Developer Productivity in Cookpad

by Issei Naruta

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ΫοΫύου͸ͳͥ ։ൃ͠΍͍͢ͷ͔ ΫοΫύουגࣜձࣾ੒ాҰੜ "844VNNJU5PLZP

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੒ాҰੜ ͳΔͨ ͍͍ͬͤ !NJSBLVJ ΫοΫύουגࣜձࣾ ΠϯϑϥετϥΫνϟʔ෦௕

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ΫοΫύουʹ͍ͭͯ

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.6#NP .14VTFST .DPPLJOHSFDJQFT ˞೥݄ݱࡏ !" # !

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'VMM"84 2011೥3݄ ౦ژϦʔδϣϯΦʔϓϯ 2011೥8݄ DC͔ΒAWS΁Ҡߦ ✈

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&$JOTUBODFT BUQFBL SFRTFD BUQFBL $

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0QT %FWFMPQFST %FQMPZTEBZ ⚒ #

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IUUQTTQFBLFSEFDLDPNB@NBUTVEBUIFSFDJQFGPSUIFXPSMETMBSHFTUSBJMTNPOPMJUI ΫοΫύου͸ੈքҰڊେͳ ϞϊϦγοΫ3BJMTΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʢ͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜʣ

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ʮ։ൃ͠΍͍͢ʯͱ͸Կ͔

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% ʮ։ൃ͠ʹ͍͘ʯঢ়ଶͷྫ ٕज़తͳ໰୊ʹΑͬͯΠϊϕʔγϣϯ્͕֐͞Ε͍ͯΔঢ়ଶ େྔͷϨΨγʔίʔυɺٕज़తෛ࠴ ςετ͸͋Δ͚Ͳৗʹ͍͔ͭ͘ Fail ͍ͯͯ͠ɺ  ์ஔ͞Ε͍ͯΔ σϓϩΠ͕ଐਓతͰɺ͕͔͔࣌ؒΓ͗ͨ͢Γɺ  ͨ·ʹࣦഊͨ͠Γ͢Δ

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։ൃ͠ʹͯ͘͘Կ͕ѱ͍ʁ ݱ৔ָ͕Λ͍ͨ͠ ૉૣ͘Ձ஋Λఏڙ͍ͨ͠

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⚒ ։ൃ σϓϩΠ ςετ

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։ൃ ⚒

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αʔϏε։ൃͱ͸Կͳͷ͔ ࡞͍ͬͯΔͷ͸ʮػೳʯͰ͸ͳ͘ʮαʔϏεʯʮϢʔβମݧʯ μϛʔσʔλͰ͸ͳ͘ຊ൪ͷσʔλΛ࢖ͬͯ։ൃ͢Δ΂͖ &

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ຊ൪ͱಉظͨ͠%#Ͱ։ൃ͢ΔϝϦοτ • Ϣʔβʔͱಉ౳ͷମݧ • ༧ظͤ͵σʔλʹΑΔόάʹؾ͖ͮ΍͍͢ • ॏ͍ΫΤϦʹؾ͖ͮ΍͍͢

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'# ຊ൪%# ։ൃ%# ։ൃऀ .Z42- .Z42- NZTRMEVNQ ( # ։ൃऀͷ୭͔͕ؾ͕޲͍ͨ࣌ʹ ຊ൪μϯϓσʔλ͔Β։ൃ DB Λߋ৽ ʢ൒೥ʹ1౓͘Β͍ʣ d

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खಈߋ৽ํࣜͷ໰୊఺ ݱߦͷσʔλͷΈͰൃੜ͢ΔΑ͏ͳΤϥʔʹؾ͖ͮʹ͍͘ ৽ணίϯςϯπʹؔ࿈ͨ͠ಈ࡞֬ೝ͕͠ʹ͍͘ Ϣʔβͷମݧͱ͸ҟͳΔ

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' ' ' # # # ຊ൪%# ։ൃ%# NBTUFS TMBWF SFBE X SJUF ։ൃऀ .Z42- .Z42- ݱࡏ ։ൃऀ͸ৗʹຊ൪ͷ࠷৽σʔλ͕ೖͬͨDBͰ։ൃ

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Ͳ͏΍Δͷ͔ ݒ೦఺ slave ʹॻ͖ࠐΜͩΒΩʔিಥ౳Ͱ  ϨϓϦέʔγϣϯΤϥʔʹͳΔͷͰ͸ʁ id ͕ຊ൪ͱͣΕͯ݁ہ࢖͑ͳ͍σʔλʹͳΔͷͰ͸ʁ

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JE OBNF ΧϨʔ ͔Β͋͛ ೑͡Ό͕ JE OBNF ΧϨʔ ͔Β͋͛ ೑͡Ό͕ ͦ͹ '# ຊ൪%# ։ൃ%# */4&35 ϨϓϦέʔγϣϯ ϥʔϝϯ ௨ৗɺslave ʹॻ͖ࠐΜͰ͠·͏ͱ AUTO_INCREMENT ͍ͯ͠Δ id ͕িಥ͢Δ

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JE OBNF ΧϨʔ ͔Β͋͛ ೑͡Ό͕ JE OBNF ΧϨʔ ͔Β͋͛ ೑͡Ό͕ ͦ͹ ͏ͲΜ ੜᇙম͖ '# ຊ൪%# ։ൃ%# */4&35 ϨϓϦέʔγϣϯ AUTO_INCREMENT ʹڊେͳΦϑηοτΛઃఆ͢Δ͜ͱͰ ຊ൪ͱিಥ͠ʹ͘͘͢Δ ϥʔϝϯ

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JE OBNF ΧϨʔ ͔Β͋͛ ೑͡Ό͕ JE OBNF ΧϨʔ ͔Β͋͛ ೑͡Ό͕ ͦ͹ ͏ͲΜ ੜᇙম͖ ຊ൪%# ։ൃ%# εςʔτϝϯτϕʔε ϨϓϦέʔγϣϯ ࠷৽ͷ݅Λʮম೑ʯʹมߋ UPDATE recipes SET name=‘ম೑’ ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1 ম೑ ম೑ εςʔτϝϯτϕʔεϨϓϦέʔγϣϯͰ͸ ։ൃ DB ͷσʔλ͕յΕ΍͍͢

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JE OBNF ΧϨʔ ͔Β͋͛ ೑͡Ό͕ JE OBNF ΧϨʔ ͔Β͋͛ ೑͡Ό͕ ͦ͹ ͏ͲΜ ੜᇙম͖ ຊ൪%# ։ൃ%# ߦϕʔε ϨϓϦέʔγϣϯ ࠷৽ͷ݅Λʮম೑ʯʹมߋ UPDATE recipes SET name=‘ম೑’ ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1 ম೑ ম೑ ߦϕʔεϨϓϦέʔγϣϯʹ͢Δ͜ͱͰ ։ൃ DB ͷσʔλ͕յΕʹ͘ͳΔ

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ຊ൪%# ։ൃ%# ߦϕʔε ϨϓϦέʔγϣϯ εςʔτϝϯτϕʔε ϨϓϦέʔγϣϯ CJOMPH ม׵༻%# ߦϕʔεϨϓϦέʔγϣϯͰ͸ɺ όΠφϦϩά΍సૹྔ͕ڊେʹͳΓɺຊ൪ʹෛՙ͕͔͔ΔͨΊ ࣮ࡍʹ͸தؒ DB Λ༻ҙ͠όΠφϦϩάΛม׵͍ͯ͠Δ

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ϨϓϦέʔγϣϯఀࢭରࡦ΋ඞཁ ෆ੔߹͸ى͖ʹ͘͘Ͱ͖Δ͕ɺܾͯ͠׬ᘳͰ͸ͳ͍ͷͰ  ϨϓϦ͕ΤϥʔͰࢭ·Δ͜ͱ΋͋Δ slave_skip_errors = ON Λઃఆͭͭ͠ɺ ఀࢭͨ͠Β skip ͯ͠࠶։͢Δ؂ࢹεΫϦϓτΛӡ༻ ʢslave_skip_errors͚ͩͰ͸ skip ͞Εͳ͍Τϥʔ͕͋ΔͨΊ…ʣ

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' ' ' # # # ຊ൪%# ։ൃ%# NBTUFS TMBWF SFBE X SJUF ։ൃऀ .Z42- .Z42- ։ൃऀ͸ৗʹຊ൪ͷ࠷৽σʔλ͕ೖͬͨDBͰ։ൃ

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ຊ൪؀ڥͰ։ൃ͢Δ w

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&BUZPVSPXOEPHGPPE ࣗ෼ͨͪͷαʔϏε͸ࣗ෼͕ͨͪϢʔβʹͳΔ΂͖ ♥

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ඇϩάΠϯ ελοϑϢʔβ ͱͯ͠ϩάΠϯ ελοϑ͕ϩάΠϯ͢Δͱɺ ։ൃதͷϕʔλػೳ͕͍ͭ͘΋༗ޮʹͳΔ

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ϕʔλػೳ ϦϦʔεൣғΛࢦఆͯ͠ެ։ ެ։ൣғͷྫ ελοϑͷΈʹެ։ ςετࢀՃϢʔβʹͷΈެ։ શମͷ10%ͷϢʔβʹެ։

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αʔϏεͷՁ஋͸࢖Θͳ͍ͱ෼͔Βͳ͍ ͦͷՁ஋ͷԾઆ͸ਖ਼͔ͬͨ͠ͷ͔ʁ ຊ൪ʹϦϦʔε͠ͳ͍ͱɺϢʔβʹ࢖ͬͯ΋Β͏͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ ຊ൪ʹϦϦʔε͢Δʹ͸ຊ൪ͷ඼࣭ͷ  ίʔυʢύϑΥʔϚϯε౳ʣʹ࢓্͛ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ʁ ˠඞཁͷͳ͍ػೳΛ࡞Γ͜ΜͰ͠·͏Մೳੑ͕͋Δ

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ૣࣦ͘ഊΛ͢Δ ίʔυͷ࡞ΓࠐΈʹ࣌ؒΛ͔͚ΔΑΓɺ ૉૣ͘ެ։ͯ͠ԾઆΛݕূ͢ΔͨΊʹ࣌ؒΛ࢖͏΂͖ *

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$IBOLP ຊ൪؀ڥͰͷτϥΠˍΤϥʔΛࢧԉ͢Δ Rails ༻ gem Unit ͱ͍͏୯ҐͰطଘίʔυ΁ͷύονΛهड़ ඼࣭ͷ௿͍ίʔυΛຊ൪ʹ҆શʹग़ͤΔ IUUQTHJUIVCDPNDPPLQBEDIBOLP +

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" # طଘͷίʔυ A ΛɺελοϑϢʔβͷΈʹରͯ͠ ϕʔλ൛ͷίʔυ B ʹஔ͖׵͍͑ͨ ͨͩ͠ɺB ͸๯ݥతͳ࣮૷ͳͷͰɺྫ֎͕ൃੜ͢Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ طଘͷ$POUSPMMFSͷίʔυ ϕʔλ൛ͷίʔυ

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ελοϑͳΒ# #Ͱྫ֎͕ى͖ͨΒ" ελοϑҎ֎ͳΒ" ϑϥάͰ෼ذ͍ͤͯ͘͞ͱίʔυ͕ԚΕ͍ͯ͘

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ϕʔλػೳͷ6OJU طଘͷ$POUSPMMFSͷίʔυ " # Chanko Ͱ͸ɺUnit ͱ͍͏ϑΝΠϧʹϕʔλػೳͷϩδοΫΛهड़͢Δ invoke ৚݅Λຬͨͨ͠৔߹ʹɺطଘϩδοΫ (A) ͷ୅ΘΓʹ Unit (B) ͕࣮ߦ͞ΕΔ B ͕ྫ֎Λىͨ͜͠৔߹͸ɺݩͷ A ͕࣮ߦ͞ΕΔͨΊɺϢʔβʹ͸Τϥʔ͕ฦΒͳ͍ JOWPLF৚݅

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ແࣄʹՁ஋͕ೝΊΒΕͨΒ ຊ൪ͷ඼࣭ͷίʔυʹ࢓্͛Δ طଘίʔυΛॻ͖׵͑ɺUnit ϑΝΠϧΛফ͢  ʢ௨শ Un-chankoʣ

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$IBOLPͷӡ༻ঢ়گ 2011: Chanko ϦϦʔε + ಋೖ 2015: 200+ Chanko Units • εςʔδϯά༻ͷαʔό͸ଘࡏ͢Δ͕ɺར༻ස౓͸௿͍ • ։ൃதͷ΋ͷΛຊ൪ʹग़͢จԽ͕Ͱ͖͍ͯΔ

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ςετ

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ΫοΫύουͱ34QFD 1800+ files 21000+ examples (test cases) 7 min ,

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5FTUTNFMMT ࣮ߦ͕࣌ؒ௕͍ յΕ΍͍͢ʢίʔυͷมߋʹऑ͍ʣ Fail ͠΍͍͢ ࣮ߦ؀ڥ΁ͷґଘ -

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3334QFD

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. 3334QFD ଎ͯ͘ɾ҆ͯ͘ɾ҆ఆͨ͠$* ෳ਺ͷ Spot Instance Λ࢖ͬͯ RSpec Λฒྻ࣮ߦ ڧྗͳϑΥʔϧττϨϥϯε IUUQTHJUIVCDPNDPPLQBESSSTQFD +

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// / / TMBWF TMBWF XPSLFS XPSLFS XPSLFS ʜ / ʜ ʜ ʜ / / / / NBTUFS ////ʜ

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$*XPSLFS୆਺ͷભҠ ۀ຿࣌ؒ֎͸୆਺ΛݮΒͯ͠  ίετ࡟ݮ

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&$4QPU*OTUBODF ͳΔ΂͘ϋΠεϖοΫͳΠϯελϯεΛ࢖͍͍͕ͨߴՁ →Spot Instance ͷར༻ 0

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&$4QPU*OTUBODF ʮ1࣌ؒ͋ͨΓͷ࠷େೖࡳՁ֨ʯΛࢦఆͯ͠ىಈ͢Δ ࢦఆͨ͠ʮ࠷େೖࡳՁ֨ʯΑΓ૬৔Ձ͕͚֨҆Ε͹ىಈ ىಈதʹ૬৔Ձ͕֨ʮ࠷େೖࡳՁ֨ʯΛ্ճͬͨ৔߹ɺ  Πϯελϯε͸γϟοτμ΢ϯ͞ΕΔ ૬৔Ձ֨͸ OnDemand Ձ֨ΑΓߴ͘ͳΔ͜ͱ΋͋Δ ૬৔Ձ֨͸ AZ ͝ͱʹΑͬͯ΋ҟͳΔ

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౦ژϦʔδϣϯͷͱ͋Δ";ʹ͓͚Δ 4QPU1SJDF DYMBSHF 0OEFNBOE I 3*ZBMMVQGSPOU I

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DYMBSHF DYMBSHF DYMBSHF ˺ ˺ DYMBSHF DYMBSHF DYMBSHF ˺ ˺ Ұ൪ίετύϑΥʔϚϯε͕͍͍  ΠϯελϯεΛࣗಈతʹબ୒

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ϑΥʔϧττϨϥϯε ͍͔ʹͯ͠GBJM͠ʹ͍͘$*ʹ͢Δ͔ ·Εʹࣦഊ͢ΔFYBNQMFʹରͯ͠ɿ ۭ͍͍ͯΔ worker Ͱࣗಈతʹ࠶࣮ߦ  Ұ౓Ͱ΋ success ͢Ε͹ success ͱͯ͠ѻ͏ 4QPU*OTUBODFͷࣗಈγϟοτμ΢ϯʹରͯ͠ɿ ଞͷ worker Ͱࣗಈతʹ࠶࣮ߦ ผλΠϓͷΠϯελϯεΛىಈ͠࠶࣮ߦ

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ׂΕ૭ཧ࿦ ݐ෺ͷ૭ׂ͕Ε͍ͯΔ֗͸ɺ࣏͕҆ѱԽ͢Δ ܰඍͳ൜ࡑΛపఈతʹऔΓక·Δ͜ͱͰ  ڟѱ൜ࡑΛ΋཈ࢭͰ͖Δͱ͢Δ؀ڥ൜ࡑ্ֶͷཧ࿦ IUUQKBXJLJQFEJBPSHXJLJׂΕ૭ཧ࿦ -

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$*͕ʮׂΕ૭ʯʹͳΒͳ͍Α͏ʹ ܰඍͳ͏ͪʹൃݟ͠ɺରॲ͢Δ • Ϗϧυ͕࣌ؒ௕͘ͳΔ • ͚ͯ͜Δςετͷ์ஔ • pending ঢ়ଶͳςετͷ์ஔ 1

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௨஌ Fail ͨ͠ example ͸࡞ऀΛ blame ͯ͠νϟοτͰ௨஌ Fail ͬ͠ͺͳ͠ʹͤ͞ͳ͍

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·Εʹ'BJM͢ΔςετΛݟ͚ͭΔ lBMMOJHIU$*z ۀ຿࣌ؒ֎ʹͣͬͱճ͠ଓ͚Δ CI success ཰͕௿͍ͱԿ͔͕͓͔͍͠

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໨ඪ ෼Ҏ಺ ෼Ҏ্͔͔ͬͨΒ௨஌ $*ͷϏϧυ࣌ؒΛ؂ࢹ

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QFOEJOHʹͤͬ͞ͺͳ͠ͷςετͷ࡞ऀʹࣗಈ௨஌ IUUQTHJUIVCDPNDPPLQBEQFOEBYFT +

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$*ӡ༻ͷ·ͱΊ • ༏Εͨ CI γεςϜΛ࡞Δ͜ͱΑΓɺ  Ͳ͏ӡ༻͢Δ͔͕ॏཁ • Ϗϧυ࣌ؒɾ௨ա཰ɾίετͳͲͷ  ࢦඪΛఆٛͯ͠؂ࢹ͠ɺ  վળ͍ͯ͘͠ • ׂΕ૭ʹ͠ͳ͍ 2

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σϓϩΠ

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+ TVDDFTT -(5. QVMMSFRVFTU NFOUJPO EFQMPZ &$ (JU)VC &OUFSQSJTF # EFWFMPQFS # SFWJFXFS $* +FOLJOT NFSHF

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σϓϩΠϧʔϧʢҰ෦ʣ • CI Λύεͨ͠ϦϏδϣϯͷΈσϓϩΠͯ͠Α͍ • σϓϩΠ͸ίʔυΛ push ͨ͠։ൃऀࣗ਎͕ߦ͏ • Ӧۀ࣌ؒ಺ͷΈσϓϩΠՄೳ • σϓϩΠޙ͸։ൃऀ͕ಈ࡞֬ೝ͠ɺ  ෆ۩߹Λݟ͚ͭͨΒ͙͢ʹϩʔϧόοΫ͢Δ

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σϓϩΠʹॏཁͳ͜ͱ • ଐਓతͰͳ͍͜ͱ • ਖ਼֬Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱ • ϩʔϧόοΫͰ͖Δ͜ͱ • े෼ʹ଎͍͜ͱ 3

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௚ۙिؒͷσϓϩΠʹ͔͔ͬͨ࣌ؒ ฏۉඵ IPTUT

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$BQJTUSBOP࣌୅ʢʙʣ capistrano2 + rsync_with_remote_cache

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$BQJTUSBOPσϓϩΠͱ଎౓ 1୆͔Βશ୆ʹ ssh + rsync σϓϩΠର৅ϗετ୆਺͕૿͑Δͱ஗͘ͳ͍ͬͯ͘

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σϓϩΠର৅ϗετશ୆ʹTTISTZOD ˠσϓϩΠ଎౓ͷϘτϧωοΫʹ $BQJTUSBOP # / / / / / / / STZOD

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.BNJZB

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.BNJZB ϋΠεέʔϥϒϧͳߴ଎σϓϩΠγεςϜ σϓϩΠର৅ϗετΛ serf ͰΫϥελϦϯά Amazon S3 ܦ༝Ͱ഑෍ Capistrano ޓ׵ͷσΟϨΫτϦߏ੒ IUUQTHJUIVCDPNTPSBINBNJZB +

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/ $* UBSCBMM 4 $*͕௨ͬͨϦϏδϣϯͷίʔυ͸ UBSCBMMͱͯ͠4ʹૹΒΕΔ

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/ / / / / / / / $*͕௨ͬͨϦϏδϣϯͷUBSCBMM͸ શ୆͕ৗʹࣗಈͰQVMM͍ͯ͠Δ ʢ͜ͷ࣌఺Ͱ͸·ͩຊ൪ͷίʔυ͸੾ΓସΘ͍ͬͯͳ͍ʣ /

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σϓϩΠͷࢦྩ͸4FSGΠϕϯτͱͯ͠(PTTJQϓϩτίϧͰ఻೻ # !IVCPUEFQMPZQSPEVDUJPO

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શ୆ͷϦϏδϣϯ͕੾ΓସΘΔ ʢϑΝΠϧ഑෍͸͋Β͔͡Ί׬͍ྃͯ͠ΔͨΊɺߴ଎ʹ׬ྃ͢Δʣ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / #

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.BNJZBͷεέʔϥϏϦςΟ Mamiya ͸σϓϩΠର৅ϗετ૿Ճʹରͯ͠εέʔϥϒϧ ϗετ͕૿Ճͯ͠΋ʢ΄ͱΜͲʣ஗͘ͳΒͳ͍ ϑΝΠϧͷ഑෍ɿ S3 ͷεέʔϥϏϦςΟΛར༻ શ୆΁ͷϦϏδϣϯ੾Γସ͑ࢦྩɿ Serf ΠϕϯτΛར༻

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.BNJZBʹΑΔσϓϩΠ࣌ؒ୹ॖޮՌ ෼ˠඵ DBQJTUSBOP NBNJZB DBQJTUSBOP NBNJZB

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͓ΘΓʹ

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⚒ ։ൃ σϓϩΠ ςετ

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։ൃͷ͠΍͢͞Λอͭ ׂΕ૭Λ࡞Βͳ͍ͨΊʹ͸ɺ੹೚ऀͱࢦඪ͕ඞཁ 4

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ʮ։ൃ͠΍͢͞ʯͷՁ஋ • ։ൃ͔ΒσϓϩΠ·ͰͷαΠΫϧ͕े෼ʹ଎͚Ε͹ɺ  ʮຊ൪؀ڥΛ࢖ͬͨ։ൃʯ͕࣮ݱͰ͖Δ →Ϣʔβͱಉ͡ମݧͷதͰ։ൃ͢Δ • ։ൃ͠΍͢͞ʹ౤ࢿ͢ΔՁ஋͸े෼ʹ͋Δ • ݁Ռͱͯ͠։ൃ૊৫΋αʔϏε΋݈શͳঢ়ଶΛอͯΔ 'JO