਂ૚ֶश Λ  εϞʔϧελʔτͤ͞Δํ๏ ͳͥεϞʔϧελʔτ͕ඞཁ͔ Ͳ͏΍Δͷ͔

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ࠓ೔ͷτϐοΫ ٕज़ʗέʔεελσΟগͳΊɺ  ίϯηϓτଟΊͷ࿩ʹͳΓ·͢ աڈʹٕͨ͠ज़తͳ࿩͸ͪ͜Β  IUUQTTQFBLFSEFDLDPNBZFNPT

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ਂ૚ֶशͱεϞʔϧελʔτ

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ਂ૚ֶशͱεϞʔϧελʔτ 4NBMMTUBSU εϞʔϧελʔτ 4UBSUTNBMM

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lUIJOLJOHCJH TUBSUJOHTNBMM BOETDBMJOHGBTUz IUUQTKJNDBSSPMMDPNJOOPWBUJPOUIJOLCJHTUBSUTNBMMTDBMFGBTU

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5IJOLCJHJEFOUJGZUIFMPOHUFSNUSBOTGPSNBUJWFUSFOET JODMVEJOHTJHOJpDBOUJOEVTUSZDIBOHF CVTJOFTTNPEFM EJTSVQUJPO ྫ͑͹ɺʮσΟʔϓϥʔχϯάΛ΍͍ͬͯ͘ʯͱܾΊΔ

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4UBSUTNBMM1JDLBOVNCFSPGTNBMM FYQFSJFOUJBM PSJFOUBUFEQSPKFDUTUPCFHJO5IJTXJMMHJWFZPVCFUUFS EFQUIPGJOTJHIU ΍͍ͬͯͨ͘Ίʹখ͍͞ϓϩδΣΫτΛ͜ͳ͠ɺֶͿ

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4DBMFGBTU%FUFSNJOFXIJDIBSFBTOFFEUPCFUBDLMFE pSTUJOUFSNTPGNPWJOHGPSXBSE%FWFMPQUIFBCJMJUZUP UBLFZPVSbQSPUPUZQJOH`PGTLJMMTFOIBODFNFOUGSPNUIF TNBMMTDBMFQSPKFDUTJOUPGVMMqFEHFEPQFSBUJPOT ༗๬ͳϓϩδΣΫτΛબͼɺຊ֨తʹՔಇͤ͞Δ

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5IJOLCJH ྫ͑͹ ʮਂ૚ֶशΛ΍͍ͬͯ͘ʯͱܾΊΔ 4UBSUTNBMMখ͍͞ϓϩδΣΫτ ࣮ݧ Λ͜ͳ͠ɺֶͿ 4DBMFGBTU༗๬ͳϓϩδΣΫτΛຊ֨తʹՔಇͤ͞Δ

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ਂ૚ֶशͱ4UBSUTNBMM 4UBSUTNBMMখ͍͞ϓϩδΣΫτΛ͜ͳ͠ɺֶͿ ਂ૚ֶशͱ4UBSUTNBMMͷ૬ੑ͕͍͍ͱࢥΘͤΔ఺ ৽ٕज़Ͱ͋ΓɺԿ͕ͲΕ͘Β͍Ͱ͖Δͷ͔प஌͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍  ಺෦తࢼߦࡨޡ͕ඞཁ લྫ΋ͳ͍ͷͰɺ੒ޭ ྫϢʔβʔͷՁ஋ʹܨ͕Δ ͢Δͷ͔෼͔Βͳ͍  ֎෦తʏ ٕज़ελοΫͱͯ͠ݟͯ΋ૣख़Ͱ͋Δ  ӡ༻ͷٕज़తशख़͕ඞཁ

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ਂ૚ֶशͱ4UBSUTNBMM ҰํͰɺ4UBSUTNBMM͕΍Γʹͦ͘͏ͳҰ໘΋͋Δ େྔͷσʔλͱܭࢉث͕ඞཁ ӡ༻ίετ͕ߴ͍ ࠾༻େมͦ͏ IUUQTBJHPPHMFSFTFBSDIQVCTQVC

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ਂ૚ֶशͱ4UBSUTNBMM ҰํͰɺ4UBSUTNBMM͕΍Γʹͦ͘͏ͳҰ໘΋͋Δ େྔͷσʔλͱܭࢉث͕ඞཁ ӡ༻ίετ͕ߴ͍ ࠾༻େมͦ͏ IUUQTBJHPPHMFSFTFBSDIQVCTQVC .-0QTͰ ͕ ղܾͰ͖ͦ͏ͳ໰୊

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ͱ͜ΖͰ.-0QTͱ͸ ڪΒ͘%FW0QT΋ಉ༷͕ͩ ·ͩఆٛ͸ෆ໌ྎ ֶशΞϧΰϦζϜҎ֎ʁ %FW0QTͷ.-൛ʁ ػցֶश͕ɺιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃࣄۀʹ͓͍ͯՁ஋ΛੜΈग़͢͜ͱͷͰ͖Δ ٕज़ελοΫͰ͋Γଓ͚ΔͨΊʹඞཁͳٕज़ ʰӡ༻ίετͷ࡟ݮʱ͚͕ͩ໨తͰ͸ͳ͍ ྫਂ૚ֶशΛεϞʔϧελʔτͤ͞Δҝͷ.-0QT

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͜͜·Ͱ·ͱΊ ਂ૚ֶशΛεϞʔϧελʔτ͍ͤͨ͞ ͦͷͨΊʹ.-0QTͷϓϥΫςΟεΛ׆͔ͤͦ͏

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εϞʔϧελʔτͷͨΊͷ.-0QT ΫοΫύουͷ৔߹

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ܭࢉث؀ڥ ೥݄ͷ࿩ ݚڀ։ൃ෦һਓདྷि͔ΒΠϯλʔϯΛਓड͚ೖΕ "84ຊ൪ΞΧ΢ϯτʹ໺ྑͷ(16Πϯελϯε HYMBSHF ͕୆ ৽ن࡞੒ͷ౓ʹίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ͕ൃੜ ݚڀ։ൃ༻ΞΧ΢ϯτΛൃߦ͠ɺӡ༻ͷੵۃతͳ಺੡Խ΁

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ܭࢉث؀ڥ ݚڀ։ൃ༻ΞΧ΢ϯτͷΠϯϑϥΛίʔυ؅ཧ ຊ൪ΞΧ΢ϯτͷϓϥΫςΟε %FW0QT ʹ฿͏ $IBU#PUΛ௨ͯ͠(16ΠϯελϯεΛ্ཱͪ͛Δ࢓૊ΈΛ࣮૷ Πϯελϯεͷ࡞੒ɺٳ຾ΠϯελϯεͷࣗಈఀࢭΛ੔උ ࣮࣭ (16Πϯελϯεݐͯ์୊Λ࣮ݱ ͍ͭͰ΋࣮ݧεϞʔϧελʔτ

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ܭࢉث؀ڥ ݚڀ։ൃ༻ΞΧ΢ϯτͷΠϯϑϥΛίʔυ؅ཧ ຊ൪ΞΧ΢ϯτͷϓϥΫςΟε %FW0QT ʹ฿͏ $IBU#PUΛ௨ͯ͠(16ΠϯελϯεΛ্ཱͪ͛Δ࢓૊ΈΛ࣮૷ Πϯελϯεͷ࡞੒ɺٳ຾ΠϯελϯεͷࣗಈఀࢭΛ੔උ ࣮࣭ (16Πϯελϯεݐͯ์୊Λ࣮ݱ ͍ͭͰ΋࣮ݧεϞʔϧελʔτ .-0QT

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ػցֶशج൫ͱ4UBSUTNBMM ػցֶशج൫΋·ͨ৽͍͠ྖҬ4UBSUTNBMM͕ඞཁ ඞཁͳͷ͸ج൫ٕज़ͷεϞʔϧͳࢼߦࡨޡ ྫ͑͹ج൫୲౰Λ3%ʹ഑ஔͯ͠ΈΔ LVCFqPXͳͲͷϓϥοτϑΥʔϜ΋૊৫΍γνϡΤʔγϣϯ ͱͷ૬ੑ͕͋Δ ՄೳͰ͋Ε͹ ੵۃతʹࢼ͢ɺ࢖ͬͯΈΔͱΑͦ͞͏

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༨ஊʙݕࡧγεςϜʹֶͿʙ ʮσʔλͷྲྀΕ͕͋ΓɺγεςϜ͕σʔλͱڞʹ੒௕͢ΔΑ͏ͳγ εςϜʯͱ͍͑͹ʁ ݕࡧγεςϜͷӡ༻ϓϥΫςΟε͔Β  ֶͿ͜ͱ͸ଟͦ͏ ΠϯσοΫεͷߏஙɺࣙॻσʔλͷ؅ཧ౳ IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQ#VJMEJOH*OUFMMJHFOU4ZTUFNT-FBSOJOH&OHJOFFSJOHFCPPLEQ##82)3

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·ͱΊ ਂ૚ֶश͸εϞʔϧελʔτ͍ͤͨ͞ ৽͍ٕ͠ज़ͷՄೳੑ ͱ੍໿ Λ࡞Γͳ͕ΒֶͿ  εϞʔϧελʔτ .-0QTͷద੾ͳར༻͸εϞʔϧελʔτΛॿ͚Δ