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pushing the limits of PHP
Christian “@another_clue” Lück
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Agenda
- Hello!
- PHP, the web of the ‘90s?
- Enter React
- Core components
- Examples and demo time
- Conclusions
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Hello!
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$ whoami
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$ whoami
Christian Lück
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$ whoami
Christian Lück
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$ whoami
Christian Lueck
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$ whoami
Christian Lueck
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$ whoami
Christian Lueck
@clue
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$ whoami
Christian Lueck
@another_clue
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$ whoami
Christian Lueck
@another_clue
passionate about pushing the limits
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$ whoami
Christian Lueck
@another_clue
passionate about pushing the limits
freelance software engineer 12
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Who are you?
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now that you know me…
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Who are you?
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now that you know me…
- PHP developers?
- architecs / engineers?
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Who are you?
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now that you know me…
- PHP developers?
- architecs / engineers?
- know React?
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PHP, the web of the ‘90s?
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PHP and the web of the ‘90s
- traditional LAMP stack
- Request-Response-Cycle
- PHP is too slow?
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Apache
Client PHP MySQL
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PHP and the web of the ‘90s
- traditional LAMP stack
- Request-Response-Cycle
- PHP is too slow?
- We sure can improve this…
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Apache
Client PHP MySQL
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PHP and the web of the ‘90s
- traditional LAMP stack
- Request-Response-Cycle
- PHP is too slow?
- We sure can improve this…
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Apache
Client PHP MySQL
Apache
Client
FPM
MySQL
PHP
PHP
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PHP and the web of the ‘90s
- traditional LAMP stack
- Request-Response-Cycle
- PHP is too slow?
- We sure can improve this…
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Apache
Client PHP MySQL
Apache
Client
FPM
MySQL
PHP
PHP
nginx
Client
FPM
MySQL
PHP
PHP
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PHP and the web of the ‘90s
- traditional LAMP stack
- Request-Response-Cycle
- PHP is too slow?
- We sure can improve this…
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Apache
Client PHP MySQL
Apache
Client
FPM
MySQL
PHP
PHP
nginx
Client
FPM
MySQL
PHP
PHP
nginx
Client
FPM
memcache
PHP
PHP
MySQL
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PHP may not be pretty…
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PHP may not be pretty…
but it gets the job done!
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Knock knock!
Who’s there?
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Knock knock!
2019!
Who’s there?
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Knock knock!
2019!
- Separation of concerns
(Frontend↔Backend)
- HTTP APIs (RESTful)
- Integration with 3rd parties
- Live-Data (ticker)
- CLI tools
Who’s there?
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Node.js
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Node.js
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good fit, huge ecosystem
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Node.js
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good fit, huge ecosystem
interesting concepts
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Node.js
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good fit, huge ecosystem
interesting concepts
npm install…
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nodejs?
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no js!
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Everybody’s favorite language…
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PHP
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PHP
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gets the job done
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PHP
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gets the job done
widespread usage
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PHP
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gets the job done
widespread usage
if PHP can do it…
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Enter React!
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The other React™
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The REAL React™
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What is React?
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What is React?
non-blocking I/O
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What is React?
non-blocking I/O
event-driven
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What is React?
non-blocking I/O
event-driven
async
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100%
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100%
pure PHP
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100%
pure PHP
no extensions
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100%
pure PHP
no extensions
no magic
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What does that even mean?!
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the idea
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the idea
calculations are fast
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the idea
calculations are fast
I/O is slow
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I/O is everywhere
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I/O is everywhere
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I/O is everywhere
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I/O is everywhere
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I/O is everywhere
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Source: Latency Numbers Every Programmer Should Know: https://gist.github.com/jboner/2841832
CPU vs I/O
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I/O is slow!
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I/O is slow!
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This is React
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This is React
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Start multiple I/O operations (non-blocking)
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This is React
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Start multiple I/O operations (non-blocking)
Get notified when something happens (react)
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This is React
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Start multiple I/O operations (non-blocking)
Get notified when something happens (react)
Don’t waste time waiting
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What React is not
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What React is not
React is not black magic / vodoo
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What React is not
React is not black magic / vodoo
React is not a framework
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What React is not
React is not black magic / vodoo
React is not a framework
React is not the new buzz
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React core components
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React Core components
- Event loop (reactor)
- Streams
- Promises
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Event loop
Consumers
- THE core, low-level component
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Event loop
Consumers
- THE core, low-level component
- Create an instance
- Just use the Factory
- Additional extensions for bigger payloads
- something inbetween…
- just pass the $loop around
- Start running
- keeps running forever
- unless stopped or done
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Event loop
Consumers
- THE core, low-level component
- Create an instance
- Just use the Factory
- Additional extensions for bigger payloads
- something inbetween…
- just pass the $loop around
- Start running
- keeps running forever
- unless stopped or done
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$loop = Factory::create();
// something inbetween
// pass the $loop around to all components
$loop->run();
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Event loop
Implementors
- Reactor pattern (hence the name)
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Event loop
Implementors
- Reactor pattern (hence the name)
- start timers
- once
- periodic
- ticks
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$loop->addTimer(0.5, function () {
echo ‘world’;
});
$loop->addTimer(0.3, function () {
echo ‘hello’;
});
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Event loop
Implementors
- Reactor pattern (hence the name)
- start timers
- once
- periodic
- ticks
- wait for stream resources to become
- readable
- writable
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$loop->addTimer(0.5, function () {
echo ‘world’;
});
$loop->addTimer(0.3, function () {
echo ‘hello’;
});
$loop->addReadStream($stream, $fn);
$loop->addWriteStream($stream, $fn);
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Streams
- Process large strings in chunks as they happen (think downloads)
- Types
- Readable (e.g. STDIN pipe)
- Writable (e.g. STDOUT pipe)
- Duplex (e.g. TCP/IP connection)
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Streams
- interfaces, events and listeners:
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$dest->write(‘hello’);
$source->on(‘data’, function ($data) {
var_dump($data);
});
$source->on(‘close’, function () {
echo ‘stream closed’;
});
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Streams
- interfaces, events and listeners:
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$dest->write(‘hello’);
$source->on(‘data’, function ($data) {
var_dump($data);
});
$source->on(‘close’, function () {
echo ‘stream closed’;
});
$source->pipe($gunzip)->pipe($badwords)->pipe($dest);
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Promises
- Placeholder for a single future result
- Possible states:
- pending
- fulfilled (successfully resolved)
- rejected (Exception occured)
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Promises
- no more imperative code flow
- instead (tell, don’t ask)
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$a->then($fulfilled = null, $rejected = null);
$a->then(‘process’);
$a->then(‘process’, ‘var_dump’);
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Examples and demo time!
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Examples and demo time!
All open source with links
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Socket server
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react/socket
- THE canonical chat example
- broadcast all incoming msgs
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Socket server
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react/socket
- THE canonical chat example
- broadcast all incoming msgs
- run example server
- connect via telnet:
$ telnet clue.engineering 6001
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HTTP client
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clue/buzz-react
- Simple HTTP requests
- inspired by kriswallsmith/buzz
- PSR-7 compatible
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HTTP client
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clue/buzz-react
- Simple HTTP requests
- inspired by kriswallsmith/buzz
- PSR-7 compatible
- Promises and Streams
- It’s fast…
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HTTP client
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clue/buzz-react
- Simple HTTP requests
- inspired by kriswallsmith/buzz
- PSR-7 compatible
- Promises and Streams
- It’s fast…
- benchmarks in following slides about
clue/docker-react
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Packagist API
clue/packagist-api-react
- get information about any
Composer package
- simple, Promise-based
- lightweight wrapper between
- KnpLabs/packagist-api
- clue/buzz-react
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Packagist API
clue/packagist-api-react
- get information about any
Composer package
- simple, Promise-based
- lightweight wrapper between
- KnpLabs/packagist-api
- clue/buzz-react
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- see its examples
$ php examples/search.php
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Docker client
clue/docker-react
- Run apps in isolated containers
- “build, ship and run, anywhere”
- Controlled through HTTP API
- Promises and Streams
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Docker client
clue/docker-react
- Run apps in isolated containers
- “build, ship and run, anywhere”
- Controlled through HTTP API
- Promises and Streams
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- see its promise examples
$ php examples/info.php
- see its streaming examples
$ php examples/benchmark-exec.php
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700 MiB/s
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700 MiB/s
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700 MiB/s
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dockerd maxed out
PHP not
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HTTP server
react/http
- Pure PHP, with
no additional webserver
- standard PSR-7 interfaces
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HTTP server
react/http
- Pure PHP, with
no additional webserver
- standard PSR-7 interfaces
- Lots of third-party integrations
with traditional frameworks
(symfony, slim, silex, PIMF etc.)
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5k requests/s
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5k requests/s
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5k requests/s
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this is a local single core benchmark!
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5k requests/s
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this is a local single core benchmark!
dual core i3 => 10k requests/s
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5k requests/s
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this is a local single core benchmark!
dual core i3 => 10k requests/s
36M requests/h
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Server sent events
clue/sse-react
- Server sent events (SSE)
- aka. EventSource (browser API)
- Streaming events to browser
- limited browser support
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Server sent events
clue/sse-react
- Server sent events (SSE)
- aka. EventSource (browser API)
- Streaming events to browser
- limited browser support
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- see examples connecting to initial chat
$ php examples/chat-server.php
- open browser:
http://clue.engineering:7000/
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Websocket server
cboden/ratchet
- Async WebSocket server
- bidirectional data flow between
browser and server
- better browser support
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Redis client
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clue/redis-react
- Redis is a fast in-memory DB
- very simple commands
- very simple protocol
- pipelined, Promise-based
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Redis client
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clue/redis-react
- Redis is a fast in-memory DB
- very simple commands
- very simple protocol
- pipelined, Promise-based
- see its examples
$ php examples/incr.php
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Redis server
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Redis server
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- Official Redis is written in C
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Redis server
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clue/php-redis-server
- Official Redis is written in C
- Reimplementation is pure PHP
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Redis server
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clue/php-redis-server
- Official Redis is written in C
- Reimplementation is pure PHP
- Very simple to add commands
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Redis server
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clue/php-redis-server
- Official Redis is written in C
- Reimplementation is pure PHP
- Very simple to add commands
- How fast could PHP possibly be?
Let’s see…
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Redis server
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clue/php-redis-server
- Official Redis is written in C
- Reimplementation is pure PHP
- Very simple to add commands
- How fast could PHP possibly be?
Let’s see…
- see its bin
$ php bin/redis-server.php
- test via clue/redis-react
- test via official redis CLI
- run official redis benchmark during talk:
- official server: ~90k OP/s
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50k OP/s
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50k OP/s
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50k OP/s
pure PHP
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50k OP/s
pure PHP
who needs native code anyway?
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Redis framework
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clue/php-redis-framework
- Development preview
- Very simple to add custom
commands
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Redis framework
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clue/php-redis-framework
- Development preview
- Very simple to add custom
commands
- run example server
$ php examples/11-beer.php
- connect via telnet:
$ telnet IP 9000
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Quassel
clue/quassel-react
- Quassel IRC core
- event-driven IRC chatbots
- re-using existing identity
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Zenity
clue/zenity-react
- PHP desktop GUI applications
- very simple, Promise-based
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Zenity
clue/zenity-react
- PHP desktop GUI applications
- very simple, Promise-based
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- see its simple examples
$ php examples/01-dialog.php
- see its more realistic examples
$ php examples/06-menu.php
$ php examples/03-progress-pulsate.php
$ php examples/03-progress-random.php
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BunnyPHP
bunny/bunny
- AMQP (RabbitMQ)
- job worker processes
- run slow things in background
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no polling
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no polling
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jobs instantly picked up
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no polling
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jobs instantly picked up
thousands of jobs per second
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no polling
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jobs instantly picked up
thousands of jobs per second
concurrently processing hundreds or more
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many, MANY more third-party projects:
https://github.com/reactphp/react/wiki/Users
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Conclusions
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PHP
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PHP
faster than you probably thought
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PHP
faster than you probably thought
more versatile than you probably thought
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ReactPHP
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ReactPHP
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a real deal and here to stay
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ReactPHP
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a real deal and here to stay
stable & production ready
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ReactPHP
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a real deal and here to stay
stable & production ready
*awesome*
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try!
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try!
whenever having to wait
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try!
whenever having to wait
whenever accessing network
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help!
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help!
elaborate documentation on ReactPHP.org
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help!
elaborate documentation on ReactPHP.org
tweet @ReactPHP or #reactphp
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help!
elaborate documentation on ReactPHP.org
tweet @ReactPHP or #reactphp
Talk to me
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help!
elaborate documentation on ReactPHP.org
tweet @ReactPHP or #reactphp
Talk to me
Did I mention I’m available? 153
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// thank you!
$loop->stop();
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@another_clue – https://lueck.tv/
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integration
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integration
non-blocking and blocking don’t mix well
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integration
non-blocking and blocking don’t mix well
decide for either approach
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integration
non-blocking and blocking don’t mix well
decide for either approach
isolate & communicate
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Integration with traditional environments
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integrating async into sync is easy
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Integration with traditional environments
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integrating async into sync is easy
- just run the loop until you’re done
- see clue/block-react
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Integration with traditional environments
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integrating async into sync is easy
- just run the loop until you’re done
- see clue/block-react
integrating sync into async is hard
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Integration with traditional environments
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integrating async into sync is easy
- just run the loop until you’re done
- see clue/block-react
integrating sync into async is hard
- often requires async rewrite
- consider forking instead
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Avoid blocking!
- The loop must not be blocked
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Avoid blocking!
- The loop must not be blocked
- Many functions / lib assume blocking by default
- Anything >1ms should be reconsidered
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Avoid blocking!
- The loop must not be blocked
- Many functions / lib assume blocking by default
- Anything >1ms should be reconsidered
- Alternatives
- Single result: Promises
- Evented: Streams
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Avoid blocking!
- The loop must not be blocked
- Many functions / lib assume blocking by default
- Anything >1ms should be reconsidered
- Alternatives
- Single result: Promises
- Evented: Streams
- Need a blocking function?
- Fork off!
- Use IPC
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Avoid blocking!
- The loop must not be blocked
- Many functions / lib assume blocking by default
- Anything >1ms should be reconsidered
- Alternatives
- Single result: Promises
- Evented: Streams
- Need a blocking function?
- Fork off!
- Use IPC
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Pay attention:
- PDO, mysql etc.
- file system access
- network access
- third-party APIs