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Holly Cummins
IBM
Things You Thought
You Didn’t Need To
Care About That Have a
Big Impact On Your Job
XConf 2025
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
invisible forces shaping your job
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why is everything hard?
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why are computers terrible?
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geography 101
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geography 101
norway
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
ski_regions:
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
ski_regions:
- fr
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
ski_regions:
- fr
- ch
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
ski_regions:
- fr
- ch
- se
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
ski_regions:
- fr
- ch
- se
- no
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
ski_regions:
- fr
- ch
- se
- no
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
ski_regions:
- fr
- ch
- se
- no
{"ski_regions": ["fr", "ch", "se", false]}
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
ski_regions:
- fr
- ch
- se
- no
{"ski_regions": ["fr", "ch", "se", false]}
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
ski_regions:
- fr
- ch
- se
- no
{"ski_regions": ["fr", "ch", "se", false]}
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
ski_regions:
- fr
- ch
- se
- no
{"ski_regions": ["fr", "ch", "se", false]}
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
ski_regions:
- fr
- ch
- se
- no
{"ski_regions": ["fr", "ch", "se", false]}
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
ski_regions:
- fr
- ch
- se
- no
{"ski_regions": ["fr", "ch", "se", false]}
false
- no
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
well-intentioned decision
had bad outcome
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how can we know what
outcomes our decisions
will have?
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
systems thinking
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how can we make decisions
in an uncertain world?
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statistics 101
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
what do you call a
statistician who lives
in san francisco?
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geography 201
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
what do you call a statistician who lives in san francisco?
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
what do you call a statistician who lives in san francisco?
a data scientist.
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
statistics
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
data science
statistics
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
data science
statistics
machine learning
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
data science
statistics
AI
machine learning
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
even if you’re not doing AI,
statistics is important
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Bayes’
theory
statistics 101
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how can we detect spam?
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
“spamicity”
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No content
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Exciting offer just for you!
Deep discounts on Viagra.
Limited time offer, act now.
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Exciting offer just for you!
Deep discounts on Viagra.
Limited time offer, act now.
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Exciting offer just for you!
Deep discounts on Ozempic.
Limited time offer, act now.
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Exciting offer just for you!
Deep discounts on Ozempic.
Limited time offer, act now.
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Exciting offer just for you!
Deep discounts on Ozemp1c.
Limited time offer, act now.
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Exciting offer just for you!
Deep discounts on 0zempic.
Limited time offer, act now.
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Exciting offer just for you!
Deep discounts on Ozempick.
Limited time offer, act now.
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No content
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banned-words:
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banned-words:
- Ozempic
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banned-words:
- Ozempic
- Ozempick
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banned-words:
- Ozempic
- Ozempick
- Ozempik
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banned-words:
- Ozempic
- Ozempick
- Ozempik
- 0zempic
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banned-words:
- Ozempic
- Ozempick
- Ozempik
- 0zempic
- Ozemp1c
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banned-words:
- Ozempic
- Ozempick
- Ozempik
- 0zempic
- Ozemp1c
- Øzempic
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banned-words:
- Ozempic
- Ozempick
- Ozempik
- 0zempic
- Ozemp1c
- Øzempic
- 0zempick
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banned-words:
- Ozempic
- Ozempick
- Ozempik
- 0zempic
- Ozemp1c
- Øzempic
- 0zempick
- …
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banned-words:
- Ozempic
- Ozempick
- Ozempik
- 0zempic
- Ozemp1c
- Øzempic
- 0zempick
- …
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Dear
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Exciting
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offer,
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f o
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Dear
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Exciting
E
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Hey
H
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a
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appetite
a
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a
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Dear
D
e
a
r f
r
Exciting
E
x
c
i
t E
x
c
i E
x
c
you!
y
o
u
! y
o
u
! D
e
e
p y
o
Ozemp1c.
O
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m
p
1
c O
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m
offer,
o
f
f o
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f
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Hey
H
e
y A
l
Are
A
r
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r
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week?
w
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w
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k
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because
b
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c b
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c b
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c
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t
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the
dishwasher!
d
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h
w
a
side,
s
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Ozempic
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m
p
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far
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a
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a
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appetite
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p
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Dear
D
e
a
r f
r
Exciting
E
x
c
i
t E
x
c
i E
x
c
you!
y
o
u
! y
o
u
! D
e
e
p y
o
Ozemp1c.
O
z
e
m
p
1
c O
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m
offer,
o
f
f o
f
f
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Hey
H
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l
Are
A
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week?
w
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w
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because
b
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c b
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c b
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c
a
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c b
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the
t
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c t
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l t
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the
dishwasher!
d
i d
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s d
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w
a
side,
s
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d
e
, s
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to
t
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Ozempic
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p
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a
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a
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appetite
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p a
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p
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Hey
H
e
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l
Are
A
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r
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r
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r
e
week?
w
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because
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c b
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c b
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c
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c b
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the
t
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c t
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l t
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the
dishwasher!
d
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w
a
side,
s
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No content
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offer
act
discount
Ozemp1c
dog
dishwasher
yesterday
Ozempic
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
P(spam | 0zemp1c)
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
P(spam | 0zemp1c)
“probability of”
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
P(spam | 0zemp1c)
“given”
“probability of”
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
P(A | B) =
P(B | A) · P(A)
P(B)
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
probability of A, given B
P(A | B) =
P(B | A) · P(A)
P(B)
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
probability of A, given B probability of
B, given A
P(A | B) =
P(B | A) · P(A)
P(B)
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
probability of A, given B probability of
B, given A probability of A
P(A | B) =
P(B | A) · P(A)
P(B)
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
probability of A, given B probability of
B, given A probability of A
probability of B
P(A | B) =
P(B | A) · P(A)
P(B)
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
probability of A, given B probability of
B, given A probability of A
probability of B
guidance for a decision
P(A | B) =
P(B | A) · P(A)
P(B)
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
P(spam | Ozemp1c) =
P(Ozemp1c | spam) · P(spam)
P(Ozemp1c)
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
is this email spam?
P(spam | Ozemp1c) =
P(Ozemp1c | spam) · P(spam)
P(Ozemp1c)
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
is this email spam?
what proportion of
spam talks about
Ozemp1c?
P(spam | Ozemp1c) =
P(Ozemp1c | spam) · P(spam)
P(Ozemp1c)
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
is this email spam?
what proportion of
spam talks about
Ozemp1c?
what proportion
of emails are
spam?
P(spam | Ozemp1c) =
P(Ozemp1c | spam) · P(spam)
P(Ozemp1c)
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
is this email spam?
what proportion of
spam talks about
Ozemp1c?
what proportion
of emails are
spam?
what proportion of all
emails mention Ozemp1c?
P(spam | Ozemp1c) =
P(Ozemp1c | spam) · P(spam)
P(Ozemp1c)
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
P(spam | Ozemp1c) =
P(Ozemp1c | spam) · P(spam)
P(Ozemp1c)
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
P(spam | Ozemp1c) =
P(Ozemp1c | spam) · P(spam)
P(Ozemp1c)
1%
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
P(spam | Ozemp1c) =
P(Ozemp1c | spam) · P(spam)
P(Ozemp1c)
1%
0.001%
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
P(spam | Ozemp1c) =
P(Ozemp1c | spam) · P(spam)
P(Ozemp1c)
1% 6%
0.001%
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
P(spam | Ozemp1c) =
P(Ozemp1c | spam) · P(spam)
P(Ozemp1c)
1% 6%
0.001%
60%
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
recursion
𝖯
(
𝖠
∣
𝖡
) =
𝖯
(
𝖡
∣
𝖠
) ⋅
𝖯
(
𝖠
)
𝖯
(
𝖡
)
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
𝖯
(
𝖠
∣
𝖡
) =
𝖯
(
𝖡
∣
𝖠
) ⋅
𝖯
(
𝖠
)
𝖯
(
𝖡
)
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
𝖯
(
𝖠
∣
𝖡
) =
𝖯
(
𝖡
∣
𝖠
) ⋅
𝖯
(
𝖠
)
𝖯
(
𝖡
)
what if I don’t know any of these numbers??
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
𝖯
(
𝖠
∣
𝖡
) =
𝖯
(
𝖡
∣
𝖠
) ⋅
𝖯
(
𝖠
)
𝖯
(
𝖡
)
what if I don’t know any of these numbers??
or this one?
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
𝖯
(
𝖠
∣
𝖡
) =
𝖯
(
𝖡
∣
𝖠
) ⋅
𝖯
(
𝖠
)
𝖯
(
𝖡
)
what if I don’t know any of these numbers??
or this one?
most useless
formula ever?
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
𝖯
(
𝖠
∣
𝖡
) =
𝖯
(
𝖡
∣
𝖠
) ⋅
𝖯
(
𝖠
)
𝖯
(
𝖡
)
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Slide 88 text
@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
𝖯
(
𝖠
∣
𝖡
) =
𝖯
(
𝖡
∣
𝖠
) ⋅
𝖯
(
𝖠
)
𝖯
(
𝖡
)
guess!
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
𝖯
(
𝖠
∣
𝖡
) =
𝖯
(
𝖡
∣
𝖠
) ⋅
𝖯
(
𝖠
)
𝖯
(
𝖡
)
guess!
guess!
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
𝖯
(
𝖠
∣
𝖡
) =
𝖯
(
𝖡
∣
𝖠
) ⋅
𝖯
(
𝖠
)
𝖯
(
𝖡
)
guess!
guess!
guess!
or ignore, because it’s a normalizing factor
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
"ignorance... coined into science."
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
“founded upon an error, and
must be wholly rejected”
"ignorance... coined into science."
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
“founded upon an error, and
must be wholly rejected”
"ignorance... coined into science."
“perhaps the only error to which
the mathematical world has so
deeply committed itself”
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
“founded upon an error, and
must be wholly rejected”
"ignorance... coined into science."
“a staggering falsity”
“perhaps the only error to which
the mathematical world has so
deeply committed itself”
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
cowpox?
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
cowpox?
chickenpox?
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
P(chickenpox | spots)
P(cowpox | spots)
=
=
P(spots | chickenpox) · P(chickenpox)
P(spots)
P(spots | cowpox) · P(cowpox)
P(spots)
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
P(chickenpox | spots)
P(cowpox | spots)
=
=
P(spots | chickenpox) · P(chickenpox)
P(spots)
P(spots | cowpox) · P(cowpox)
P(spots)
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
P(chickenpox | spots)
P(cowpox | spots)
=
=
P(spots | chickenpox) · P(chickenpox)
P(spots)
P(spots | cowpox) · P(cowpox)
P(spots)
85%
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
P(chickenpox | spots)
P(cowpox | spots)
=
=
P(spots | chickenpox) · P(chickenpox)
P(spots)
P(spots | cowpox) · P(cowpox)
P(spots)
85% 1%
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
P(chickenpox | spots)
P(cowpox | spots)
=
=
P(spots | chickenpox) · P(chickenpox)
P(spots)
P(spots | cowpox) · P(cowpox)
P(spots)
85% 1%
90%
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
P(chickenpox | spots)
P(cowpox | spots)
=
=
P(spots | chickenpox) · P(chickenpox)
P(spots)
P(spots | cowpox) · P(cowpox)
P(spots)
85% 1%
90% 0.0001%
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
P(chickenpox | spots)
P(cowpox | spots)
=
=
P(spots | chickenpox) · P(chickenpox)
P(spots)
P(spots | cowpox) · P(cowpox)
P(spots)
85% 1%
90% 0.0001%
0.85%
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
P(chickenpox | spots)
P(cowpox | spots)
=
=
P(spots | chickenpox) · P(chickenpox)
P(spots)
P(spots | cowpox) · P(cowpox)
P(spots)
85% 1%
90% 0.0001%
0.85%
0.0009%
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
P(chickenpox | spots)
P(cowpox | spots)
=
=
P(spots | chickenpox) · P(chickenpox)
P(spots)
P(spots | cowpox) · P(cowpox)
P(spots)
85% 1%
90% 0.0001%
0.85%
0.0009%
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
it’s chickenpox
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
common sense
it’s chickenpox
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
magic static analysis tool
99% accurate
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
P(clean code | clean report) =
P(clean report | clean code) · P(clean code)
P(clean report)
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
P(clean code | clean report) =
P(clean report | clean code) · P(clean code)
P(clean report)
99%
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
P(clean code | clean report) =
P(clean report | clean code) · P(clean code)
P(clean report)
99%
1.98%
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
P(clean code | clean report) =
P(clean report | clean code) · P(clean code)
P(clean report)
99% 1%
1.98%
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
P(clean code | clean report) =
P(clean report | clean code) · P(clean code)
P(clean report)
99% 1%
1.98%
50%
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
not common-sense
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
artificial intelligence
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
top tip
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
tired: “we have no idea”
top tip
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
tired: “we have no idea”
wired: “we are adopting bayesian thinking”
top tip
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why does concurrency
make my head hurt?
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
𝖯
(
𝖼𝗈 𝗇𝖼
𝗎 𝗋
𝗋𝖾 𝗇𝖼
𝗒
∣
𝗁
𝖾𝖺𝖽𝖺 𝖼𝗁𝖾
) =
𝖯
(
𝗁 𝖾 𝖺
𝖽 𝖺𝖼
𝗁𝖾
∣
𝖼𝗈𝗇
𝖼 𝗎𝗋𝗋
𝖾𝗇
𝖼𝗒
) ⋅
𝖯
(
𝖼𝗈𝗇
𝖼𝗎𝗋𝗋
𝖾𝗇
𝖼𝗒
)
𝖯
(
𝗁
𝖾𝖺𝖽
𝖺 𝖼𝗁𝖾
)
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
𝖯
(
𝖼𝗈 𝗇𝖼
𝗎 𝗋
𝗋𝖾 𝗇𝖼
𝗒
∣
𝗁
𝖾𝖺𝖽𝖺 𝖼𝗁𝖾
) =
𝖯
(
𝗁 𝖾 𝖺
𝖽 𝖺𝖼
𝗁𝖾
∣
𝖼𝗈𝗇
𝖼 𝗎𝗋𝗋
𝖾𝗇
𝖼𝗒
) ⋅
𝖯
(
𝖼𝗈𝗇
𝖼𝗎𝗋𝗋
𝖾𝗇
𝖼𝗒
)
𝖯
(
𝗁
𝖾𝖺𝖽
𝖺 𝖼𝗁𝖾
)
can I blame concurrency for
my headache?
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
𝖯
(
𝖼𝗈 𝗇𝖼
𝗎 𝗋
𝗋𝖾 𝗇𝖼
𝗒
∣
𝗁
𝖾𝖺𝖽𝖺 𝖼𝗁𝖾
) =
𝖯
(
𝗁 𝖾 𝖺
𝖽 𝖺𝖼
𝗁𝖾
∣
𝖼𝗈𝗇
𝖼 𝗎𝗋𝗋
𝖾𝗇
𝖼𝗒
) ⋅
𝖯
(
𝖼𝗈𝗇
𝖼𝗎𝗋𝗋
𝖾𝗇
𝖼𝗒
)
𝖯
(
𝗁
𝖾𝖺𝖽
𝖺 𝖼𝗁𝖾
)
can I blame concurrency for
my headache?
how many devs can cope
with concurrency?
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
𝖯
(
𝖼𝗈 𝗇𝖼
𝗎 𝗋
𝗋𝖾 𝗇𝖼
𝗒
∣
𝗁
𝖾𝖺𝖽𝖺 𝖼𝗁𝖾
) =
𝖯
(
𝗁 𝖾 𝖺
𝖽 𝖺𝖼
𝗁𝖾
∣
𝖼𝗈𝗇
𝖼 𝗎𝗋𝗋
𝖾𝗇
𝖼𝗒
) ⋅
𝖯
(
𝖼𝗈𝗇
𝖼𝗎𝗋𝗋
𝖾𝗇
𝖼𝗒
)
𝖯
(
𝗁
𝖾𝖺𝖽
𝖺 𝖼𝗁𝖾
)
can I blame concurrency for
my headache?
how many devs can cope
with concurrency?
how much
concurrency is there?
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
𝖯
(
𝖼𝗈 𝗇𝖼
𝗎 𝗋
𝗋𝖾 𝗇𝖼
𝗒
∣
𝗁
𝖾𝖺𝖽𝖺 𝖼𝗁𝖾
) =
𝖯
(
𝗁 𝖾 𝖺
𝖽 𝖺𝖼
𝗁𝖾
∣
𝖼𝗈𝗇
𝖼 𝗎𝗋𝗋
𝖾𝗇
𝖼𝗒
) ⋅
𝖯
(
𝖼𝗈𝗇
𝖼𝗎𝗋𝗋
𝖾𝗇
𝖼𝗒
)
𝖯
(
𝗁
𝖾𝖺𝖽
𝖺 𝖼𝗁𝖾
)
can I blame concurrency for
my headache?
how many devs can cope
with concurrency?
how often do heads hurt?
how much
concurrency is there?
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
𝖯
(
𝖼𝗈 𝗇𝖼
𝗎 𝗋
𝗋𝖾 𝗇𝖼
𝗒
∣
𝗁
𝖾𝖺𝖽𝖺 𝖼𝗁𝖾
) =
𝖯
(
𝗁 𝖾 𝖺
𝖽 𝖺𝖼
𝗁𝖾
∣
𝖼𝗈𝗇
𝖼 𝗎𝗋𝗋
𝖾𝗇
𝖼𝗒
) ⋅
𝖯
(
𝖼𝗈𝗇
𝖼𝗎𝗋𝗋
𝖾𝗇
𝖼𝗒
)
𝖯
(
𝗁
𝖾𝖺𝖽
𝖺 𝖼𝗁𝖾
)
can I blame concurrency for
my headache?
how many devs can cope
with concurrency?
how often do heads hurt?
how much
concurrency is there?
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chip design
electrical
engineering 101
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
cores per cpu
amd + intel
sources: https://www.reddit.com/r/Amd/comments/6cu5ss/highest_amount_of_cores_per_cpu_amd_vs_intel_year/
and https://www.servethehome.com/amd-and-intel-2p-server-core-count-growth-2010-2022/
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
cores per cpu
amd + intel
sources: https://www.reddit.com/r/Amd/comments/6cu5ss/highest_amount_of_cores_per_cpu_amd_vs_intel_year/
and https://www.servethehome.com/amd-and-intel-2p-server-core-count-growth-2010-2022/
1
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
cores per cpu
amd + intel
sources: https://www.reddit.com/r/Amd/comments/6cu5ss/highest_amount_of_cores_per_cpu_amd_vs_intel_year/
and https://www.servethehome.com/amd-and-intel-2p-server-core-count-growth-2010-2022/
1 2
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
cores per cpu
amd + intel
sources: https://www.reddit.com/r/Amd/comments/6cu5ss/highest_amount_of_cores_per_cpu_amd_vs_intel_year/
and https://www.servethehome.com/amd-and-intel-2p-server-core-count-growth-2010-2022/
1 2
48
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
cores per cpu
amd + intel
sources: https://www.reddit.com/r/Amd/comments/6cu5ss/highest_amount_of_cores_per_cpu_amd_vs_intel_year/
and https://www.servethehome.com/amd-and-intel-2p-server-core-count-growth-2010-2022/
1 2
48
128
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
sources: https://www.reddit.com/r/Amd/comments/6cu5ss/highest_amount_of_cores_per_cpu_amd_vs_intel_year/
and https://www.servethehome.com/amd-and-intel-2p-server-core-count-growth-2010-2022/
1 2
48
128
𝖯
(
𝖼 𝗈 𝗇𝖼𝗎
𝗋𝗋𝖾𝗇 𝖼
𝗒
)
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
why?
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
why?
single-processor performance
has plateaued
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
amdahl’s law
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
we have to get good
at concurrency
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
but not all of us
have to :)
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
the quarkus team:
P(headache | concurrency) < 0.10
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
2022
people thought they had
to do reactive programming
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
2022
people thought they had
to do reactive programming
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
2025
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
framework
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
framework
fast reactive core
… if it’s quarkus :)
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
framework
fast reactive core
… if it’s quarkus :)
user code
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
framework
fast reactive core
… if it’s quarkus :)
user code
reactive programming model
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
framework
fast reactive core
… if it’s quarkus :)
user code
reactive programming model
virtual threads
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
framework
fast reactive core
… if it’s quarkus :)
user code
reactive programming model
virtual threads
structured concurrency
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
quarkus programming model
@RunOnVirtualThread
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why did green threads flop,
and loom succeed?
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
sources: https://www.reddit.com/r/Amd/comments/6cu5ss/highest_amount_of_cores_per_cpu_amd_vs_intel_year/
and https://www.servethehome.com/amd-and-intel-2p-server-core-count-growth-2010-2022/
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48
128
why did green threads flop,
and loom succeed?
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why was AOT a bad idea,
but GraalVM is a good one?
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meteorology 101
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meteorology 101
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cloud
meteorology 101
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is my encrypted data safe?
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
336 combinations
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
336 combinations
4 days
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
jxf
ein
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
W-E-T-T-E-R-F-U-R
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
336 combinations
brute force
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
336 combinations
18 combinations
brute force
bayes-ed
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No content
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quantum
computing
physics 101
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
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No content
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qubit
both 0 and 1
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
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quantum computers
are becoming real
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No content
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fridge
colder than the space
between the stars
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fridge
colder than the space
between the stars
actual quantum chip
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
quantum computers would crack
most public-key cryptography
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
quantum computers would crack
most public-key cryptography
… but big enough ones don’t exist yet
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
schrodinger’s
cryptography
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
quantum computers would crack
most public-key cryptography
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
quantum computers would crack
most public-key cryptography
… but not all public-key cryptography
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
java 24
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
KeyPairGenerator g = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("ML-KEM");
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
KeyPairGenerator g = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("ML-KEM");
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why is there all this
hype, always?
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business
studies 101
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venture capital
business
studies 101
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
baby company
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
baby company
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
baby company
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
funding rounds
baby company
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
funding rounds
baby company
attracted
investment
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
funding rounds
baby company
attracted
investment
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
funding rounds
baby company
attracted
investment
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
funding rounds
baby company
attracted
investment
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
funding rounds
baby company
attracted
investment
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
funding rounds
baby company
attracted
investment
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
funding rounds
baby company
attracted
investment
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
funding rounds
baby company
attracted
investment
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
“exit”
funding rounds
baby company
attracted
investment
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
“exit”
funding rounds
baby company
IPO
attracted
investment
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
“exit”
funding rounds
baby company
IPO
acquisition
attracted
investment
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
“exit”
funding rounds
baby company
IPO
acquisition
attracted
investment
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
what attracts
investment?
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
what attracts
investment?
stability?
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
what attracts
investment?
stability?
profitability?
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
what attracts
investment?
stability?
profitability?
revenue?
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
what attracts
investment?
growth
stability?
profitability?
revenue?
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
what attracts
investment?
growth
stability?
profitability?
excitement
revenue?
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
what attracts
investment?
growth
stability?
profitability?
excitement
revenue?
likelihood of selling
stake at a profit
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
“It’s not simply that one piece of technology is
overhyped, it’s that hype is a necessary ingredient of
the current business ecosystem of the tech industry.”
– Meredith Whittaker
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
“It’s not simply that one piece of technology is
overhyped, it’s that hype is a necessary ingredient of
the current business ecosystem of the tech industry.”
– Meredith Whittaker
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why can’t I find a job?
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why can’t I find a new job?
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
Source: indeed.com via https://newsletter.pragmaticengineer.com/p/software-engineering-job-openings?publication_id=458709
usa developer vacancies
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
Source: indeed.com via https://newsletter.pragmaticengineer.com/p/software-engineering-job-openings?publication_id=458709
uk developer vacancies
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interest rates
macroeconomics
101
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
ZIRP
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
ZIRP
“zero interest-rate phenomenon”
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
0%
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
<1%
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
Source: Bank of England
UK interest rates
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
Source: Bank of England
averting
subprime
collapse
UK interest rates
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
Source: Bank of England
averting
subprime
collapse
covid
UK interest rates
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
Source: Bank of England
averting
subprime
collapse
covid
0.1% (!)
UK interest rates
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
Source: Bank of England
averting
subprime
collapse
covid
0.1% (!)
inflation
shortages
war
UK interest rates
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
Source: Bank of England
UK interest rates
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
exit
attracted investment
baby company
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exit
attracted investment
baby company
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exit
attracted investment
baby company
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exit
attracted investment
baby company
risk
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ZIRP
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software company
ZIRP
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government bond
software company
ZIRP
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government bond
risk
return
software company
ZIRP
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government bond
risk
return
software company
high
ZIRP
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government bond
risk
return
software company
high
20% - 500%
ZIRP
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government bond
low
risk
return
software company
high
20% - 500%
ZIRP
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government bond
low
0%
risk
return
software company
high
20% - 500%
ZIRP
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government bond
low
0%
risk
return
software company
high
20% - 500%
ZIRP
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government bond
low
4%
risk
return
software company
high
20% - 500%
post-ZIRP
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government bond
low
4%
risk
return
software company
high
20% - 500%
post-ZIRP
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less investment means less hiring
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less investment means less hiring
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what about the ai-lephant in the room?
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is AI killing jobs?
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AI is attracting heavy investment
exit
hype generation
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“our AI strategy is working”
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just because AI makes developers more productive,
doesn’t mean it will reduce the number of developers
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jevon’s paradox
economics 101
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jevon’s paradox
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jevon’s paradox
“efficiency improvements can
lead to increased consumption”
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what we imagine
when we widen roads
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what we get
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software is not going away
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1800s
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“knocker-up”
1800s
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“knocker-up”
1800s
human alarm clock
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“knocker-up”
1800s - 1940s
human alarm clock
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“knocker-up”
1800s
finite demand
- 1940s
human alarm clock
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“knocker-up”
1800s
finite demand
only employees need waking up
- 1940s
human alarm clock
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“knocker-up”
1800s
finite demand
only employees need waking up
no one needs waking up more than once
- 1940s
human alarm clock
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the more software we have,
the more we want
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software to do stuff
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software to do stuff
software to do more stuff
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software to do stuff
software to do more stuff
software to tell people about software
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software to do stuff
software to do more stuff
software to tell people about software
software to bypass advertisements in the software
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software to do stuff
software to do more stuff
software to tell people about software
software to bypass advertisements in the software
software to bypass the bypass software so ads still show
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
software to do stuff
software to do more stuff
software to tell people about software
software to bypass advertisements in the software
software to bypass the bypass software so ads still show
software to gamify software
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software to do stuff
software to do more stuff
software to tell people about software
software to bypass advertisements in the software
software to bypass the bypass software so ads still show
software to gamify software
software to monitor the software
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software to do stuff
software to do more stuff
software to tell people about software
software to bypass advertisements in the software
software to bypass the bypass software so ads still show
software to gamify software
software to monitor the software
software to debug the vibe-coded software
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software to do stuff
software to do more stuff
software to tell people about software
software to bypass advertisements in the software
software to bypass the bypass software so ads still show
software to gamify software
software to monitor the software
software to debug the vibe-coded software
software to manage the software
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
software to do stuff
software to do more stuff
software to tell people about software
software to bypass advertisements in the software
software to bypass the bypass software so ads still show
software to gamify software
software to monitor the software
software to debug the vibe-coded software
software to manage the software
software to write the software
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
software to do stuff
software to do more stuff
software to tell people about software
software to bypass advertisements in the software
software to bypass the bypass software so ads still show
software to gamify software
software to monitor the software
software to debug the vibe-coded software
software to manage the software
software to write the software
software to manage the software that writes the software
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
software to do stuff
software to do more stuff
software to tell people about software
software to bypass advertisements in the software
software to bypass the bypass software so ads still show
software to gamify software
software to monitor the software
software to debug the vibe-coded software
software to manage the software
software to write the software
software to manage the software that writes the software
software to try and avoid skynet
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software to do stuff
software to do more stuff
software to tell people about software
software to bypass advertisements in the software
software to bypass the bypass software so ads still show
software to gamify software
software to monitor the software
software to debug the vibe-coded software
software to manage the software
software to write the software
software to manage the software that writes the software
software to try and avoid skynet
software to work out the meaning of life
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@hollycummins.com #Quarkus #IBM
software to do stuff
software to do more stuff
software to tell people about software
software to bypass advertisements in the software
software to bypass the bypass software so ads still show
software to gamify software
software to monitor the software
software to debug the vibe-coded software
software to manage the software
software to write the software
software to manage the software that writes the software
software to try and avoid skynet
software to work out the meaning of life
…
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Source: indeed.com via https://newsletter.pragmaticengineer.com/p/software-engineering-job-openings?publication_id=458709
usa developer vacancies
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Source: indeed.com via https://newsletter.pragmaticengineer.com/p/software-engineering-job-openings?publication_id=458709
usa developer vacancies
chatgpt
released
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tl;dpa
(too long; didn’t pay attention)
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tl;dpa
⁃ statistics is (annoyingly) important, especially bayes
(too long; didn’t pay attention)
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@holly_cummins #Quarkus #IBM
tl;dpa
⁃ statistics is (annoyingly) important, especially bayes
⁃ to achieve more power, computers have to add more cores
(too long; didn’t pay attention)
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@holly_cummins #Quarkus #IBM
tl;dpa
⁃ statistics is (annoyingly) important, especially bayes
⁃ to achieve more power, computers have to add more cores
⁃ software is not very good at taking advantage of these cores
(too long; didn’t pay attention)
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@holly_cummins #Quarkus #IBM
tl;dpa
⁃ statistics is (annoyingly) important, especially bayes
⁃ to achieve more power, computers have to add more cores
⁃ software is not very good at taking advantage of these cores
⁃ for data you want to be secret in 10 years, use quantum-safe crypto
(too long; didn’t pay attention)
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@holly_cummins #Quarkus #IBM
tl;dpa
⁃ statistics is (annoyingly) important, especially bayes
⁃ to achieve more power, computers have to add more cores
⁃ software is not very good at taking advantage of these cores
⁃ for data you want to be secret in 10 years, use quantum-safe crypto
⁃ the rise of interest rates means a tougher job market
(too long; didn’t pay attention)
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@holly_cummins #Quarkus #IBM
tl;dpa
⁃ statistics is (annoyingly) important, especially bayes
⁃ to achieve more power, computers have to add more cores
⁃ software is not very good at taking advantage of these cores
⁃ for data you want to be secret in 10 years, use quantum-safe crypto
⁃ the rise of interest rates means a tougher job market
⁃ jevon’s paradox means demand for software will go up even if ai
makes producing software cheaper
(too long; didn’t pay attention)
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http://hollycummins.com/things-to-care-about-xconf/
@hollycummins.com