知らなかった、時に困るWebサービスのセキュリティ対策 / Where Do We Start With Information Security?

by Shinya Tsunematsu

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࣮ྫͱجຊతͳܭըͱ࣮ફ ৗদ৳࠸(.01FQBCP *OD CVJMEFSTDPOUPLZP 8FCαʔϏεͷ ηΩϡϦςΟରࡦ ஌Βͳ͔ͬͨɺ࣌ʹࠔΔ

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ϓϦϯγύϧΤϯδχΞ ৗদ৳࠸!UONU ٕज़෦νʔϑςΫχΧϧϦʔυٕज़ج൫νʔϜ ৘ใॲཧ҆શ֬อࢧԉ࢜ ʢ༧ఆొ࿥डཧࡁʣ

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ൃදͷഎܠ

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8FCαʔϏεΛӡӦ্͍ͯ͘͠Ͱߟ͑ͳ͚Ε͹͍͚ͳ͍͜ͱ ͱͯ͠ɺηΩϡϦςΟରࡦ͕ڍ͛ΒΕΔ͔ͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ ηΩϡϦςΟରࡦͱҰޱͰݴͬͯ΋ɺ۩ମతͳࢪࡦΛߨ͡Δ ʹ౰ͨͬͯ͸ɺͲͷΑ͏ͳϙϦγʔʹΑͬͯ৘ใΛकΔ͔Λ ܾΊɺʮٕज़తରࡦʯͱʮ؅ཧతରࡦʯʹΑΔϦεΫΞηε ϝϯτΛߦ͍ɺϦεΫ͕ߴ͍΋ͷʹ͍ͭͯ؅ཧࡦΛݕ౼͠ର ԠΛߦ͏ɺͱ͍͏खॱΛ࣮࣋ͬͯࢪ͍ͯ͘͠ͷ͕ޮՌతͰ͢ɻ $'1ΑΓ

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ηΩϡϦςΟͬͯ೉͍͠ʁ

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ຊ೔ͷ͓୊ wܦҢ wΠϯγσϯτޙͷৼΓฦΓ wٕज़త࠶ൃ๷ࢭࡦ w૊৫త࠶ൃ๷ࢭࡦ wηΩϡϦςΟͷߟ͑ํ w*4.4ͷߏஙͱӡ༻ w*4.4औΓ૊Έͷෛՙ ࣮ྫ جૅ ࣮ྫͱجૅͰ ৘ใηΩϡϦςΟʹ͍ͭͯ஌Δ

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࣮ྫ

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৘ใྲྀग़Πϯγσϯτ͕ൃੜ IUUQTQFQBCPDPNOFXTJOGPSNBUJPO

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Πϯγσϯτ֓ཁ αʔϏεͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯίʔυͷෆඋΛಥ͔Εɺ֎ ෦ͷୈࡾऀʹΑΓෆਖ਼ϓϩάϥϜ͕ઃஔ͞Εͨɻ ઃஔ͞Εͨෆਖ਼ϓϩάϥϜܦ༝ͰαʔϏεͷ৘ใͷҰ෦ ͕ྲྀग़ͨ͠ՄೳੑΛݕ஌ͨ͠ɻ ӨڹൣғΛௐࠪ͠ɺ৘ใྲྀग़ͷใࠂΛߦͬͨɻ

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೔࣌ ಺༰ 2018೥1݄7೔ʢ೔ʣ 20ɿ04 αʔόʔҟৗݕ஌γεςϜʹΑΓΞϥʔτΛݕ஌͠ɺௐࠪΛ࣮ࢪͨ͠ͱ͜Ζɺ֎෦͔Βઃஔ͞Εͨෆ ਖ਼ϓϩάϥϜʢҎԼɺෆਖ਼ϓϩάϥϜʣ͕࣮ߦ͞ΕͨՄೳੑΛݕ஌ 2018೥1݄7೔ʢ೔ʣ 22ɿ28 ෆਖ਼ϓϩάϥϜ͕࣮ߦ͞Εͳ͍Α͏ʹվम 2018೥1݄7೔ʢ೔ʣ 23ɿ09 ୅දऔక໾ࣾ௕ࠤ౻݈ଠ࿠Λຊ෦௕ͱͨ͠ۓٸରࡦຊ෦Λઃஔ 2018೥1݄8೔ʢ݄ʣ 1ɿ33 ෆਖ਼ϓϩάϥϜΛܦ༝ͯ͠ɺຊαʔϏεͷ৘ใͷҰ෦͕Ӿཡ͞ΕͨՄೳੑ͕͋Δ͜ͱΛݕ஌ 2018೥1݄8೔ʢ݄ʣ 13ɿ39 ֎෦ͷηΩϡϦςΟઐ໳ػؔ΁ใࠂ͠ɺຊ݅ʹؔ͢Δ৘ใௐ͓ࠪΑͼࠓޙͷରԠʹ͍ͭͯ૬ஊΛ։࢝ 2018೥1݄8೔ʢ݄ʣ 17ɿ37 ֎෦ͷةػ؅ཧઐ໳Ո΁࿈བྷ͠ɺ૬ஊΛ։࢝ 2018೥1݄8೔ʢ݄ʣ 22ɿ16 ηΩϡϦςΟ਍அΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʹͯηΩϡϦςΟνΣοΫΛ࣮ࢪ 2018೥1݄9೔ʢՐʣ 15ɿ00 ηΩϡϦςΟରࡦιϑτ΢ΣΞΛઃஔ্ͨ͠Ͱࣾ಺ʹͯηΩϡϦςΟνΣοΫΛ࣮ࢪ ݕ஌ Ұ࣍ରॲ׬ྃ ӨڹൣғҰ෦ൃ֮

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೔࣌ ಺༰ 2018೥1݄9೔ʢՐʣ 16ɿ12 ෆਖ਼ϓϩάϥϜΛܦ༝ͯ͠Ӿཡ͞ΕͨՄೳੑͷ͋Δ৘ใͷதʹΫϨδοτΧʔυ৘ใؚ͕·Ε͍ͯΔ ՄೳੑΛݕ஌ 2018೥1݄9೔ʢՐʣ 18ɿ50 ؔ܎লி΁ͷใࠂ 2018೥1݄10೔ʢਫʣ 13ɿ34 ෆਖ਼ϓϩάϥϜΛܦ༝ͯ͠Ӿཡ͞ΕͨՄೳੑͷ͋Δ৘ใͷதʹΫϨδοτΧʔυ৘ใؚ͕·Ε͍ͯͨ ͨΊɺΫϨδοτΧʔυ֤ࣾ΁࿈བྷ͠ɺෆਖ਼ར༻؂ࢹʢϞχλϦϯάʣମ੍ͷڧԽΛґཔ 2018೥1݄10೔ʢਫʣ 15ɿ35 ඃ֐ঢ়گ͓ΑͼӨڹൣғΛಛఆ͢ΔͨΊ֎෦ͷηΩϡϦςΟઐ໳ػؔʹΑΔηΩϡϦςΟ਍அ͓Α ͼɺಉηΩϡϦςΟઐ໳ػؔͱɺΫϨδοτΧʔυ৘ใͷηΩϡϦςΟઐ໳ػؔͷ2ࣾʹΑΔϑΥϨ ϯδοΫௐࠪΛ։࢝ 2018೥1݄11೔ʢ໦ʣ 14ɿ00 ຊαʔϏεར༻ྉۚͷࢧ෷͍ʹ͓͚ΔɺΫϨδοτΧʔυ෷͍ͷ৽نਃࠐΛఀࢭ 2018೥1݄22೔ʢ݄ʣ 12ɿ37 શγϣοϓΦʔφʔ༷ͷύεϫʔυϦηοτ׬ྃ Өڹൣғ௥Ճൃ֮ ୈࡾऀػؔʹ ΑΔௐࠪ։࢝

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೔࣌ ಺༰ 2018೥1݄25೔ʢ໦ʣ 9ɿ26 ֎෦ͷηΩϡϦςΟઐ໳ػؔʹΑΔϑΥϨϯδοΫௐࠪͷ݁ՌΛडྖ 2018೥1݄25೔ʢ໦ʣ 11ɿ58 ΫϨδοτΧʔυ৘ใͷηΩϡϦςΟઐ໳ػؔʹΑΔϑΥϨϯδοΫௐࠪͷ݁ՌΛडྖ 2018೥1݄26೔ʢۚʣ 7ɿ40 ຊ݅ʹ܎Δ࠶ൃ๷ࢭҕһձΛઃஔ ୈࡾऀػؔʹ ΑΔௐࠪ׬ྃ ৘ใެ։

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࣌ܥྻ·ͱΊ ೔࣌ ಺༰ 2018೥1݄7೔ʢ೔ʣ20ɿ04 ݕ஌ 2018೥1݄7೔ʢ೔ʣ22ɿ28 Ұ࣍ରԠ׬ྃ 2018೥1݄8೔ʢ݄ʣ1ɿ33 ӨڹൣғҰ෦ൃ֮ 2018೥1݄10೔ʢਫʣ13ɿ34 Өڹൣғ௥Ճൃ֮ 2018೥1݄10೔ʢਫʣ15ɿ35 ୈࡾऀػؔʹΑΔௐࠪ։࢝ 2018೥1݄25೔ʢ໦ʣ11ɿ58 ୈࡾऀػؔʹΑΔௐࠪ׬ྃ 2018೥1݄26೔ʢۚʣ7ɿ40 ৘ใެ։

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جૅ ηΩϡϦςΟͷߟ͑ํ

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Θ͔Γ΍࣮͘͢ྫ͔Βೖͬͨ w࣮ྫͷ৔߹͸໰୊΍ରԠ͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍෦෼͕Θ͔Γ΍͢ ͍ w࣮͋͛ͨྫ͔ΒಘΒΕΔରԠɾରࡦ͸ҰྫͰ͋Γɺજࡏతͳ໰ ୊͸·ͩ͋Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ ηΩϡϦςΟͱ͸ ԿΛकΒͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍͔ʁ

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৘ใηΩϡϦςΟ ৘ใͷػີੑɺ׬શੑɺٴͼՄ༻ੑΛҡ࣋ ͢Δ͜ͱɻ͞Βʹɺਅਖ਼ੑɺ੹೚௥੻ੑɺ ൱ೝ๷ࢭɺ৴པੑͳͲͷಛੑΛҡ࣋͢Δ͜ ͱΛؚΊΔ͜ͱ΋͋Δɻ +*42l৘ใٕज़ηΩϡϦςΟٕज़৘ใηΩϡϦςΟϚωδϝϯτγεςϜ༻ޠz

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৘ใηΩϡϦςΟͷಛੑ wػີੑ wݖݶΛ࣋ͭਓ͚͕ͩ৘ใʹΞΫηεͰ͖Δಛੑ w׬શੑ w৘ใ͕վ᜵͞ΕΔ͜ͱͳ͘ਖ਼֬ͳঢ়ଶΛอͭಛੑ wՄ༻ੑ w৘ใ͕࢖༻ՄೳͰ͋Δಛੑ ͜ΕΒͷ৘ใͷ͍ͣΕ͔͕ଛͳΘΕΔͱ  ηΩϡϦςΟ৵֐ʢΠϯγσϯτʣʹͳΔ

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৘ใηΩϡϦςΟͷಛੑɾଓ͖ wਅਖ਼ੑ w௨৴૬ख΍৘ใ͕ຊ෺Ͱ͔֬Ͱ͋Δಛੑ w੹೚௥੻ੑ wಈ࡞΍ࣄ৅Λ௥੻Ͱ͖Δಛੑ w൱ೝ๷ࢭ w׆ಈ΍ࣄ৅Λޙ͔Β൱ఆͤ͞ͳ͍ಛੑ w৴པੑ wૢ࡞΍ॲཧͷҙਤͱ࣮ߦ݁Ռ͕Ұ؏͍ͯ͠Δಛੑ

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ઌ΄Ͳͷ࣮ྫʹ໭Δͱ ݸਓ৘ใ΍ൿಗ৘ใͷ࿙͍͕͑͋ͬͨɺͭ·Γ  ػີੑ ͕ଛͳΘΕͨͱͳΔ

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৘ใηΩϡϦςΟʹ͓͚Δجຊతͳ֓೦ wڴҖ w৘ใͷػີੑɺ׬શੑɺՄ༻ੑΛଛͳ͏Մೳੑͷ͋ΔཁҼ wϦεΫ w͋ΔڴҖ͕ࢿ࢈ͷ੬ऑੑʹ௮͚ࠐΉ͜ͱʹΑͬͯ૊৫ʹଛ ֐Λ༩͑ΔՄೳੑ΍Өڹ w੬ऑੑ wڴҖ͕͚ͭࠐΉ͜ͱͷͰ͖Δ૊৫΍৘ใγεςϜͷऑ఺

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ઌ΄Ͳͷ࣮ྫʹ໭Δͱ Өڹൣғͷಛఆʹ͕͔͔࣌ؒͬͨͱ͍͏ͷ͸  ੹೚௥੻ੑ ͷ؍఺Ͱ੬ऑੑ͕େ͖͔ͬͨ ͱ΋ݴ͑ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͍͔

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࣮ྫʹ໭Δ

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ٕज़త࠶ൃ๷ࢭࡦ

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େ͖ͭ͘ wෆਖ਼ϑΝΠϧࣝผෆ଍ w8FCΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ৵ೖ ʹର͢Δରࡦෆ଍ wϩΪϯάෆ଍ wσʔλϕʔεʹର͢Δ  ΫΤϦϩά w04ίϚϯυ࣮ߦϩά ೖΓޱ ʢػີੑͷϦεΫܰݮʣ ೖΓޱͱग़ޱͰ ͦΕͧΕରࡦΛް͘͢Δඞཁੑ ग़ޱ ʢ੹೚௥੻ੑͷϦεΫܰݮʣ

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ೖΓޱରࡦ wෆਖ਼ϑΝΠϧࣝผෆ଍ wͦ΋ͦ΋੬ऑੑΛಥ͔ΕΔ͜ͱͷͳ͍ɺෆඋͷͳ͍ηΩϡ ΞͳίʔσΟϯά w8FCΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ৵ೖʹର͢Δରࡦෆ଍ w8"'ʢ8FC"QQMJDBUJPO'JSFXBMMʣͷಋೖ 8"'ͷಋೖ΁

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8"'ʢ8FC"QQMJDBUJPO'JSFXBMMʣ w8"' ϫϑ w΢ΣϒΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ੬ऑੑΛѱ༻ͨ͠߈ܸ͔Β΢ΣϒΞ ϓϦέʔγϣϯΛอޢ͢ΔηΩϡϦςΟରࡦͷҰͭ w΢ΣϒΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ࣮૷໘ͰͷࠜຊతͳରࡦͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ ߈ܸʹΑΔӨڹΛ௿ݮ͢Δӡ༻໘Ͱͷରࡦ ΢ΣϒΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷෆඋमਖ਼ Ҏ֎ͷ๷ޚํ๏

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8"'ͷछྨ wήʔτ΢ΣΠʢωοτϫʔΫʣܕ wઐ༻ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ·ͨ͸Ծ૝ΞϓϥΠΞϯεΛஔ͘ wϗετʢιϑτ΢ΣΞʣܕ wطଘ8FCαʔό΁Πϯετʔϧ͢Δ wαʔϏεʢΫϥ΢υʣܕ w8"'ΛαʔϏεͱͯ͠ಋೖ͢Δ ಋೖίετɺಋೖظؒɺੑೳɺӡ༻ίετͰ ϝϦοτɾσϝϦοτ͕͋Δʢࠓճ͸ུʣ

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4JUF(VBSE-JUFΛ࠾༻ wϗετܕ w+14FDVSFࣾͷ঎༻੡඼ w"QBDIF΍/HJOYͳͲͷ8FCαʔόʔͷϞδϡʔϧͱͯ͠ಈ࡞ ͢Δ wطʹϗεςΟϯάαʔϏεʹͯɺϢʔβʔʹػೳͱͯ͠ఏڙ͠ ͓ͯΓ࣮੷͕͋ͬͨ

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ग़ޱରࡦ wϩΪϯάෆ଍ wσʔλϕʔεʹର͢ΔΫΤϦϩά w04ίϚϯυ࣮ߦϩά ૣظݕ஌΍༗ࣄͷௐࠪʹෆՄܽ

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σʔλϕʔεΫΤϦϩά wฐࣾͰ͸ओʹ.Z42-Λར༻ wཉ͍͠ϩάܗࣜ w઀ଓݩ*1 w઀ଓϢʔβʔ w࣮ߦ͞ΕͨΫΤϦ wΫΤϦϩάͷऔಘํ๏ w.Z42-ͷػೳ wHFOFSBM@MPH0/ wϛυϧ΢ΣΞΛ࢖ͬͨϩΪϯά w1SPYZ42-

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σʔλϕʔεΫΤϦϩά wฐࣾͰ͸ओʹ.Z42-Λར༻ wཉ͍͠ϩάܗࣜ w઀ଓݩ*1 w઀ଓϢʔβʔ w࣮ߦ͞ΕͨΫΤϦ wΫΤϦϩάͷऔಘํ๏ w.Z42-ͷػೳ wHFOFSBM@MPH0/ wϛυϧ΢ΣΞΛ࢖ͬͨϩΪϯά w1SPYZ42- l͋ͳͨͷ஌Βͳ͍  σʔλϕʔεͷϩΪϯάͷੈքz #Z!IGN ଟ໨తڭࣨ ʹͯʂ ৄ͘͠͸

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04ίϚϯυ࣮ߦϩά wಛʹ೚ҙͷ04ίϚϯυ࣮ߦ͕ՄೳͰ͋ͬͨ৔߹ʹඋ͑ͯɺԿ ͕ߦΘΕͨͷ͔௥੻Մೳͱ͍ͨ͠ "VEJUͱͦΕΛαϙʔτ͢Δ 8B[VIͷಋೖ

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"VEJU w-JOVYαʔόͰ༻͍Δ؂ࠪπʔϧ w؂ࠪΛϧʔϧϕʔεͰߦ͏͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ wγεςϜίʔϧΛ؂ࠪ͠ه࿥Ͱ͖Δ wίϚϯυىಈ͸γΣϧ㱺GPSL㱺FYFDWF㱺౰֘ίϚϯυ wFYFDWFγεςϜίʔϧͷ؂ࠪΛه࿥͢Δ ίϚϯυཤྺΛϩάʹ ࢒͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ auditctl -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S execve

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8B[VI wϗετܕͷ*%4ʢ)*%4ʣ w*OUSVTJPO%FUFDUJPO4ZTUFN৵ೖݕ஌γεςϜ wػೳ wϩάղੳɺ؂ࢹ wϑΝΠϧͷมߋ؂ࢹʢ'*.'JMF*OUFHSJUZ.POJUPSJOHʣ wSPPULJUͷݕ஌ wͦΕΒΛτϦΨʹͨ͠ϓϩάϥϜͷࣗಈ࣮ߦ "VEJUͷϩάͷू໿ͱ ؂ࢹɾΞϥʔτ͕Մೳ

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ϩάͷू໿ wΫΤϦϩάɾ04ίϚϯυϩάͳͲΛूΊͯҰఆظؒอ࣋ͨ͠ ͍ wϩά͸'MVFOUEΛ࢖ͬͯ"84ͷ,JOFTJT'JSFIPTFܦ༝Ͱ4ʹ อ࣋͢Δ Ұ୴͸อ࣋໨త͕ͩ ݕࡧ΍Ξϥʔτ௨஌΋΍͍͖͍ͬͯͨ

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૊৫త࠶ൃ๷ࢭࡦ

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ମ੍ͷڧԽ wਓతϦιʔεͷ֬อͱ໾ׂͷ໌֬Խ w෦ॺͷ৽ઃ wηΩϡϦςΟରࡦࣨ wηΩϡϦςΟ؂ࠪνʔϜ ηΩϡϦςΟΠϯγσϯτରԠɾରࡦͱ  ͦΕ͕దਖ਼ʹߦΘΕ͍ͯΔ͔ͷ؂ࠪ

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ηΩϡϦςΟΠϯγσϯτରԠ w੬ऑੑ৘ใͷૣظೖख wηΩϡΞίʔσΟϯάΨΠυͷࡦఆͱపఈ wෆਖ਼ݕ஌ೳྗͷ޲্ wఆظతͳ੬ऑੑεΩϟϯຢ͸ϖωτϨʔγϣϯςετͷ࣮ࢪ wΠϯγσϯτରԠϚχϡΞϧͷ੔උ ΠϯγσϯτΛະવʹ๷͙࢓૊Έ ·ͨ༗ࣄ΁ͷඋ͑

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࠶ͼجૅ΁ جຊతͳܭըͱ࣮ફ

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*4.4ͷߏஙͱӡ༻

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*4.4 ৘ใηΩϡϦςΟϚωδϝϯτγεςϜ w৘ใηΩϡϦςΟΛ࣮ݱɾҡ࣋͢ΔͨΊͷ૊৫తͳϚωδϝϯ τ׆ಈ wٕज़త w؅ཧత w෺ཧత w๏త wϚωδϝϯτ׆ಈ͸ܧଓతͳվળΛ܁Γฦ͠ͳ͕ΒਐΊΔ վળͷ܁Γฦ͠ˠ1%$"αΠΫϧ

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*4.4ͷ1%$"αΠΫϧ w1-"/ʢ*4.4ܭըʣ wϦεΫϚωδϝϯτ w%0ʢ*4.4ͷಋೖٴͼӡ༻ʣ wηΩϡϦςΟͷݕࠪɾ؂ࢹͱγεςϜ؅ཧ w੬ऑੑ؅ཧ wΠϯγσϯτରԠ w$)&$,ʢ*4.4ͷ؂ࢹٴͼϨϏϡʔʣ w৘ใηΩϡϦςΟͷ఺ݕ w"$5*0/ʢ*4.4ͷҡ࣋ٴͼվળʣ ࣮ྫͷ ࠶ൃ๷ࢭࡦ͸͜ͷҰ෦

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1-"/ϦεΫϚωδϝϯτ ૊৫ͷঢ়گͷ֬ఆ w ૊৫ͷ໨తɺ৘ใγεςϜ΍৘ใࢿ࢈ͷ෼ੳ ϦεΫΞηεϝϯτ w ϦεΫಛఆ w ৘ใࢿ࢈ʹͲͷΑ͏ͳϦεΫ͕͋Δ͔ w ϦεΫ෼ੳ w ϦεΫͷൃੜ֬཰ͱ݁ՌΛ૊Έ߹ΘͤϨϕϧΛܾఆ w ϦεΫධՁ w ϦεΫ͕ड༰Մೳ͔ɺରࡦ͕ඞཁ͔ ϦεΫରԠ w ϦεΫʹର͢Δରࡦͷํ਑ܾఆ

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1-"/ϦεΫରԠ ϦεΫίϯτϩʔϧ w ϦεΫܰݮɿ͍ΘΏΔରࡦ w ϦεΫճආɿൃੜݪҼͷഉআ ϦεΫϑΝΠφϯε w ϦεΫڞ༗ʢϦεΫҠసʣ ϦεΫอ༗ w ରࡦΛ࣮ࢪͤͣɺϦεΫΛड͚ೖΕΔ ԿΛͲ͏ରࡦ͢Δ͔ ͋Δ͍͸͠ͳ͍͔ΛܾΊΔ

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%0ηΩϡϦςΟͷݕࠪɾ؂ࢹͱγεςϜ؅ཧ ιϑτ΢ΣΞͷݕࠪख๏ w ੬ऑੑ਍அπʔϧ w ੩తݕࠪख๏ ϖωτϨʔγϣϯʢ৵ೖ͋Δ͍͸؏௨ʣςετ 40$ w ৘ใγεςϜʹର͢Δ߈ܸ΍ηΩϡϦςΟ৵֐ͷ෼ੳ΍؂ ࢹΛߦ͏ઐ໳૊৫ ϖύϘͰ͸ηΩϡϦςΟରࡦࣨɾࣄۀ෦͕  த৺ʹ࣮ࢪத

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ηΩϡϦςΟରࡦࣨʹΑΔ੬ऑੑ਍அྫ

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%0੬ऑੑ؅ཧ ৘ใηΩϡϦςΟૣظܯռύʔτφʔγοϓ +7/ 4$"1 w $7& w 100%-&$7& w )FBSUCMFFE$7& w $744౳ ηΩϡϦςΟରࡦࣨͰ ৘ใΛूΊ͍ͯΔ

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%0੬ऑੑ؅ཧ w EBZ৘ใ w IUUQTXXXFYQMPJUECDPN w IUUQTEBZDJUZ w ϥΠϒϥϦͷ$7& w OPEFKTIUUQTOZLJP w SVCZHFNTIUUQTSVCZTFDDPN w .- w ྫIUUQTTFDMJTUTPSHPTTTFD w σΟετϦϏϡʔγϣϯͷΞφ΢ϯεϝϯτ w 6CVOUVIUUQTVTOVCVOUVDPN w $FOU04IUUQTUXJUUFSDPNDFOUPTBOOPVODF w 3FE)BUIUUQTUXJUUFSDPN3FE)BU4FDVSJUZ

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%0੬ऑੑ؅ཧ

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%0੬ऑੑ؅ཧ

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%0੬ऑੑ؅ཧ

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%0੬ऑੑ؅ཧ $7&ڭ͑ͯ͘ΕΔ͘Μ

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%0੬ऑੑ؅ཧ 5-4ଠ࿠

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%0੬ऑੑ؅ཧ͔Βͷૣظൃݟͱల։ྫ

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%0ΠϯγσϯτରԠ w࣮ྫͰड़΂ͨ௨Γ wΠϯγσϯτରԠ࡞ۀ wॳಈରԠ wࣄ࣮ͷ֬ೝɺ੹೚ऀɾ୲౰ऀ΁ͷ࿈བྷ౳ w࢑ఆରԠ wӨڹൣғͷಛఆɺཁһͷಛఆɺγεςϜͷ෮چ౳ w߃ٱରԠ w࠶ൃ๷ࢭࡦͷ࣮ࢪɺ؂ࢹମ੍ͷڧԽɺ࡞ۀ݁Ռใࠂ  ࡞ۀͷධՁɺϙϦγɾӡ༻ମ੍ɾӡ༻खॱݟ௚͠౳

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$)&$,৘ใηΩϡϦςΟͷ఺ݕ w৘ใηΩϡϦςΟ؂ࠪ wϦεΫΞηεϝϯτʹج͍ͮͨద੾ͳίϯτϩʔϧ͕੔උ ͞Εɺӡ༻ঢ়گΛɺಠཱ͔ͭ٬؍తͳཱ৔ͷ؂ࠪਓ͕ධՁ ͢Δ׆ಈ wίϯτϩʔϧηϧϑΞηεϝϯτʢ$4" wࣗݾνΣοΫ w͋͘·Ͱࣗݾ఺ݕͳͷͰɺ؂ࠪ෦ͳͲʹΑΔ఺ݕ݁Ռͷଥ ౰ੑݕূ͕ॏཁ wηΩϡϦςΟͷҙࣝ޲্ͱ͍͏ϝϦοτ΋͋Δ

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*4.4औΓ૊Έͷෛՙ

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ۀ຿ෛՙ޲্ɾίετ૿͸࣮֬ʹ͋Δ wಛʹҰ൪࠷ॳͷ1%$"ͷ৔߹ wϦεΫΞηεϝϯτ͸ɺγεςϜͷ؅ཧऀ΍ܞΘΔΤϯδχΞ Ͱߦ͍೺Ѳ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ wϦεΫରԠʹ౰ͨΔ৔߹ɺೲಘͷ্ͰऔΓ૊ΊΔ wશ෦͸ରॲͰ͖ͳ͍ wద੾ͳϦεΫධՁʹΑͬͯɺ༏ઌ౓ΛܾΊΔ w࢒ཹϦεΫɺอ༗ϦεΫΛঝೝ͢Δ wϦεΫܰݮͷͨΊͷ։ൃɾӡ༻අ༻

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ઈࢍϦεΫΞηεϝϯτத

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·ͱΊ

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·ͱΊ w৘ใηΩϡϦςΟͷجૅͱ࣮ྫΛઆ໌ͨ͠ wجૅͰ͸৘ใηΩϡϦςΟͷఆٛɺ*4.4ͷߏஙͱӡ༻ʹ͍ͭ ͯઆ໌ͨ͠ wηΩϡϦςΟΠϯγσϯτ࣮ྫΛڍ͛ɺΠϯγσϯτରԠͷҰ ෦ͱͯ͠۩ମతͳ࠶ൃ๷ࢭࡦʹ͍ͭͯઆ໌ͨ͠

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wܦҢ wΠϯγσϯτޙͷৼΓฦΓ wٕज़త࠶ൃ๷ࢭࡦ w૊৫త࠶ൃ๷ࢭࡦ wηΩϡϦςΟͷߟ͑ํ w*4.4ͷߏஙͱӡ༻ w*4.4औΓ૊Έͷෛՙ ࣮ྫ جૅ (.0ϖύϘͰ΋*4.4ߏஙʹ औΓ૊ΜͰ͍·͢ ·ͱΊ