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どうアーキテクチャを
選定したか
中〜大規模アプリの minne は
GMO ϖύϘ
ҏ౻ ւ (tick-taku)
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WHO ARE YOU?
伊藤 拓海 tick-taku
▸ ฌݿݝ໌ੴࢢग़
▸ 2020/12 GMO ϖύϘ த్ೖࣾ
▸ Android ΞϓϦΤϯδχΞ (4)
▸ લ৬ SIer Ͱ IoT ܥͷΞϓϦΛ։ൃ
▸ ͖ͳݴޠ: Kotlin, Python
▸ झຯ : ࣗసं, ఱମ؍ଌ, ྉཧ, ΨδΣοτूΊ
▸ Twitter: @tick_taku77
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minne
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Android meetup
#android_meetup
Twitter でハッシュタグをつけてコメントして
イベントを盛り上がりましょう！！
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ΞδΣϯμ
▸ ͳͥΞʔΩςΫνϟΛ࠾༻͢Δͷ͔
▸ minne ʹ͓͚ΔΞʔΩςΫνϟͷྺ࢙
▸ MVC / MVP / MVVM
▸ Ͳ͏ΞʔΩςΫνϟΛબఆ͢Δ͔
▸ minne ͰͲ͏બఆ͔ͨ͠
▸ Repository / UseCase
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લఏ
▸ ࠓճͷ GUI ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷΞʔΩςΫνϟʹ͍ͭͯͰ͢
▸ MVC MVVM ͳͲΛɺΞʔΩςΫνϟύλʔϯͱݺͼ·͢
▸ σβΠϯύλʔϯΦϒβʔόʔύλʔϯͱ͔ͬͱਂ͍ͱ͜ΖΛࢦ͢ͷͰ
▸ αϯϓϧίʔυงғؾΛ͔ͭΜͰΒ͏ͨΊͳͷͰॾʑ͠ΐͬͨΓͯ͠Δͱ͜Ζ͕͋Γ·͢…
▸ αϯϓϧίʔυͰग़ͯ͘ΔॲཧҎԼͷϥΠϒϥϦΛ༻͍ͯ͠·͢
▸ REST API ΫϥΠΞϯτ : Retrofit2
▸ ඇಉظॲཧ : Kotlin Coroutine
▸ Jetpack : LiveData, ViewModel
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ఆࢹௌऀ
Android
初級者 ~ 中級者
向け
Android ΞϓϦ࢝ΊͯΈͨ
ͬͱεοΩϦίʔυ͕ॻ͖͍ͨ
ΞʔΩςΫνϟͲ͏͍͔ͯ͘͠໎͏ ͳͲͳͲ
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どうアーキテクチャを
選定したか
中〜大規模アプリの minne は
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ͳͥΞʔΩςΫνϟ
Λ࠾༻͢Δͷ͔
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ͳͥΞʔΩςΫνϟΛ࠾༻͢Δͷ͔
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ͳͥΞʔΩςΫνϟΛ࠾༻͢Δͷ͔
▸ νʔϜ։ൃ࣌ͷ࣮ͷόϥπΩΛ͗ɺϦϢʔβϏϦςΟΛߴΊΔ
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ͳͥΞʔΩςΫνϟΛ࠾༻͢Δͷ͔
▸ νʔϜ։ൃ࣌ͷ࣮ͷόϥπΩΛ͗ɺϦϢʔβϏϦςΟΛߴΊΔ
▸ ֤ϨΠϠΛͦͷ··Ϟδϡʔϧʹམͱ͠ࠐΊΔ
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ͳͥΞʔΩςΫνϟΛ࠾༻͢Δͷ͔
▸ νʔϜ։ൃ࣌ͷ࣮ͷόϥπΩΛ͗ɺϦϢʔβϏϦςΟΛߴΊΔ
▸ ֤ϨΠϠΛͦͷ··Ϟδϡʔϧʹམͱ͠ࠐΊΔ
▸ εϜʔζʹΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷѲɾղੳ͕Ͱ͖Δ
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ͳͥΞʔΩςΫνϟΛ࠾༻͢Δͷ͔
▸ νʔϜ։ൃ࣌ͷ࣮ͷόϥπΩΛ͗ɺϦϢʔβϏϦςΟΛߴΊΔ
▸ ֤ϨΠϠΛͦͷ··Ϟδϡʔϧʹམͱ͠ࠐΊΔ
▸ εϜʔζʹΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷѲɾղੳ͕Ͱ͖Δ
▸ ػೳमਖ਼ʹ͔͔Δίετ͕Լ͕Δ
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ͳͥΞʔΩςΫνϟΛ࠾༻͢Δͷ͔
▸ νʔϜ։ൃ࣌ͷ࣮ͷόϥπΩΛ͗ɺϦϢʔβϏϦςΟΛߴΊΔ
▸ ֤ϨΠϠΛͦͷ··Ϟδϡʔϧʹམͱ͠ࠐΊΔ
▸ εϜʔζʹΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷѲɾղੳ͕Ͱ͖Δ
▸ ػೳमਖ਼ʹ͔͔Δίετ͕Լ͕Δ
▸ ςελϏϦςΟ্͕͢Δ
ͳͲ…
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ͳͥΞʔΩςΫνϟΛ࠾༻͢Δͷ͔
▸ ࠶ར༻ੑ
▸ Ϟδϡʔϧੑ
▸ ղੳੑ
▸ मਖ਼ੑ
▸ ࢼݧੑ
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ͳͥΞʔΩςΫνϟΛ࠾༻͢Δͷ͔
อकੑΛߴΊΔ
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ͳͥΞʔΩςΫνϟΛ࠾༻͢Δͷ͔
ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷΞδϦςΟΛߴΊΔ
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ͳͥΞʔΩςΫνϟΛ࠾༻͢Δͷ͔
Ϣʔβ
ΑΓߴ࣭ͳαʔϏεΛ
ਝʹఏڙ͢ΔͨΊ
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minne ʹ͓͚Δ
ΞʔΩςΫνϟͷྺ࢙
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ΞʔΩςΫνϟͷྺ࢙
ࠞಱͷ࣌
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ࠞಱͷ࣌
private typealias HogeTaskListener = () -> Hoge
class HogeActivity: AppCompatActivity() {
inner class HogeTask: AsyncTask() {
private var listener: HogeTaskListener? = null
private fun setListener(l: HogeTaskListener) {
listener = l
}
override fun doInBackground() {
Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl("https://hoge.com/")
.build()
.create(HogeService::class.java)
.fetch()
.subscribe(
onSuccess = { listener?.invoke(it) }
)
}
}
private var task: HogeTask? = null
override fun onCreate() {
button.setOnClickListener {
task = HogeTask().also {
it.setListener { hoge ->
binding.textView.text = hoge.fuga
}
it.execute()
}
}
}
}
‣ ΠϕϯτΛॲཧ
‣ AsyncTask ͰඇಉظॲཧΛ࣮ߦ
‣ σʔλͷऔಘɾ௨৴
‣ σʔλΛϨΠΞτ
‣ etc …
Activity Ͱશ෦Δ
อकੑͳʹ͋ͬͨͷͰ…
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ΞʔΩςΫνϟͷྺ࢙
MVC
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MVC
Model ϏδωεϩδοΫ
View UI ϩδοΫ
Controller
ϓϨθϯςʔγϣϯ
ϩδοΫ
※ҹσʔλϑϩʔ
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MVC
class HogeModel {
private val client = Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl("https://hoge.com/")
.build()
.create(HogeService::class.java)
suspend fun fetch(): Hoge {
return client.fetch()
}
suspend fun post(hoge: Hoge) {
client.post(hoge)
}
}
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MVC
class HogeView: View() {
private val model = HogeModel()
override fun onAttachedToWindow() {
update()
}
fun setHoge(hoge: Hoge) {
textView.text = hoge.fuga
}
fun update() {
findViewTreeLifecycleOwner()?.lifecycleScope
?.launchWhenStarted {
val hoge = model.fetch()
setHoge(hoge)
}
}
}
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MVC
class HogeActivity: AppCompatActivity() {
private val model: HogeModel = HogeModel()
override fun onCreate() {
binding.hogeView.setOnClickListener {
lidecycleScope.launchWhenStarted {
model.post(Hoge())
binding.hogeView.update()
}
}
}
}
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MVC
▸ ͕͔ΕΔ͜ͱͰͲ͜ͰԿΛ͍ͯ͠Δ͔͔Γ͘͢ͳͬͨ
▸ Model ͕࠶ར༻Ͱ͖ΔࣄʹΑΔ࣮εϐʔυͷ্
▸ Git ΛͬͯΔͱෳਓͰಉ࣌࡞ۀ͕Γ͘͢ͳΔ
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MVC
Activity は Controller ? View ?
🤔
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MVC
View + Controller = Activity ?
🤔
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MVC
🤔
Controller の概念が曖昧
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MVC
😇
FatActivity になる
実際にビルドして確認するまでロジックが正しいか
わからない
ʹ
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MVC
😇
規模が大きい Android アプリに向いていないのでは
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ΞʔΩςΫνϟͷྺ࢙
MVP
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MVP
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MVP
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MVP
interface HogeContract {
interface View {
fun show(hoge: Hoge)
}
interface Presenter {
suspend fun fetch()
suspend fun post(hoge: Hoge)
}
}
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MVP
class HogeActivity: AppCompatActivity(), HogeContract.View {
private val presenter: HogeContract.Presneter by lazy {
HogePresenter(this, HogeModel())
}
override fun onCreate() {
lifecycleScope.launchWhenStarted {
presenter.fetch()
}
binding.hogeView.setOnClickListener { hoge ->
lifecycleScope.launchWhenStarted {
presenter.post(hoge)
}
}
}
override fun show(hoge: Hoge) {
binding.hogeView.setHoge(hoge)
}
}
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MVP
class HogePresenter(
private val view: HogeContract.View,
private val model: HogeModel
): HogeContract.Presenter {
override suspend fun fetch() {
val hoge = model.fetch()
withContext(Dispatcher.Main) {
view.show(hoge)
}
}
override suspend fun post(hoge: Hoge) {
model.post(hoge)
}
}
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MVP
MVC ͱൺͯ
▸ σʔλͷྲྀΕ͕୯Ұํʹͳͬͨ
▸ ϓϨθϯςʔγϣϯϩδοΫΛ Activity ͔ΒΓग़͍͢͠
▸ ςετ͕ॻ͖͍͢
▸ ԽʹΑΓظతͳ࣮ͷεϐʔυ͕མͪΔ
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ΞʔΩςΫνϟͷྺ࢙
MVVM
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MVVM
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MVVM
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MVVM
class HogeActivity: AppCompatActivity() {
private val viewModel: HogeViewModel by viewModels()
override fun onCreate() {
viewModel.hoge.observe(this) { hoge ->
binding.hogeView.setHoge(hoge)
}
binding.hogeView.setOnClickListener { hoge ->
viewModel.post(hoge)
}
}
}
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MVVM
class HogeViewModel(
private val model: HogeModel
): ViewModel() {
private val _hoge: MutableLiveData =
MutableLiveData()
val hoge: LiveData = _hoge
fun fetch() {
viewModelScope.launch {
_hoge.value = model.fetch()
}
}
fun post(hoge: Hoge) {
viewModelScope.launch {
model.post(hoge)
}
}
}
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MVVM
MVP ͱൺͯ
▸ ViewModel ͔ΒͷΦϒβʔόʔύλʔϯʹͳͬͨ
▸ ެࣜ (Google) ͕ MVVM Λҙࣝͨ͠ϥΠϒϥϦΛఏڙͯ͘͠Ε͍ͯΔ
▸ ViewModelɺLiveDataɺDataBindingɺetc …
▸ ࣮ɾֶशίετͷ૿Ճ
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Ͳ͏બఆ͢Δͷʁ
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Ͳ͏બఆ͢Δͷʁ
MVC
▸ খنΞϓϦظ։ൃ
MVP
▸ ࣗ༝ʹϥΠϒϥϦ͕બɾಋೖͰ͖ͳ͍
▸ MVVM ʹൺͯɺ࣮εϐʔυΛॏࢹ͢Δ߹
MVVM
▸ தʙେنͳΞϓϦͰ Google ͷαϙʔτ͕ड͚ΒΕΔ
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minne Ͱ
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minne Ͱ
▸ தنͱେنͷதؒ͘Β͍
▸ νʔϜϝϯόʔগਫ਼Ӷ🤔
▸ εΫϥϜ։ൃ ( 1εϓϦϯτ = 1िؒ )
▸ ͍εύϯͰਝͳίϯςϯπσϦόϦʔ͕ٻΊΒΕΔ
▸ ͋Δఔࣗ༝ʹϥΠϒϥϦΛಋೖͰ͖Δ
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minne Ͱ
▸ View ͷΞΫγϣϯΛϋϯυϦϯά/εςʔτΛཧ͢Δ ViewModel
▸ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯݻ༗ͷϏδωεϩδοΫΛ୲͢Δ UseCase
▸ σʔλΞΫηεΛ୲͏ Repository
MVVM + UseCase + Repository
3 Layered Architecture
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Repository
= ґଘઌ
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Repository
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Repository
Repository って何？
🤔
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Repository
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Repository
なぜ Repository がいるの？
🤔
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Repository ύλʔϯΛ࠾༻͢Δత
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Repository ύλʔϯΛ࠾༻͢Δత
▸ σʔλΞΫηεΛ࠶ར༻͢Δ
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Repository ύλʔϯΛ࠾༻͢Δత
▸ σʔλͷऔಘઌΛӅṭ͠ɺ֎ͷϨΠϠʔʹҙࣝͤ͞ͳ͍
▸ σʔλΞΫηεΛ࠶ར༻͢Δ
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Repository ύλʔϯΛ࠾༻͢Δత
▸ σʔλͷऔಘઌΛӅṭ͠ɺ֎ͷϨΠϠʔʹҙࣝͤ͞ͳ͍
▸ σʔλΞΫηεͷΫϥΠΞϯτϥΠϒϥϦͷґଘؔΛղܾ
▸ σʔλΞΫηεΛ࠶ར༻͢Δ
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Repository
class HogeRepository {
suspend fun fetch(): MyResult = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
try {
val res = Retrofit.Builder().build().create(HogeService::class.java).fetch()
when (val body = res.takeIf { it.isSuccessful }?.body()) {
null -> MyResult.failure(NetworkError(res.message()))
else -> MyResult.success(body)
}
} catch (e: Exception) {
MyResult.failure(e)
}
}
}
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UseCase
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UseCase
UseCase って何？
🤔
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UseCase
https://blog.cleancoder.com/uncle-bob/2012/08/13/the-clean-architecture.html
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UseCase
https://github.com/android10/Android-CleanArchitecture
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UseCase
https://github.com/android10/Android-CleanArchitecture
1
2
3
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UseCase
なぜ UseCase がいるの？
🤔
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UseCase
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UseCase
Repository σʔλΞΫηε
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UseCase
݁ՌͦΕҎ֎ͷϏδωεϩδοΫ͕ ViewModel ʹೖΓࠐΉ
Repository σʔλΞΫηε
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UseCase
݁ՌͦΕҎ֎ͷϏδωεϩδοΫ͕ ViewModel ʹೖΓࠐΉ
FatViewModel ͷੜ
Repository σʔλΞΫηε
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UseCase
݁ՌͦΕҎ֎ͷϏδωεϩδοΫ͕ ViewModel ʹೖΓࠐΉ
FatViewModel ͷੜ
Repository σʔλΞΫηε
UseCase
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UseCase
class HogeAndFugaUseCase(
private val hogeRepository: HogeRepository,
private val fugaRepository: FugaRepository
) {
suspend fun fetch(): MyResult {
val result = HogeAndFuga(
hoge = hogeRepository.fetch().await(),
fuga = fugaRepository.fetch().await()
)
return MyResult.success(result)
}
}
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࠾༻ͯ͠ΈͯಘΒΕͨϝϦοτ
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࠾༻ͯ͠ΈͯಘΒΕͨϝϦοτ
▸ σʔλΞΫηε͕࠶ར༻Ͱ͖ͨΓมߋʹڧ͘ͳͬͨ
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Repository
class HogeRepository {
suspend fun fetch(): MyResult = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
try {
val res = Retrofit.Builder().build().create(HogeService::class.java).fetch()
when (val body = res.takeIf { it.isSuccessful }?.body()) {
null -> MyResult.failure(NetworkError(res.message()))
else -> MyResult.success(body)
}
} catch (e: Exception) {
MyResult.failure(e)
}
}
}
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Repository
class HogeRepository {
suspend fun fetch(): MyResult = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
try {
val res = ApolloClient.builder().build().query(HogeQuery.builder().build())
when (val data = res.takeUnless { it.hasErrors() }?.data()) {
null -> MyResult.failure(NetworkError(res.errors().first().message()))
else -> MyResult.success(data)
}
} catch (e: Exception) {
MyResult.failure(e)
}
}
}
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࠾༻ͯ͠ΈͯಘΒΕͨϝϦοτ
▸ σʔλΞΫηε͕࠶ར༻Ͱ͖ͨΓมߋʹڧ͘ͳͬͨ
▸ ΑΓࡉཻ͔͍ͰϞδϡʔϧ͕࡞Εͨ
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࠾༻ͯ͠ΈͯಘΒΕͨϝϦοτ
▸ σʔλΞΫηε͕࠶ར༻Ͱ͖ͨΓมߋʹڧ͘ͳͬͨ
▸ ΑΓࡉཻ͔͍ͰϞδϡʔϧ͕࡞Εͨ
▸ ViewModel ͷݟ௨͕͠ྑ͘ͳͬͨ
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࠾༻ͯ͠ΈͯಘΒΕͨϝϦοτ
▸ σʔλΞΫηε͕࠶ར༻Ͱ͖ͨΓมߋʹڧ͘ͳͬͨ
▸ ΑΓࡉཻ͔͍ͰϞδϡʔϧ͕࡞Εͨ
▸ ViewModel ͷݟ௨͕͠ྑ͘ͳͬͨ
▸ ػೳՃɾमਖ਼ͷ ݟੵΓ/࣮ ͕͘͢͠ͳͬͨ
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࠾༻ͯ͠ΈͯಘΒΕͨϝϦοτ
▸ σʔλΞΫηε͕࠶ར༻Ͱ͖ͨΓมߋʹڧ͘ͳͬͨ
▸ ΑΓࡉཻ͔͍ͰϞδϡʔϧ͕࡞Εͨ
▸ ViewModel ͷݟ௨͕͠ྑ͘ͳͬͨ
▸ ػೳՃɾमਖ਼ͷ ݟੵΓ/࣮ ͕͘͢͠ͳͬͨ
▸ ߋʹࡉ͔͘ςετΛॻ͘ࣄͰ࣭ͷ୲อʹܨ͕͍ͬͯΔ
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࠾༻ͯ͠ΈͯಘΒΕͨϝϦοτ
▸ ࠶ར༻ੑ
▸ Ϟδϡʔϧੑ
▸ ղੳੑ
▸ मਖ਼ੑ
▸ ࢼݧੑ
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࠾༻ͯ͠ΈͯಘΒΕͨϝϦοτ
ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷΞδϦςΟ͕ߴ·ͬͨ
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࠾༻ͯ͠ΈͯಘΒΕͨϝϦοτ
ΞʔΩςΫςΟϯάʹΰʔϧ͋Γ·ͤΜ
‣ ΞʔΩςΫνϟύλʔϯ࠷ݶͷอकੑ୲อͯ͘͠ΕΔ
‣ ͕ɺΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʹͱͬͯඞཁेͰͳ͍ࣄ͕ଟ͍
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࠾༻ͯ͠ΈͯಘΒΕͨϝϦοτ
ܧଓతʹϦΞʔΩςΫςΟϯάͯ͠
ঢ՚͍͖ͯ͠·͠ΐ͏ʂ
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LET’S ENJOY ANDROID !