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ACCESSIBILITY IS ABOUT
YOUR USERS
October 9, 2015
Cynthia Ng
@TheRealArty
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INTRODUCTION
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De Clerck, Stefaan. (2015). Sleeping beauty. https://500px.com/photo/121896277/sleeping-beauty-by-stefaan-de-clerckCC BY-NC-SA 3.0
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70 slides in 20 minutes
= 3.5 / minute
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DEFINITION
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Web accessibility means that people
with disabilities can use the Web.
- W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)
W3C Web Accessibility Initiative. (2005). What is Web Accessibility. Introduction to Web Accessibility. http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/accessibility.php
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Snape, John. (2011). See No Evil, Hear No Evil, Speak No Evil. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:See_No_Evil,_Hear_No_Evil,_Speak_No_Evil.jpgCC BY-SA 3.0
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TYPES OF DISABILITIES
visual
auditory
physical/motor
touch
learning
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NUMBERS
OR WHY SHOULD YOU CARE?
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Statistics Canada. 2013. Statistics Canada on Twitter. https://twitter.com/StatCan_eng/statuses/407940135729508352
Approximate number based on: World Bank. 2012. Population ages 15-64 (% of total). .
http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.1564.TO.ZS
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Brault, Matthew W. (2012). Americans With Disabilities: 2010 Household Economic Studies. http://www.census.gov/prod/2012pubs/p70-131.pdf
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DISABILITY > MINORITY*
* Based on 2006 Canadian census , and the
percentage of total population ages 15-64 with a disability percentage of total population ages 15-64 of minorities.
* Based on 2010 US census , and the
percentage of total population with a disability percentage of total population of minorities.
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POLICY & LEGISLATION
Canada: Federal Departments & Ontario: Web Content
Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)
USA: Americans with Disabilities Act; Federal Departments:
Rehabilitation Act: Section 508
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Lack of statutes or federal laws should
not exempt [us] from providing
equivalent access to all; it should drive
[us] toward it.
- Camilla Fulton
Fulton, C. (2011). Web Accessibility, Libraries, and the Law. Information Technology and Libraries.. http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/accessibility.php
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GETTING BUY-IN
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BENEFITS
reflect institutional mission, leadership, and values
serve all users
make sound fiscal policy
add value to the institution
Sources: Maler, A. (2013). The Complete Beginner’s Guide to Universal Design. UX Booth. and
Rowland, C., Mariger, H., Siegel, P. M., & Whiting, J. (2010). Universal Design for the Digital Environment: Transforming the Institution. EDUCAUSE Review*, 45(6).
http://www.uxbooth.com/articles/the-complete-beginners-guide-to-universal-design/
http://www.educause.edu/ero/article/universal-design-digital-environment-transforming-institution
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BENEFITS SIMPLIFIED
findable
accessible
usable
shareable
efficient
collaborative
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Source: Sutton, Marcy. (2015). .
US Department of the Interior Showcasing Accessible Websites
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DESIGNING FOR ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY
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DEFINING ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY
an umbrella term that includes [...]
devices for people with disabilities [...]
by enabling people to perform tasks
that they were formerly unable to
accomplish, or had great difficulty
accomplishing, by providing
enhancements to, or changing methods
of interacting with, the technology
needed to accomplish such tasks.
- Wikipedia
Multiple authors. (2015). Assistive Technology.Wikipedia.
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Anonymous. (2013). Untitled.As permitted by TOS
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CONSIDERING ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY
screen readers
text-to-speech
screen magnifiers
joysticks
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From: Gibson, Anne. (2015). Reframing Accessibility for the Web.With permission from author
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Fitzgerald, Michael. (2008). Computer Budgie II.CC BY-NC-SA 2.0
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Fuster, Anna. (2011). perimer l'un hi dezcansa a sobre...CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
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All Technology is Assistive Technology.
- Sara Hendren @ablerism
Hendron, S. (2013). All Technology is Assistive Technology: 6 dispositions for designers on disability.
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We need to change the way we talk
about accessibility. … We can reframe
accessibility in terms of what we
provide, not what other people lack.
- Anne Gibson @kirabug
Gibson, Anne. (2015). Reframing Accessibility for the Web.
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UNIVERSAL DESIGN
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marziarh. (2012). Robson Square. https://www.flickr.com/photos/maziarh/7216119402/CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
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UNIVERSAL DESIGN FOR THE WEB
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UNIVERSAL WEB DESIGN PRINCIPLES IN SHORT
solid
clear
helpful
usable
accessible
easy to understand
designed with people in mind first
Quesenbery, W. (2014). . O'Reilly.
A Web for Everyone: Accessibility as a Design Challenge
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UNIVERSAL DESIGN IN PRACTICE
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MAJOR CHALLENGES
Shneiderman, B., & Hochheiser, H. (2001). Universal usability as a stimulus to advanced interface design. Behaviour & Information Technology, 20(5), 367-376.
doi:10.1080/01449290110083602
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animoca. (2012). All the Myriad Androids. http://www.animoca.com/en/2012/05/all-the-myriad-androids/CC-BY-ND 3.0
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Habib, Fady. (2005). .
Unity in Diversity CC BY-NC-SA 3.0
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Trott, Nic. (2012). .
Clifton Suspension Bridge CC BY 2.0
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APPROACHES
minimal load time
progressive enhancement
mobile first
responsive design
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MINIMAL LOAD TIME
average website = 2.2 MB = 6 sec
. (2015). .
HTTP Archive Average Bytes per Page by Content Type
. (2015). .
Keynote Performance Index: Mobile Commerce (Retail) – US
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[Over 50% of mobile users] will wait
only five seconds or less for a mobile site
to load.
Compuware Corporation. (2011). The new (or only) way to connect with customers. http://www.compuware.com/content/dam/compuware/professional-services/white-
papers/The%20New%20or%20Only%20Way%20To%20Connect%20With%20Customers.pdf
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Two seconds may not seem like a long
time, but consider that users can spot—
and are bothered by—performance
delays as short as 300 milliseconds.
- Scott Jehl @scottjehl
Jehl, Scott. (2014). .
Planning for Performance
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PROGESSIVE ENHANCEMENT
Worry about the less capable first.
- @Swwweet
Usobiaga, J. (2013). Slide 37. Mobile First: As difficult as doing things right. https://speakerdeck.com/swwweet/mobile-first-as-difficult-as-doing-things-right?slide=37
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MOBILE FIRST
Mobile forces you to focus.
- Luke Wroblewski @lukew
Wroblewski, L. (2009). Mobile First. http://www.lukew.com/ff/entry.asp?933
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RESPONSIVE DESIGN
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Demo
Resources:
Responsive web design and libraries by Lisa Kurt
List of HigherEd Responsive Sites
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"SPECIAL" CONSIDERATIONS
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COLOUR CONTRAST
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KEYBOARD ACCESSIBILITY
Demo
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FORMS
Form Elements and Accessibility
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SKIP LINKS
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MEDIA
Images: alt=""
Audio: transcript
Video: transcript
Video: captions
Video: descriptive audio
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TOP 10 ACADEMIC LIBRARY WEBSITES
6 / 10 have carousel
5 / 6 autoplay
Singley, E. (2014). .
Top 10 Academic Library Websites
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TOP 10 OF 20 GREAT PUBLIC LIBRARY
WEBSITES
9 / 10 have carousel
9 / 9 autoplay
Anderson, M. (2013). 20 Great Public Library Websites. http://www.mattanderson.org/blog/2013/02/11/20-great-public-library-websites/
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DOCUMENTS
WebAIM. (2014). Microsoft Word.
© WebAIM. Used under full credit, at no cost allowance as per the .
http://webaim.org/techniques/word/
WebAIM Copyright & Terms of Use
WebAIM. (2014). PowerPoint Accessibility.
© WebAIM. Used under full credit, at no cost allowance as per the .
http://webaim.org/techniques/powerpoint/
WebAIM Copyright & Terms of Use
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TESTING AND ASSESSMENT
EVALUATION TOOLS
(bookmarklet)
(Firefox plugin)
For more,
HTML Codesniffer
WCAG Contrast Checker
WAVE Toolbar
W3C Web Accessibility Tools list
SIMULATION TOOLS
Fangs
VisCheck
Colorblind Web Page Filter
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Developer toolbars, semantic markup
and automated testing tools can only
get you about 30% of the way towards
Web Accessibility goals.
- Denis Boudreau @dboudreau & Matt Feldman
@hlpsom1
Boudreau, Denis & Feldman, Matt. (2015). Slide 13 of .
Integrating Accessibility into the Project Lifecycle - Lessons Learned
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Ask Your Users
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TRAINING AND DOCUMENTATION
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We need to make simple, readable,
effective content.
- Anne Gibson @kirabug
Gibson, Anne. (2014). .
An Alphabet of Accessibility Issues
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GUIDELINES FOR CONTENT CREATORS
1. Use headers properly
2. Use descriptive links
3. Use tables for data, not layout
4. Describe images if needed
5. If you embed audio/video, add a link to it too
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Alexander, Dey. (2014). .
Text alternatives for images: a decision tree
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Other Guideline Examples and Resources
by Adina Mulliken
LibGuides Presentation: Accessibility
Facilitating Accessible Instruction and Resources (University
of Victoria)
United Nations Accessibility Guidelines: Content
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MORE RESOURCES
General Resources
- a lot of great articles on focused on
accessibility and HTML/CSS
- lots of quick tips
(out of date, currently being revised)
by CLA
by OCUL
WCAG Quick Reference
The Paciello Group Blog
The Accessibility Project
Canadian Guidelines on Library and Information Services for
People with Disabilities
Accessibility Information Toolkit for Libraries
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EVEN MORE RESOURCES
Lists of Accessibility Resources:
out of date but still a
number of useful resources
Accessible Technology: Tools & resources by the University of
Washington
Tools and Resources for Accessible Web Design by Texas
School for the Blind and Visually Impaired
Code4LibBC Accessibility Breakout Group Notes
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TAKE AWAY
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Websites are software that help people
accomplish their goals, regardless of the
hardware and software combination,
regardless of the shapes and forms of
their people. That is accessibility.
- Anne Gibson @kirabug
Gibson, Anne. (2015). Reframing Accessibility for the Web.
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THANKS!
CONTACT
Cynthia Ng
@TheRealArty
about.me/cynthiang