Architecting and delivering Java applications in the cloud era

by Karina Macedo Varela

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Otavio Santana @otaviojava Architecting and delivering Java applications in the cloud era Karina Varela @kvarel4

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Otavio Santana @otaviojava DevRel Engineer + Java Champion + JCP-EC-EG-EGL + Apache Committer + Eclipse Committer + Eclipse Project Leader + Book and blog writer Speaker

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Karina Varela @kvarel4 Senior Technical Marketing Manager + KIE Contributor + MOTU Tech Founder + SouJava Organizer + Instructor + Book and blog writer Speaker

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Cloud Origins, Why and How

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● Individuals and interactions over processes and tools ● Working software over comprehensive documentation ● Customer collaboration over contract negotiation ● Responding to change over following a plan Agile

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● DevOps ○ NoOps ● BizDevOps Breaking down the silos Great wall of China

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"Cloud is somebody else's problem" Cloud Jacob Peter Gowy's The Flight of Icarus (1635–1637)

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Concepts

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Some of the options Cloud PaaS IaaS CaaS SaaS Managed Application Services Managed Event Streaming Managed Database Managed API Gateways Managed Integration Decisions and Processes as a Service Backend as a Service (serverless)

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Cloud Native Applications

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“Cloud-native is an approach to building and running applications that exploits the advantages of the cloud computing model.” Cloud Native

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“Cloud-native is a different way of thinking and reasoning about software systems. It embodies the following concepts: powered by disposable infrastructure, composed of bounded, scales globally, embraces disposable architecture.” Cloud Native

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“In general use, ‘cloud-native’ is an approach to building and running applications that exploits the advantages of the cloud-computing delivery model. ‘Cloud-native’ is about how applications are created and deployed, not where.” Cloud Native

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“Independent DURS ultimately comes up in every discussion on cloud-native concepts; to independently Deploy, Update, Replace and Scale.” Cloud Native

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“Cloud-native is more than a tool set. It is a complete architecture, a philosophical approach for building applications that take full advantage of cloud computing.” Cloud Native

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“Cloud-native technologies empower organizations to build and run scalable applications in modern, dynamic environments such as public, private, and hybrid clouds. Containers, service meshes, microservices, immutable infrastructure, and declarative APIs exemplify this approach.” Cloud Native

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Cloud-native is a term used to describe container-based environments. Cloud Native

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A set of good practices to optimize an application in the cloud through: ● Containerization ● Orchestration ● Automation Cloud Native

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Cloud Native Trends Cloud Cloud Ready Cloud Friendly Cloud Native

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Java is too heavy for the cloud

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Java, Jakarta EE and Microproﬁle

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● Optimizations on GC ● Improvements Containers ● Better Integration ● Release 6 months Java

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● Eclipse Foundation ● Agile - Yearly deliveries ● Cloud Native Jakarta EE

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● Microservices ● Eclipse Foundation ● Agile- Quarterly releases ○ Fast Delivery Eclipse MicroProﬁle

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● Jakarta EE8 ● Security ● Fault Tolerance ● Much more... Eclipse Foundation

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Java ecosystem

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● Native ● Serverless ● GC ● JIT vs AOT Native image Hardware ISA SO JVM App Hardware ISA SO App

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Orchestration vs Choreography

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Independent services… involved in a same business ﬂow

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Multiple endpoint to endpoint communication?

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Choreography

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Event-driven Choreography Sam Newman

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New order created Services

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1. New order created 2. New order created, process payment Services

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1. New order created 3. See new paid order event, Start execution 2. New order created, process payment Services

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1. New order created 3. See new paid order event, Start execution 4. Execution done. 2. New order created, process payment Services

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1. New order created 3. See new paid order event, Start execution 4. Execution done. 2. New order created, process payment Order executed, start shipment Services

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Broker Services Choreography Subscribe / Publish Subscribe / Publish

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Orchestration

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Traditional Service Orchestration

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Automating Business Flows

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Services Orchestration Business Processes + Integration with (Micro)Services

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Event-driven solutions

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CI/CD

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Continuous Integration Commit Code Frequently Don't Commit Broken Code At every change: ↪ Build your... software ↪ Build your... database ↪ Run your tests Fix Broken Builds Immediately Write Automated Developer Test All tests must pass

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Continuous Delivery / Deployment

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DevOps With Containers Across the Hybrid Cloud? Source Repository CI/CD Engine Dev Container Physical Virtual Private cloud Public cloud

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Best Practices Java

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● Codebase ● Dependencies ● Config ● Backing services ● Build, release, run ● Process ● Port binding ● Concurrency ● Disposability ● Dev/prod parity ● Logs ● Admin processes The 12 Factors App

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Old but Gold

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“Certainly, we always read great things about the microservices architectures implemented by companies like Netﬂix or Amazon. So let me ask a question: how many companies in the world can be Netﬂix and Amazon?” Microservices Conway's law

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Best Practices For Java + Containers

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Container engines ● Know the options: ○ Standard: Open Containers Initiative (OCI) ● Team Skills ( Concepts and tool - basics ) ● Will you work with containers locally, during the development? ● Adding tests for your app, within the container ( i.e. Testcontainers )

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Container engines ● During the image build time: ○ Single Concern Principle ○ Self-Containment Principle ○ Image Immutability Principle

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Container engines ● During the container runtime: ○ High Observability Principle ○ Lifecycle conformance principle ○ Process disposability principle ○ Runtime conﬁnement principle