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ࠓͦ͜ཧղ͢Δ
%*ʢ%FQFOEFODZ*OKFDUJPOʣ
ʮ1)1FS,BJHJʯ
IUUQTGPSUFFKQQIQFSLBJHJ
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ܰࣗ͘ݾհ
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ࣗݾհ
• ࢁాɹʢ·ͩɹ͠ΐ͏ʣ
• Twitter: @rukiadia
• ίωώτגࣜձࣾͰόοΫΤϯυΤϯδχΞΛ͍ͯ͠·͢
• Railsͷੈք͔ΒPHPͷੈքʹ͖ͬͯ·ͨ͠ɻ
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ຊͷൃදͰࢦ͢ΰʔϧ
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ຊͷΰʔϧ
%*ʹೖͰ͖ͨঢ়ଶ
ʢଏʹݴ͏ɺશʹཧղͨ͠ঢ়ଶʣ
Λࢦ͍͖ͯ͠·͢ɻ
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͓͢Δ͜ͱ
w %*ͷ֓
w %*ʹର͢Δޡղ
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ͦΕͰɺຊฤελʔτͰ͢ɻ
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%*ͷ֓
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DIͷ֓
ͦͦ%*ͱԿͳͷ͔ʁ
ղઆΛ͍͔ͭ͘ಡΜͰΈͯ
ϐϯͱ͜ͳ͍͠ɺ݁ہΑ͔͘Βͳ͍ɻ
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DIͷ֓
%*ͱํ๏Ͱ͢
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“Dependency Injection Principles, Practices, and Patterns”
Part 1 Putting Dependency Injection on the map
“Dependency Injection is a set of software design
principles and patterns that enables you to
develop loosely coupled code.”
11
DIͷ֓
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%*ͱʁ
w อकੑͷߴ͍ίʔυΛॻ͘͜ͱΛతͱͨ͠ɺιϑτΣΞઃܭݪଇ
ͱύλʔϯͷηοτɻ
w ιϑτΣΞઃܭݪଇͷͭͱͯ͠ɺΏΔ͔ͳ݁߹ʢૄ݁߹ʣΛ࡞
ΔΞϓϩʔν͕͋Δɻ
w %*ʮૄ݁߹ͷ࣮ݱΛతͱͨ͠σβΠϯύλʔϯʯͱ͍͏ͷ͕ద
ͳදݱͱݴ͑Δɻ
w ʮ%*ύλʔϯʯͱݺশ͍ͯ͠Δਓ͍Δɻ
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%*͕ੜ·Εͨʢఆٛ͞ΕͨʣܦҢʹ
৮Ε͓͖ͯ·͢ɻ
DIͷ֓
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%*͕ఆٛ͞ΕΔʹࢸͬͨܦҢ
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%*ͷىݯΛḷΔ
w ىݯ+BWBͷίϛϡχςΟ
w ʙࠒʹ.BSUJO'PXMFS͕ఆٛͨ͠ݴ༿
w ˞ࢀߟจݙεϥΠυͷඌʹࡌͤ·͢ɻ
w ʮ*OWFSTJPOPG$POUSPMʢ*P$ʣʯͱ͍͏֓೦͕࣌ଘࡏ͓ͯ͠Γɺ
ͦͷ֓೦Λ۩ମԽ͢Δݴ༿ͱͯ͠ɺʮ%FQFOEFODZ*OKFDUJPOʯ͕ఆ
ٛ͞Εͨɻ
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*P$ʢ੍ޚͷٯసʣͱԿͳͷ͔ʁ
DIͷىݯ
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*P$ʢ੍ޚͷٯసʣͦͷ
w ϓϩάϥϜʹ͓͍ͯɺʮݺͼग़͢ଆʯͱʮݺͼग़͞ΕΔଆʯ͕ैདྷͷ
ϓϩάϥϜͱٯʹͳΔݱΛࢦ͢ɻ
w δϣʔΫͱͯ͠ͷҙຯ߹͍ͰʮϋϦουͷݪཧʯͱݺΕΔ͜ͱ
͋Δɻ
w ʮզʑΛݺͿͳɻզʑ͕ݺͿɻʯ
w ͚ͩͨ͘ݴ͍ํΛ͢ΔͱɺʮඞཁʹͳͬͨΒɺͪ͜Β͔Βݺͼ·
͢ɻʯͱ͍͏ҙຯ߹͍ʹͳΔɻ
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*P$ʢ੍ޚͷٯసʣͦͷ
w ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛͬͨΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃʹͯ·ΔಛੑͰ
͋Δɻ
w ։ൃऀ͕ఆٛͨ͠ϝιου͕ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯίʔυ͔Βݺ
ΕΔ͜ͱ΄΅ແ͍ɻݺΕΔλΠϛϯάϑϨʔϜϫʔΫଆʹҕ
ͶΒΕ͍ͯΔɻ
w ʮඞཁʹͳͬͨΒɺͪ͜Β͔Βݺͼ·͢ɻʯͱ͍͏੍ޚ
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จষͩͱΘΓʹ͍͘ͷͰ
ίʔυྫΛݟͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ɻ
IoCʢ੍ޚͷٯసʣ
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ྫɿ$BLF1)1ͷϢχοτςετ
class ArticlesTableTest extends TestCas
e
{
public $fixtures = ['app.Articles']
;
public function setUp(
)
{
parent::setUp()
;
$this->Articles = TableRegistry::getTableLocator()->get('Articles')
;
}
public function tearDown(
)
{
TableRegistry::clear()
;
}
}
هࣄͷݕࡧফڈΛߦ͏
.PEFMςετͷԼ
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ྫɿ$BLF1)1ͷϢχοτςετʢ੍ޚͷٯసʣ
class ArticlesTableTest extends TestCas
e
{
public $fixtures = ['app.Articles']
;
public function setUp()
{
parent::setUp()
;
$this->Articles = TableRegistry::getTableLocator()->get('Articles')
;
}
public function tearDown(
)
{
TableRegistry::clear()
;
}
}
४උɺޙ࢝ɺςετ࣮ߦͷλΠϛϯάΛ
ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ͕Ѳ͍ͬͯΔ
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Ұ୴ɺ%*ͷʹΓ·͢ɻ
IoCʢ੍ޚͷٯసʣ
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*P$ͱ%*ͷؔ
w *P$ʮ੍ޚͷٯసʯ
w %*ݴ͍͑Εʮґଘؔʹର͢Δ੍ޚͷٯసʯͱදݱͰ͖Δɻ
w %*Λʮ੍ޚͷٯసʯͱݴ͍ͬͯӕʹͳΒͳ͍͕ɺ%**P$ͱ͢
Δʹ*P$ͱ͍͏දݱ͕แׅత͗͢Δɻ
w ʮґଘؔʹର͢Δ੍ޚͷٯసʯΛͭͷύλʔϯͱͯ͠ଊ͑Δͨ
Ίɺ%FQFOEFODZ*OKFDUJPOͱ͍͏໋໊͕ੜ·Εͨɻ
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Inversion of Control
Dependency Injection
DIͷ֓
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ϦΞϦςΟͷ͋ΔίʔυΛ·͑ͯ͡
આ໌Λଓ͚·͢ɻ
DIͷ֓
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ྫɿ&NBJMΛૹ৴͢ΔΫϥε
class EmailSender
{
private $mailClient
;
public function init(
)
{
// ʮAmazon Simple Email ServiceʯΛ༻ͯ͠ϝʔϧΛѻ͏Ϋϥε
$this->mailClient = new AwsSes(
)
}
public function sendRegisterMail($address, $text
)
{
$this->mailClient->send($address, $text)
;
}
}
Ұݟɺͳͦ͞͏ʹݟ͑Δ
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ྫɿ&NBJMΛૹ৴͢ΔΫϥε
class EmailSender
{
private $mailClient
;
public function init(
)
{
// ʮAmazon Simple Email ServiceʯΛ༻ͯ͠ϝʔϧΛѻ͏Ϋϥε
$this->mailClient = new AwsSes() // EmailSenderΫϥε͕AwsSesΫϥεʹґଘ͍ͯ͠Δ
}
public function sendRegisterMail($address, $text
)
{
$this->mailClient->send($address, $text)
;
}
}
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&NBJM4FOEFS͕࣋ͭ՝
w ಛఆͷαʔϏεʢ͜ͷ߹"NB[PO4&4ʣʹґଘ͍ͯ͠Δɻ
w αʔϏεΛม͑Δඞཁ͕ग़͖ͯͨΒɺ&NBJM4FOEFS෦ʹखΛೖΕ
ͳ͍͚ͯ͘ͳ͍ɻ
w &NBJM4FOEFSΫϥεͷςετʹ"XT4FTΫϥεඞཁʹͳΔɻ
w ςετͮ͠Β͍ঢ়ଶʹͳΔɻ
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ͯ͞ɺͲ͏͢Δ͔ʁ
DIͷ֓
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ྫɿ&NBJMΛૹ৴͢ΔΫϥεɾվ
class EmailSender
{
private $mailClient
;
public function __construct($client
)
{
$this->mailClient = $client; // αʔϏεΛѻ͏ΫϥεΛ֎෦͔Βࢦఆ͢ΔΑ͏ʹมߋ
}
public function sendRegisterMail($address, $text
)
{
$this->mailClient->send($address, $text)
;
}
}
&NBJM4FOEFSͰ༻͢ΔϝιουΛ
JOUFSGBDFΛ༻ͯ͠දݱ
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&NBJMΛૹ৴͢ΔΠϯλϑΣʔεྫ
interface iEmailClient
{
public function send($address, $text)
;
}
class AwsSes implements iEmailClient
{
private $mailClient
;
public function __construct(
)
{
$this->mailClient = new AwsSes()
;
}
public function send($address, $text){
}
}
&NBJM4FOEFS͕ґଘ͢Δ෦Λ
JOUFSGBDFͱͯ͠දݱ͠ɺ
ґଘͷݮΛਤ͍ͬͯΔ
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&NBJM4FOEFSΫϥεͷ%*
w Ϋϥε͕ࣗґଘઌΛܾΊΔͷͰͳ͘ɺΫϥεΛѻ͏ଆ͕ґଘઌΛ
ܾఆ͍ͯ͠Δɻ
w ͜Ε͕ɺґଘؔʹର͢Δ੍ޚͷٯసɻ
w ςετʹඞཁͳϞοΫ͕࡞Γ͘͢ͳΓɺςελϏϦςΟ্ͯ͠
͍Δɻ
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͏ͬ͢Βͱཧղ͕ਐΜͩͱ͜ΖͰ
Λগ͠ม͑·͢
DIͷ֓
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%*ʹର͢Δޡղ
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%*ΛௐΑ͏ͱͯ͠ݕࡧ͚ͨ͠Ͳɺ
݁ہΑ͘Θ͔Βͳ͔ͬͨɻ
DIʹର͢Δޡղ
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͜Μͳܦݧ͋Γ·ͤΜͰ͔ͨ͠ʁ
DIʹର͢Δޡղ
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%*ʹର͢Δޡղ
w %*ϢχοτςετΛࢧԉ͢Δͷ͕తͰ͋Δɻ
w %*ʹ%*$POUBJOFSΛ͏ඞཁ͕͋Δɻ
w %*4FSWJDF-PDBUPSύλʔϯͰ͋Δɻ
ޡղ͍͢͠ঢ়گ͕ଟ͍
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̍ͭͣͭݟ͍͖ͯ·͠ΐ͏
DIʹର͢Δޡղ
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ςετΛࢧԉ͢Δͷ͕తͰͳ͍
w ςελϏϦςΟͷ্ͭͷଆ໘Ͱ͔͠ͳ͍ɻʮతʯͰͳ͘ɺ
ʮ݁ՌʯͰ͔͠ͳ͍ɻ
w %*ʮૄ݁߹ͷ࣮ݱΛతͱͨ͠σβΠϯύλʔϯʯͰ͋Δͱɺεϥ
Πυͷ಄Ͱड़·ͨ͠ɻ
w ΫϥεϞδϡʔϧؒͷૄ݁߹Λ࣮ݱ͠ɺอकੑͷߴ͍ίʔυΛ࡞Δ
͜ͱ͕ςελϏϦςΟͷ্ʹܨ͕Δɻ
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%*$POUBJOFSඞਢͰͳ͍
w ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫଆ͕%*ίϯςφΛ͏લఏͰΈΛఏڙ͍ͯͯ͠ɺ
։ൃऀଆ͕ޡղͯ͠͠·͏ɻ
w ޡͬͨղઆهࣄ4UBDL0WFS
fl
PXΛͨ·ͨ·ݟ͚ͭͯ͠·͏ɻ
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%*$POUBJOFSʹ͍ͭͯ
গ͚ͩ͠৮Ε͓͖ͯ·͢
DIʹର͢Δޡղ
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%*$POUBJOFSͷ؆୯ͳઆ໌
w %*ύλʔϯΛαϙʔτ͢ΔϥΠϒϥϦͰ͢ɻ
w ΦϒδΣΫτͷॳظԽ߹ɺϥΠϑλΠϜͷཧͱׂ͍ͬͨΛ
୲͍·͢ɻ
w ґଘؔΛఆ͓ٛͯ͘͜͠ͱͰɺΦϒδΣΫτಉ࢜ͷґଘղܾΛ
$POUBJOFSଆʹͤΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɻ
w ༷ʑͳݴޠʢ$ɺ+BWBɺ1)1ɺ(PʣͰ։ൃ͕͞Ε͍ͯΔɻ
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4FSWJDF-PDBUPSύλʔϯͰͳ͍
w ͍ͣΕΫϥεಉ࢜Λૄ݁߹ʹอͭ͜ͱΛతͱͨ͠σβΠϯύλʔ
ϯɻతಉ͕ͩ͡ɺґଘؔͷղܾख๏͕ҟͳΔɻ
w %*͕4FSWJDF-PDBUPSͷҰ෦ͱ͍͏Ͱͳ͍Ͱ͢ɻ
w ࠞಉ͍͢͠ͷͰɺࠓճͷεϥΠυͷΓ%*ͱ4FSWJDF-PDBUPSύ
λʔϯͷൺֱʹׂ͍͍ͯ·͢ɻ
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4FSWJDF-PDBUPSʹ͍ͭͯ
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4FSWJDF-PDBUPSͱ
ґଘઌΛղܾ͢ΔׂΛ࣋ͬͨ
ΦϒδΣΫτ
ServiceLocatorʹ͍ͭͯ
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લड़ͨ͠&NBJM4FOEFS
Λݩʹͨ͠ਤͰݟͯΈ·͠ΐ͏
ServiceLocatorʹ͍ͭͯ
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%*ύλʔϯͰදݱͨ͠Ϋϥεਤ
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4FSWJDF-PDBUPSͰ
දݱͨ͠Ϋϥεਤ
w 4FSWJDF-PDBUPS͕Ճ
͞Ε͓ͯΓɺґଘઌͷ
ղܾΛ୲͢Δɻ
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%*ύλʔϯͱ4FSWJDF-PDBUPSύλʔϯ
w %*ύλʔϯɺ&NBJM4FOEFSΫϥεͷґଘઌΛར༻ݩͰ͋Δ
"QQMJDBUJPO͕ܾΊ͍ͯΔɻ
w 4FSWJDF-PDBUPSɺ&NBJM4FOEFSΫϥεͷґଘઌΛ4FSWJDF-PDBUPS
͕ܾΊ͍ͯΔɻ
w &NBJM4FOEFSͱ"XT$MJFOUΛૄ݁߹ʹ͢ΔతͲͪΒͷख๏Ͱ࣮
ݱͰ͖Δɻ
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ൺֱͨ͠ॴײ
w %*ύλʔϯͷํ͕͍͍͢ͱࢥ͑·͢ɻ
w 4FSWJDF-PDBUPSͷґଘ͕ൃੜ͍ͯ͠ΔͷͰɺςετ͢ΔͨΊʹ
4FSWJDF-PDBUPSͷ࠶ݱʢϞοΫԽʣ͕ඞཁʹͳΔɻ
w ґଘؔͷղܾΛҕͶΔͱ͍͏ʹஔ͍ͯɺ4FSWJDF-PDBUPSͱ%*
$POUBJOFS͕ࣅͨͷʹࢥ͑Δɻ
w ˞ࣗͷதͰݴޠԽ͖͠Εͯͳ͍ͷͰɺ͜͜ҙݟΛٻΊ͍ͨͱ͜Ζɻ
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ຊͷ·ͱΊ
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ຊͷ·ͱΊ
w %*ૄ݁߹ͷ࣮ݱΛతͱͨ͠σβΠϯύλʔϯɻ
w *OWFSTJPOPG$POUSPMͷͭͷଆ໘ΛσβΠϯύλʔϯͱ໋໊ͯ͠͠
ͨͷ͕ɺʮ%*%FQFOEFODZ*OKFDUJPOʯɻ
w %*$POUBJOFS%*ύλʔϯΛαϙʔτ͢ΔϥΠϒϥϦɻ
w 4FSWJDF-PDBUPS%*ͱతಉ͕ͩ͡ɺख๏͕ҟͳΔσβΠϯύ
λʔϯɻ
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ࢀߟจݙ
• ʮDependency Injection Principles, Practices, and Patternsʯ
• https://www.amazon.com/dp/161729473X
• ※ O’Reilly online learningͰಡΊ·͢ɻ
• https://martinfowler.com/bliki/InversionOfControl.html
• https://martinfowler.com/articles/injection.html
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%FQFOEFODZ*OKFDUJPO
Λཧղ͢Δॿ͚ʹͳΕ͍Ͱ͢ɻ
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ൃදʹର͢ΔϑΟʔυόοΫ
େܴͰ͢ʂ
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͝ਗ਼ௌ͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·ͨ͠ʂ