触れる可視化〜データビジュアライゼーションとは何か〜

by Yuichi Yazaki

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৮ΕΔՄࢹԽ ʙσʔλϏδϡΞϥΠθʔγϣϯͱ͸Կ͔ʙ ໼࡚༟Ұ %BUB7JTVBMJ[BUJPO+BQBO$PEF'PS5PLZP/PUBUJPO--$ ୈճ'MBU1MBDFͨ·ʹΘฏ੒೥݄೔

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ࣗݾ঺հ ৬ۀɿσʔλɾϏδϡΞϥΠθʔγϣϯ࣮຿ՈʗΠϯ λʔϑΣΠεɾσβΠφʔʗ͓΋ͪΌίϯαϧλϯτ ίϛϡχςΟɿίʔυɾϑΥʔɾτ΢Ωϣ΢୅දʗ σʔλɾϏδϡΞϥΠθʔγϣϯɾδϟύϯൃىਓ ૊৫ɿ߹ಉձࣾϊʔςʔγϣϯ୅දࣾһʗࠃཱࠃձਤॻ ؗҕ৤ݚڀһʗ౦ژେֶۭؒ৘ใՊֶݚڀηϯλʔॴଐ IUUQOPUBUJPODPKQ ໼࡚༟Ұ

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։࠵࣮੷ʹ͍ͭͯ ߨٛɾߨԋɿ੨৿ݝʗגࣜձࣾ೔ཱ੡࡞ॴʗਗ਼ਫݐઃ גࣜձࣾʗ૯຿ল౷ܭہʗઍ༿ݝྲྀࢁࢢʗ஍ཧ৘ใγ εςϜֶձʗσʔλΤΫενΣϯδίϯιʔγΞϜʗσ δλϧϋϦ΢ουʗ౦ւେֶʢεΫʔʹͯʣʗ౦ژେֶ $4*4د෇෦໳ʗ෋ࢁݝೆ౑ࢢʗ೔ຊܦࡁ৽ฉࣾʗ $PEF'PS+BQBOʗ'044()PLLBJEPʗ$PEF'PS4BHB ʗ)5.-+ʗ-0$"-(00%:0,0)"."ʗͳͲ ϫʔΫγϣοϓߨࢣɿγϒϠେֶʗ಺ֳ׭๪ʗถࠃେ࢖ ؗʗԣ඿ࢢܦࡁہʗ'044()PLLBJEPʗ.53-,:050 ʗͳͲ IUUQOPUBUJPODPKQMBOEJOH

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σʔλϏδϡΞϥΠθʔγϣϯ ͱ͸

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ʮσʔλʯ ʷ ʮϏδϡΞϥΠθʔγϣϯʯ ՄࢹԽ

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Πϯλʔωοτɾϒϥ΢βͰ ૢ࡞Մೳͳ νϟʔτ΍άϥϑɺ஍ਤ ೥ݱࡏ

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ૢ࡞ͯ͠ಈ͔ͤΔͱʮָ͍͠ʯ ͱ͍͏͜ͱ͚ͩͰ͸ͳ͘ʜ w ൺֱ͕Ͱ͖Δ w ΑΓࣗ෼ࣄʹͯ͠΋Β͏ w ଟ༷ͳϞϊͷݟํΛఏڙͰ͖Δ

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ಈతͳදݱ͕Ͱ͖Δ σʔλϏδϡΞϥΠθʔγϣϯͳΒͰ͸ͷಛ௃ FBSUI IUUQTFBSUIOVMMTDIPPMOFU

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ର࿩తͰ͋Δ σʔλϏδϡΞϥΠθʔγϣϯͳΒͰ͸ͷಛ௃ ̩̥̥ڊେܦࡁݍͷ࣮ྗ IUUQTWEBUBOJLLFJDPNQSKUQQ

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ఆੑσʔλΛఆྔతʹදݱͰ͖Δ σʔλϏδϡΞϥΠθʔγϣϯͳΒͰ͸ͷಛ௃ ݪൃࣄނආ೉ऀͷ੠ IUUQXXXOILPSKQOFXTGVLVTIJNBXPSEDMPVE

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ΑΓৄࡉʹ σʔλϏδϡΞϥΠθʔγϣϯͳΒͰ͸ͷಛ௃ #SFYJU Ψʔσ ΟΞϯࢴ IUUQTXXXUIFHVBSEJBODPNQPMJUJDTOHJOUFSBDUJWFKVOFVSFGFSFOEVNMJWFSFTVMUTBOEBOBMZTJT

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৽͍͠୯Ґ ෳ਺ͷσʔλ͔Β࡞Δ৽͍͠ࢦඪ σʔλϏδϡΞϥΠθʔγϣϯͳΒͰ͸ͷಛ௃ -FWFMJOHUIFpFMEʢΦϦϯϐοΫ֫ಘϝμϧ਺ʣ IUUQTMBOEJOHHPPHMFDPNBMUNFEBMUBCMF

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ࢹ఺Λม͑Δʢ၆ᛌͱݸผʣ ਿӜ߁ฏ͞Μ࡞ɹ࣌ؒ࣠มܗ஍ਤ σʔλϏδϡΞϥΠθʔγϣϯͳΒͰ͸ͷಛ௃

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දݱͷ෯Λ֦ு σʔλϏδϡΞϥΠθʔγϣϯͳΒͰ͸ͷಛ௃ ΦʔϓϯσʔλσΠɾϩΰδΣωϨʔλ IUUQTUSVDUVSFBOESFQSFTFOUBUJPODPNXPSLTPEE

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දݱͷ෯Λ֦ு σʔλϏδϡΞϥΠθʔγϣϯͳΒͰ͸ͷಛ௃ ࠤլ΁ͷసೖసग़ IUUQTUSVDUVSFBOESFQSFTFOUBUJPODPNXPSLTQSFGFDUVSBM.JHSBOUTTBHB

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දݱͷ෯Λ֦ு σʔλϏδϡΞϥΠθʔγϣϯͳΒͰ͸ͷಛ௃ ͘·Ϟϯ IUUQTXXXGBDFCPPLDPNQIPUPQIQ GCJETFUBUZQFUIFBUFS

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w ಈతͳදݱ͕Ͱ͖Δ w ର࿩తͰ͋Δ w ఆੑσʔλΛఆྔతʹදݱͰ͖Δ w ΑΓৄࡉʹ w ৽͍͠୯Ґ w ࢹ఺Λม͑Δʢ၆ᛌͱݸผʣ w දݱͷ෯Λ֦ு σʔλϏδϡΞϥΠθʔγϣϯͳΒͰ͸ͷಛ௃

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औΓ૊Έࣄྫͷ͝঺հ

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ࠃཱࠃձਤॻؗʢ/%-ʣ /%-σʔλར׆༻ϫʔΫγϣοϓ ʙ΢ΣϒɾΞʔΧΠϒͷ࣏ࣗମαΠτΛՄࢹԽ͠Α͏ʙ ࠃཱࠃձਤॻؗॳͷσʔλՄࢹԽΠϕϯτ ໾ׂɿاըɺ࣮ࢪαϙʔτɺϝϯλʔ ར༻πʔϧɿ$BSUPɺ3"8ɺ%KTɺ1SPDFTTJOH ར༻σʔλɿ8"31ʢ΢ΣϒΞʔΧΠϒʣ IUUQMBCOEMHPKQDNT RWJTVBMJ[F

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/%-͕อ༗͢Δެతػؔͷ΢ΣϒΞʔΧΠϒͷ͏ͪɺ ஍ํ࣏ࣗମσʔλΛར༻ͯ͠ՄࢹԽ࡞඼Λͭͬͨ͘ɻ IUUQWJTVBMJ[JOHKQOEMEBUBWJ[

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໨ࢦͨ͜͠ͱ w 8"31ͷσʔλར׆༻ʢՄࢹԽʣͷࣄྫ࡞Γ w ஍ํ࣏ࣗମ͝ͱͷҙ֎ͳಛ௃΍ɺҙ֎ͳؔ܎ ੑΛσʔλ͔Β୳͠ग़͍ͨ͠ w ϋοΧιϯܗࣜͰɺҰൠͷํୡͷ໰୊ҙࣝΛ ࣋ͪࠐΜͰ΋Β͏

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ࢀՃऀͷ࡞඼ IUUQMBCOEMHPKQDNT RWJTVBMJ[F IUUQTDPEFJRKQNBHB[JOF

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ࠓޙͷల։ w ҕୗݚڀһͱͯ͠ɺσʔλϏδϡΞϥΠθʔγϣ ϯͷࣄྫ࡞ΓʹऔΓ૊Ή w 8"31ͷ͍࣋ͬͯΔඇߏ଄Խσʔλ͔Βɺߏ ଄ԽσʔλΛऔΓग़ͯ͠ఆৗతʹఏڙͰ͖Δ Α͏ͳ࢓૊Έ࡞ΓΛޙԡ͍ͯ͘͠͠

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3&4"4 3&4"4ͷڭՊॻʗ3&4"4Λ࢖ͬͯ஍Ҭͷ՝୊Λൃݟ͠Α͏ʂ ໾ׂɿΠϕϯτͷاըɺ࣮ࢪɺϝϯλʔɺॻ੶ͷࣥචXJUI$PEF'PS5PLZP

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3&4"4ͱ͸ w ౷ܭσʔλΛ೔ຊ஍ਤ্ʹࣔ͠ɺૢ࡞Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺ୭Ͱ΋௚ײతʹ಺༰ΛཧղͰ͖Δ͜ͱ ΛΊͨ͟͠΢ΣϒαΠτɻ w ֤౎ಓ෎ݝɾࢢ۠ொଜͱ͍ͬͨ஍ํ࣏ࣗମ͕3&4"4 Λ࢖ͬͯɺσʔλʹج͍ͮͨ੓ࡦܾఆΛߦ͏͜ͱ͕ ٻΊΒΕ͍ͯΔʢ಺ֳ෎ʹʣɻ IUUQTSFTBTHPKQ

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3&4"4ͷීٴଅਐͷͨΊɺຽؒஂମͱͯ͠͸ ॳΊͯ಺ֳ׭๪ͱڞ࠵ͰϫʔΫγϣοϓΛ։࠵ɻ ࢀՃਓ਺ɿ໊ ৬ۀɿΤϯδχΞɺσβΠφʔɺσʔλαΠΤ ϯςΟετɺ౎৬һ

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ࢀՃऀͷϫʔΫʢதؒ੒Ռ෺ʣ

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IUUQXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ ʮষ஍ݩͰϫʔΫγϣοϓΛ։͜͏ʯΛ$PEF'PS5PLZPͰ୲౰

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IUUQXXXTMJEFTIBSFOFUTLJQEPHSFTBTD IUUQTEPDTHPPHMFDPNQSFTFOUBUJPOE 7Q@)1*Q/*YJ)IPJ;*MMT3TI$('L$:0Z6VCX0,&FEJUTMJEFJEQ ࢀՃऀͷ࡞඼

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3&4"4ͷڭՊॻ IUUQXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ ষ3&4"4ͰൃݟͰ͖Δ͜ͱ ষ3&4"4Ϛοϓ૯ཡ ষ࣏ࣗମɾ஍Ҭͷ෼ੳࣄྫू ষ&YDFMͰ؆୯ʹͰ͖Δ౷ܭղੳ ʜ͓ͨʹ୅දऔక໾খ୩༞Ұ࿕ࢯ ষڭҭݱ৔ʹ͓͚Δ׆༻ͷ࣮ࡍ ʜۚ୔େֶদӜٛতࢯ ষ஍ݩͰϫʔΫγϣοϓΛ։͜͏ ʜ$PEFGPS5PLZP໼࡚༟Ұӿຊਅඒ ষਐԽΛଓ͚Δ3&4"4 ষ׆༻ΛՃ଎͢ΔΦʔϓϯσʔλू

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w ѻ͍ͬͯΔσʔλΛ࢖ͬͯʮώτɾϞϊɾΧωʯΛɹ ࠷େԽ͠Α͏ʂͱ͍͏ํ޲ੑ w ͢Ͱʹ஍Ҭʹ͋Δಛ௃΍ಛੑɾࢿݯΛɺΑΓࡉ͔͘೺Ѳ͠ɺࢪࡦΛ࣮ߦ͢Δ 3&4"4ͷڭՊॻ 3&4"4ʹ͋Δσʔλͷ܏޲ IUUQCZMJOFTOFXTZBIPPDPKQZB[BLJZVJDIJ

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IUUQQFBUJYDPNFWFOU ʮ3&4"4ͷڭՊॻʯൃചه೦Πϕϯτ

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ࠓޙͷల։ w ୅஍ํٞһ΁3&4"4ϫʔΫγϣοϓɾϫʔΫ γϣοϓΛ։࠵༧ఆʢϢʔεσϞΫϥγʔͱ࿈ܞʣ w ஍ํߦ੓ஂମ΁ϫʔΫγϣοϓ΍ߨٛͷ࣮ࢪ༧ఆ

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$PEFGPS5PLZP ίʔυɾϑΥʔɾτ΢Ωϣ΢ IUUQDPEFGPSUPLZP

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$PEF'PS5PLZPͱ͸ w ౦ژʹ͓͍ͯɺγϏοΫɾςοΫ׆ಈΛ͢Δஂମ w ઃཱ͔Β೥൒ w l$PEF'PSʜzͱͭ͘ஂମ͸શࠃͰҎ্

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ࣗॿ ڞॿ W ʮߦ੓ͱॅຽɺσβΠφʔ΍ϓϩάϥϚʔɺσʔλ෼ੳՈͳͲ͕࿈ܞ ͯ͠ɺߦ੓αʔϏεʹྨ͢ΔαʔϏεΛɺ*5ٕज़΍ΦʔϓϯσʔλΛ׆ ༻࣮ͯ͠ݱ͢ΔίϛϡχςΟ׆ಈΛࢦ͢ʯ ެॿ

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$PEF'PS5PLZPͱ͸ ʮख࡞Γͷ෮ݖʯ ʮࣾձ՝୊ͷՄࢹԽʯʢՄࢹԽͱղܾΛ෼཭ʣ ࣗ෼Ͱ΄͍͠΋ͷΛࣗ෼Ͱͭ͘Δɻ͢ΔͱԿ͔ʹৄ͘͠ͳΔɻ ਓʹԿ͔Λͯ͋͛͠ΔଆʹͳΔɻ৯ࣄͰ΋͓΋ͪΌͰ΋ެڞαʔ ϏεͰ΋ಉ͡Α͏ʹߟ͑ͯΈΔɻ ղܾʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɺͦΕͧΕͷܦݧ΍஌ݟɺઐ໳ੑʹ΋ͱ͍ͮͯɺ ୭΋͕ߟ͑ͯΑ͍΋ͷͩͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ

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$PEF'PS5PLZPͦͷଞͷऔΓ૊Έ w ඼઒۠ͱདྷ೥౓ʹࣄۀͭʢاը෦৘ใਪਐ՝ʗ஍ Ҭৼڵ෦஍Ҭ׆ಈ՝ʣ w ౦ژ౎ͷ֤෦ہͱͷ࿈ܞʢ৘ใ௨৴ࢪࡦਪਐʗੜ׆ จԽہଟจԽڞʗ੨গ೥ɾ࣏҆ରࡦຊ෦҆શ҆৺ ·ͪͮ͘Γʣ w ౦ژͱϘετϯͰ࿈ܞͨ͠/"4"ϋοΧιϯࣄ຿ہ w ˌ;Δ͞ͱೲίʔυ

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/%-σʔλར׆༻ϫʔΫγϣοϓ ʙ΢ΣϒɾΞʔΧΠϒͷ࣏ࣗମαΠτΛՄࢹԽ͠Α͏ʙ ஍ਤ΍σʔλ͔Βߟ͑ΔอҭԂ໰୊ ໾ׂɿσʔλऩूɺαΠτߏஙɺΠϕϯτ։࠵ ར༻πʔϧɿ&YDFMɺ+BWB4DSJQU ར༻σʔλɿอҭԂσʔλ IUUQDPEFGPSUPLZPDBUFHPSZIPJLVFONBQ

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5PLZPอҭԂϚοϓЌ൛ http://hoikuenmap.codefor.tokyo/ IUUQIPJLVFONBQDPEFGPSUPLZP

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IUUQTXXXGBDFCPPLDPNFWFOUT BDUJWF@UBCQPTUT σʔλ͔ΒอҭԂΛߟ͑Δ$JWJD)BDL/JHIU5PLZP

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อҭ࢜ɺอҭॴɺ଴ػࣇಐɺอҭ ॴͷӡӦऀͱ͍͏ͦΕͧΕʹ͍ͭ ͯɺϚΫϩͳࢹ఺͔ΒͷσʔλΛ ֓؍ɻ IUUQTTQFBLFSEFDLDPNDPEFGPSUPLZPEFUBLBSBCBPZVZVBOXPLBPFSV ࢀՃऀͷҙݟ΍ײ૝ IUUQTQBQFSESPQCPYDPNEPD$JWJD)BDL/JHIU(7HIW8D6)[;&)N+KV5

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ࠓޙͷల։ w ߦ੓͕ख͕ճ͍ͬͯͳ͍͜ͱΛɺ଴ͭͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ ࣗ෼ͨͪͰ࡞ͬͯ͠·͏ w ͍ۙ͠໰୊ҙࣝΛ͍࣋ͬͯΔਓͨͪΛר͖ࠐΉ w σʔλඪ४Խ w ڞ௨ޠኮج൘ʗ*1"४ڌ w ϢʔβʔΠϯλʔϑΣΠεͷચ࿅ w σʔλΛଟ࣍ݩʹΈ͍͚ͯΔΑ͏ʹ

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:BIPPΈΜͳͷ੓࣏ ࣾձ՝୊ΞΠσΞιϯ ໾ׂɿϫʔΫγϣοϓͷϝϯλʔͱ࡞඼੍࡞ʢ఺ͷΈʣ IUUQTFJKJZBIPPDPKQZPVUIJEFBUIPO

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IUUQTFJKJZBIPPDPKQZPVUIJEFBUIPO

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IUUQTFJKJZBIPPDPKQZPVUIJEFBUIPOUBOR

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IUUQTFJKJZBIPPDPKQZPVUIJEFBUIPOUPZBNB

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ਆށࢢʷόϧηϩφࢢͷσʔλՄࢹԽΠϕϯτ 8PSME%BUB7J[$IBMMFOHF ໾ׂɿΠϕϯτࢀՃͱهࣄࣥච IUUQLPCFCBSDFMPOBOFU

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IUUQLPCFCBSDFMPOBOFU

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ന͍ϨΰݸͰਆށࢢΛ࠶ݱ

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ਆށࢢͷ࣍ϝογϡ΁4/4σʔλΛϓϩδΣΫγϣϯ ஍ҬϝογϡʜҢ౓ɾܦ౓ʹج͍ͮͯ஍ҬΛಉ͡େ͖͞ͷ໢ͷ໨ʢϝογϡʣʹ෼͚ͨ΋ͷ

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3DϓϦϯλࢪઃ

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޻ظ 300೥ →150೥ IUUQLFOQMBU[OJLLFJCQDPKQBSUJDMFJUDPMVNO

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ࠓޙͷల։ w όϧηϩφࢢͱਆށࢢͷఏܞΛهࣄԽ͠·ͨ͠ɻ w εϚʔτγςΟͷऔΓ૊ΈΛ೔ຊͷͲ͔͜Ͱ࣮ફͰ ͖ͳ͍͔ɻ IUUQCZMJOFTOFXTZBIPPDPKQZB[BLJZVJDIJ

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·ͱΊ

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ͳͥඞཁ͔ʁ ˠ఻ΘΒͳ͚Ε͹ҙຯ͕ͳ͍ डಈత Ϣʔβʔͷঢ়ଶ ஌͍ͬͯΔ ஌Βͳ͍ Τϯλϝ౓ߴΊͳ ૌٻ ୺తͳૌٻ ୺తͳૌٻ ৄ͍͠આ໌͕Մೳ ೳಈత Ϣ ồ β ồ ͷ ஌ ࣝ

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डಈత Ϣʔβʔͷঢ়ଶ ஌͍ͬͯΔ ஌Βͳ͍ Τϯλϝ౓ߴΊͳ ૌٻ ୺తͳૌٻ ୺తͳૌٻ ৄ͍͠આ໌͕Մೳ ೳಈత Ϣ ồ β ồ ͷ ஌ ࣝ ͳͥඞཁ͔ʁ ˠ఻ΘΒͳ͚Ε͹ҙຯ͕ͳ͍

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ৄ͍͠આ໌ ୺తͳઆ໌ w ࣌ؒແ੍ݶͰ w จࣈͩΒ͚ͷࢿྉ਺ेϖʔ δͰ w ඵͰઆ໌PSɹɹɹɹ ෼Ͱઆ໌ w ୹ظهԱʹ࢒Δ ͳͥඞཁ͔ʁ ˠ఻ΘΒͳ͚Ε͹ҙຯ͕ͳ͍ ˠந৅Խ

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σʔλˠ৘ใˠ஌ࣝˠӳ஌ w ୹ظهԱʹ࢒Δ w Φʔϓϯσʔλ w ηϯαʔσʔλ w ৗࣝʹͳΔ w ௕ظهԱʹ࢒Δ w ʮෲམͪ͢Δʯ w ٞ࿦ͷϕʔεͱ ͳΔ w ந৅Խ w ՄࢹԽ σʔλϏδϡΞϥΠθʔγϣϯͷ ޮՌ w هԱʹ࢒Βͳ͍ w ૢ࡞Ͱ͖Δ

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