͘͞ΒΠϯλʔωοτ גࣜձࣾ (C) Copyright 1996-2019 SAKURA Internet Inc ͘͞ΒΠϯλʔωοτ ݚڀॴ ௒ݸମܕσʔληϯλʔΛ໨ࢦͨ͠ ෼ࢄڠௐΫΤϦΩϟογϯάͷߏ૝ 2019/05/24 ݚڀһ ௶಺ ༎थ ௶಺༎थ, দຊ྄հ ୈ45ճΠϯλʔωοτͱӡ༻ٕज़ݚڀձ(IOT45)

2 1. എܠͱ໨త 2. ෼ࢄσʔληϯλʔʹ͓͚Δσʔλͷ഑ஔͷ՝୊ 3. QuorumCacheΞʔΩςΫνϟ 4. ·ͱΊ ໨࣍

1. എܠͱ໨త

4 ɾWebαʔϏεͷԠ౴଎౓͕஗͍ͱར༻ऀ͔Βར༻͞Εͳ͘ͳΔͱ͍ ͏ใࠂ[1]͕͋ΓɼWebαʔϏεͷԠ౴ੑೳͷ޲্͕ॏཁͰ͋Δ ɾWebαʔϏεͷԠ౴஗ԆΛ࣍ͷΑ͏ʹ෼ղͰ͖Δ ɾ(1) ར༻ऀͷ୺຤্Ͱͷॲཧ ɾ(2) ୺຤͔Βσʔληϯλʔ಺αʔό·ͰͷωοτϫʔΫసૹ ɾ(3) σʔληϯλʔ಺Ͱͷॲཧ ɾ(2)͕ࢧ഑తͰ͋Δͱ͍͏ݚڀ[2]͕͋Δ(100msͷ͏ͪ80msΛ઎ΊΔ) Ԡ౴ੑೳʹ઎ΊΔωοτϫʔΫసૹ஗Ԇͷ໰୊ [1] Forrester Consulting: eCommerce Web Site Performance Today: An Updated Look At Consumer Reaction To A Poor Online Shopping Experience 2009. [2] S Choy, B Wong, G Simon and C Rosenberg: The Brewing Storm in Cloud Gaming: A Measurement Study on Cloud to End-User Latency, 11th Annual Workshop on Network and Systems Support for Games, p. 2 2012.

5 ௒ݸମܕσʔληϯλʔ ɾதԝूݖͷΫϥ΢υίϯϐϡʔςΟϯάͷΈͰ͸ղܾͰ͖ͳ͍໰୊ ɾར༻ऀͱσʔληϯλʔؒͷωοτϫʔΫ஗Ԇ ɾதԝͷσʔληϯλʔͷ্ΓͱԼΓͷωοτϫʔΫτϥώοΫྔ ɾখɾதن໛ͷσʔληϯλʔ΍খܕͷϥοΫ܈Λ஍ཧతʹ෼ࢄͤ͞Δ ɾ෼ࢄ֤ͨ͠σʔληϯλʔ͸ಠཱͯ͠ػೳ͠ͳ͕Β΋ɼ૯ମͱͯ͠͸ ౷཰͞Ε͍ͯΔΑ͏ʹݟ͑Δ௒ݸମతͳσʔληϯλʔ[12]Λ໨ࢦ͢ ɾ֤σʔληϯλʔͷ৔ॴ΍ن໛Λҙࣝͤͣʹɼಁաత͔ͭߴ଎ʹσʔ λΛಡΈॻ͖Ͱ͖Δඞཁ͕͋Δ [12] দຊ྄հ, ௶಺༎थ, ٶԼ߶ี: ෼ࢄܕσʔληϯλʔOSΛ໨ࢦͨ͠ϦΞΫςΟϒੑΛ࣋ͭίϯςφ࣮ߦج൫ٕज़ɼ৘ใॲཧֶձݚڀใࠂΠϯλʔωο τͱӡ༻ٕज़(IOT) ɼVol. 2019-IOT-44, No. 27, pp. 1–8 2019.

6 ɾཁ݅1: ෼ࢄͨ͠σʔληϯλʔ΁ಁաతʹΞΫηεՄೳ ɾ1.1: ΞΫηεͨ͠σʔληϯλʔʹΑΒͣσʔλΛߴ଎ࢀরՄೳ ɾશͯͷ෼ࢄσʔληϯλʔʹΩϟογϡͷෳ੡Λ഑ஔ ɾ1.2: σʔληϯλʔؒͰҰ؏ͨ͠σʔλΛࢀরՄೳ ɾॻ͖ࠐΈʹରͯ͠ߋ৽಺༰Λ֤Ωϟογϡͷෳ੡ʹ఻ൖ ɾཁ݅2: طଘͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛมߋͤͣʹར༻Մೳ ɾڧ͍Ұ؏ੑͷͨΊʹॻ͖ࠐΈʹରͯ͠ಉظతʹΩϟογϡΛߋ৽ ɾΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͱσʔλϕʔεͷؒͰΫΤϦͷ݁ՌΛΩϟογϡ ௒ݸମܕσʔληϯλʔDBͷཁ݅ είʔϓ: ಈతίϯςϯπͷ഑৴ͷߴ଎ԽͷͨΊʹಡΈࠐΈੑೳΛ޲্

7 ෼ࢄσʔληϯλʔ্Ͱͷෳ੡ͷ՝୊ ɾಉظߋ৽࣌ʹωοτϫʔΫ஗Ԇͷେ͖͍σʔληϯλʔʹ཯଎͞Εͯ Ԡ౴ੑೳ͕௿Լ͢Δ͜ͱ Replica Origin (1) ॻ͖ࠐΈཁٻ Replica Replica (2) ಉظߋ৽ ཯଎ ຊൃදͰ͸ɼ͜ͷ՝୊Λղܾ͢Δ ΞʔΩςΫνϟΛఏҊ͢Δ Edge Datacenter Central Datacenter

8 ݚڀͷ໨త 1. ಉظߋ৽ͷൣғΛωοτϫʔΫ஗ԆʹԠͯ͡ௐઅՄೳ 2. ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷಡΈॻ͖ճ਺ͷൺ཰ʹԠͯ͡ಉظߋ৽ͷൣғΛద ԠతʹܾఆՄೳ ωοτϫʔΫ஗ԆͱΞΫηε܏޲ͷมಈʹԠͯ͡ Ԡ౴ੑೳΛదԠతʹ࠷େԽ͢Δج൫ͷఏҊ ಉظߋ৽࣌ʹωοτϫʔΫ஗Ԇͷେ͖͍σʔληϯλʔʹ཯଎͞ΕΔ ՝୊Λղܾ

9 ɾΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ୯ҐͰదԠతʹੑೳௐ੔͕ՄೳͳͨΊɼେྔͷΞ ϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ๊͑ΔΫϥ΢υɾϗεςΟϯάࣄۀʹద༻Մೳ ɾෳ਺ϦʔδϣϯʹWebαʔϏεΛల։͢Δ৔߹ʹɼϦʔδϣϯ಺Ͱ ࢀরॲཧΛ׬݁Մೳ ɾωοτϫʔΫ஗ԆͷมԽͷݕ஌͢ΔͨΊɼಛఆͷσʔληϯλʔͷ ނো࣌ʹɼࣗಈͰαʔϏεΞ΢τՄೳ ɾ֤෼ࢄσʔληϯλʔ্Ͱࢀরॲཧ͢ΔͨΊɼෛՙ෼ࢄ͕Մೳ ఏҊ͢Δج൫͕΋ͨΒ͢ޮ༻

2. ෼ࢄσʔληϯλʔʹ͓͚Δ σʔλͷ഑ஔͷ՝୊

11 ෼ࢄσʔληϯλʔ΁ͷσʔλ഑ஔͷ՝୊ Replica Origin (1) ॻ͖ࠐΈཁٻ Replica Replica (2) ಉظߋ৽ (a) ֤σʔληϯλʔͰಉҰσʔλΛ ෳ੡഑ஔ ← ಡΈࠐΈओମͳΒͪ͜Β (b) ಛఆͷσʔληϯλʔ্ʹͷΈ σʔλΛ഑ஔ Origin Shard ॻ͖ࠐΈ࣌ʹωοτϫʔΫ ஗Ԇͷେ͖͍σʔληϯ λʔʹ཯଎͞ΕΔ ಡΈࠐΈ࣌ʹωοτϫʔΫ ஗Ԇͷେ͖͍σʔληϯ λʔʹ཯଎͞ΕΔ (1) ಡΈࠐΈཁٻ Shard Shard (2) σʔλసૹ ཁٻ͢Δσʔλ͕ଘࡏ ཯଎ ཯଎

12 ෼ࢄΫΤϦΩϟογϡͷઌߦख๏ ɾFerdinand[12]͸෼ࢄϋογϡςʔϒϧ ʹΑΓෳ਺ͷϊʔυؒͰΫΤϦϦβϧτ ΩϟογϡΛڞ༗͢Δ ɾϊʔυؒͷϨΠςϯγ͕େ͖͘ͳΔͱε ϧʔϓοτ͕௿Լ͢Δ࣮ݧใࠂ͕͋Δ ɾಛఆͷϊʔυʹΩϟογϡΛ഑ஔ͢Δͨ Ίʹύλʔϯ(b)ͱ͍͑Δ [12] C Garrod, A Manjhi, A Ailamaki, B Maggs, T Mowry, O Christopher and T Anthony: Scalable Query Result Caching for Web Applications, VLDB Endowment, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 550–561 2008. จݙ[12] Figure 5ΑΓҾ༻

3. QuorumCacheΞʔΩςΫνϟ

14 มԽʹԠͯ͡ੑೳΛ࠷େԽ͢Δج൫ 1. ಉظߋ৽ͷൣғΛωοτϫʔΫ஗ԆʹԠͯ͡ௐઅՄೳ ɾதԝσʔληϯλʔͱ෼ࢄσʔληϯλʔؒͷ஗Ԇ࣌ؒΛڑ཭ʹݟ ཱͯɼಉظߋ৽ͷൣғΛʮۙ๣ωοτϫʔΫڑ཭ʯม਺Ͱදݱ ɾม਺ͷ஋Λௐઅ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɼԠ౴ੑೳΛ࠷େԽ͢Δ 2. ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷಡΈॻ͖ൺ཰ʹԠͯ͡ಉظߋ৽ͷൣғΛదԠతʹ ܾఆՄೳ ɾۙ๣ωοτϫʔΫڑ཭ͷ࠷ద஋͸ɼಡΈࠐΈճ਺͕ॻ͖ࠐΈճ਺ʹ ൺ΂ͯͲͷఔ౓ࢧ഑త͔Ͱܾ·Δ

15 ɾ෼ࢄσʔληϯλʔؒͷσʔλ഑ஔʹ͓͚ΔಡΈॻ͖ͷτϨʔυΦ ϑΛղܾ͢Δʹ͸ɼ(a)ͱ(b)ͷؒΛͱΕ͹Α͍ ɾதԝσʔληϯλʔ্ͷσʔλϕʔεʹॻ͖ࠐΜͩޙʹɼۙ๣ωο τϫʔΫڑ཭಺ͷσʔληϯλʔʹಉظతʹΩϟογϡߋ৽ ɾಡΈग़͠ཁٻΛड͚ͨσʔληϯλʔ͸ɼۙ๣ωοτϫʔΫڑ཭ ಺ͷσʔληϯλʔ܈͔ΒΩϟογϡΛಡΈग़͠ ɾۙ๣ωοτϫʔΫڑ཭Λௐઅ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɼಡΈग़࣌ؒ͠Λ૿Ճ ͤͯ͞ॻ͖ࠐΈ࣌ͷಉظ଴ͪ࣌ؒΛ௿ݮͰ͖Δ ಉظߋ৽ͷൣғͷม਺Խ

16 QuorumCacheͷಈ࡞ϑϩʔ Central Datacenter Origin Replica Replica Replica Replica d: ۙ๣ωοτϫʔΫڑ཭ Edge Datacenter Replica Replica d (1) ॻ͖ࠐΈཁٻ (2) ॻ͖ࠐΈཁٻ సૹ (3) ಉظߋ৽ (i) ಡΈࠐΈཁٻ (ii) dҎ಺ͷσʔλ ηϯλʔ͔Β ಡΈࠐΈ Replica (4) ඇಉظߋ৽

17 ɾΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͝ͱʹಡΈॻ͖ൺ཰͕ҟͳΔͨΊɼ࠷దͳωοτ ϫʔΫڑ཭d͸ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͝ͱʹҟͳΔ ɾॻ͖ࠐΈ͕΄ͱΜͲͳ͍ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͰ͋Ε͹ɼಉظ଴ͪ࣌ ͕ؒ௕ͯ͘΋Α͍ͨΊɼωοτϫʔΫڑ཭d͸େ͖ͯ͘Α͍ ɾಉҰΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͰ͋ͬͯ΋ɼػೳ௥Ճ΍࣌ؒଳʹΑΓಡΈ ॻ͖ൺ཰͸ҟͳΔ ɾΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ୯ҐͰԠ౴ੑೳΛ؂ࢹ͠ͳ͕ΒɼԠ౴ੑೳ͕࠷େ ͱͳΔΑ͏ʹۙ๣ωοτϫʔΫڑ཭dΛ૿ݮͤ͞Δ ۙ๣ωοτϫʔΫڑ཭ͷదԠతܾఆ

18 ɾωοτϫʔΫڑ཭ ɾ࣮ࡍʹσʔληϯλʔؒͷ௨৴Ͱར༻͞ΕΔL7ϓϩτίϧʹΑΓ ܭଌ ɾதԝσʔληϯλʔ͕ఆظతʹܭଌ༻ͷཁٻΛ֤σʔληϯλʔ ʹ޲͚ͯૹ৴͠ɼͦΕͧΕͷԠ౴࣌ؒΛอଘ͢Δ ɾಡΈॻ͖ൺ཰ ɾHTTPཁٻͷGET/POSTͷൺ཰ʹΑΓܭଌ ɾσʔλϕʔε΁ͷࢀরܥ/ߋ৽ܥΫΤϦͷൺ཰ʹΑΓܭଌ ɾԠ౴ੑೳ ɾར༻ऀ͔ΒͷཁٻΛड͚෇͚ΔHTTPϓϩΩγ͕ܭଌ ֤छύϥϝʔλͷܭଌํ๏

19 ɾ೚ҙͷσʔληϯλʔ͕ۙ๣ωοτϫʔΫڑ཭dҎ಺ʹ͋Δ͜ͱΛ ͲͷΑ͏ʹ൑அ͢Δͷ͔ ɾதԝσʔληϯλʔ͕ۙ๣ωοτϫʔΫڑ཭dͱ֤σʔληϯλʔ ͷωοτϫʔΫڑ཭Λશͯͷσʔληϯλʔʹఆظతʹૹ৴͢Δ ɾ֤σʔληϯλʔ͸ड৴ͨࣗ͠਎ͷωοτϫʔΫڑ཭ͱdΛൺֱ͠ ࣗ਎ͷঢ়ଶΛ஌Δ ɾۙ๣ωοτϫʔΫڑ཭dͷมԽྔΛͲͷΑ͏ʹܾఆ͢Δ͔ ɾಡΈॻ͖ൺ཰ͱԠ౴ੑೳͱ͋ΘͤͯͲͷΑ͏ͳؔ਺ͱͯ͠ϞσϧԽ ͢Δ͔Λݕ౼த ֤ύϥϝʔλ͔ΒΞΫγϣϯΛ൑அ͢Δํ๏

20 γεςϜߏ੒ HTTP Proxy Central Datacenter Web App DB Proxy Database HTTP Request Caching ಡΈॻ͖ൺ཰ͷ ܭଌ(HTTP) ಡΈॻ͖ൺ཰ͷ ܭଌ(DBΫΤϦ) Ԡ౴ੑೳͷܭଌ Query Pinger Ping ωοτϫʔΫڑ཭ ͷܭଌ DB Proxy Web App HTTP Proxy ɾ੍ޚϙΠϯτͱͯ͠HTTPͱDBͷ૚ʹϓϩΩγΛ഑ஔ Forward Edge Datacenter

5. ·ͱΊ

22 ɾ௒ݸମܕσʔληϯλʔDBͷͨΊͷΫΤϦϦβϧτΩϟογϯάج ൫Λߏ૝ͨ͠ ɾΩϟογϡͷಉظର৅ͷൣғΛωοτϫʔΫ஗ԆʹΑΓม਺Խ ɾωοτϫʔΫ஗ԆͱΞΫηε܏޲ͷมಈʹԠͯ͡ɼԠ౴ੑೳΛద Ԡతʹ࠷େԽ ɾࠓޙ͸ɼαʔϕΠͱఏҊख๏ͷ࣮૷ͱධՁΛਐΊ͍ͯ͘ ɾL3ϧʔςΟϯάɼP2Pɼ෼ࢄDBͳͲͷؔ࿈ݚڀΛαʔϕΠ ɾ֤छܭଌͱܭଌ݁ՌΛ΋ͱʹͲͷΑ͏ʹ൑அ͢Δ͔ͷख๏Λݕ౼ ·ͱΊͱࠓޙͷ՝୊

23 ɾωοτϫʔΫ஗ԆͷଌఆʹɼL3Ͱݚڀ͞Ε͍ͯΔ಺༰ΛԠ༻Ͱ͖ͳ ͍͔ ɾར༻ऀۙ๣σʔληϯλʔ͔Βཁٻ͞ΕͨΩϟογϡ·Ͱͷ࠷దͳ ܦ࿏ΛٻΊΔख๏ͱͯ͠ɼL3ͷܦ࿏બ୒ɾܦ࿏੍ޚͷख๏͕Ԡ༻Ͱ ͖ͳ͍͔ ɾ؀ڥͷมԽʹ͋ΘͤͯదԠతʹ࠷ద஋ΛٻΊΔ৔߹ͷయܕతͳམͱ ͕݀͠ͳ͍͔ σΟεΧογϣϯ಺༰