今こそ理解するDI（Dependency Injection） / Understand Dependency Injection of PHP

PHPerKaigi 2021で発表に使用した資料です。
・https://phperkaigi.jp/2021/
・https://fortee.jp/phperkaigi-2021/proposal/bfa7dda5-fa76-472f-bfbb-3e76f3434581

資料中に掲載したURL
・https://www.amazon.com/dp/161729473X
・https://martinfowler.com/bliki/InversionOfControl.html
・https://martinfowler.com/articles/injection.html

Transcript

1. ࠓͦ͜ཧղ͢Δ
   %*ʢ%FQFOEFODZ*OKFDUJPOʣ
   ʮ1)1FS,BJHJʯ
   IUUQTGPSUFFKQQIQFSLBJHJ
   

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2. ܰࣗ͘ݾ঺հ
   

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3. ࣗݾ঺հ
   • ࢁాɹ঵ʢ΍·ͩɹ͠ΐ͏ʣ
   
   
   • Twitter: @rukiadia
   
   
   • ίωώτגࣜձࣾͰόοΫΤϯυΤϯδχΞΛ͍ͯ͠·͢
   
   
   • Railsͷੈք͔ΒPHPͷੈքʹ΍͖ͬͯ·ͨ͠ɻ
   

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4. ຊ೔ͷൃදͰ໨ࢦ͢ΰʔϧ
   

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5. ຊ೔ͷΰʔϧ
   %*ʹೖ໳Ͱ͖ͨঢ়ଶ
   ʢଏʹݴ͏ɺ׬શʹཧղͨ͠ঢ়ଶʣ
   Λ໨ࢦ͍͖ͯ͠·͢ɻ
   

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6. ͓࿩͢Δ͜ͱ
   w %*ͷ֓࿦
   w %*ʹର͢Δޡղ
   

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7. ͦΕͰ͸ɺຊฤελʔτͰ͢ɻ
   

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8. %*ͷ֓࿦
   

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9. DIͷ֓࿦
   ͦ΋ͦ΋%*ͱ͸Կͳͷ͔ʁ
   ղઆΛ͍͔ͭ͘ಡΜͰΈͯ΋
   ϐϯͱ͜ͳ͍͠ɺ݁ہΑ͘෼͔Βͳ͍ɻ
   

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10. DIͷ֓࿦
    %*ͱ͸ํ๏࿦Ͱ͢
    

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11. “Dependency Injection Principles, Practices, and Patterns”
    
    
    Part 1 Putting Dependency Injection on the map
    “Dependency Injection is a set of software design
    principles and patterns that enables you to
    develop loosely coupled code.”
    11
    DIͷ֓࿦
    

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12. %*ͱ͸ʁ
    w อकੑͷߴ͍ίʔυΛॻ͘͜ͱΛ໨తͱͨ͠ɺιϑτ΢ΣΞઃܭݪଇ
    ͱύλʔϯͷηοτɻ
    w ιϑτ΢ΣΞઃܭݪଇͷͭͱͯ͠ɺΏΔ΍͔ͳ݁߹ʢૄ݁߹ʣΛ࡞
    ΔΞϓϩʔν͕͋Δɻ
    w %*͸ʮૄ݁߹ͷ࣮ݱΛ໨తͱͨ͠σβΠϯύλʔϯʯͱ͍͏ͷ͕ద੾
    ͳදݱͱݴ͑Δɻ
    w ʮ%*ύλʔϯʯͱݺশ͍ͯ͠Δਓ΋͍Δɻ
    

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13. %*͕ੜ·Εͨʢఆٛ͞ΕͨʣܦҢʹ
    ৮Ε͓͖ͯ·͢ɻ
    DIͷ֓࿦
    

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14. %*͕ఆٛ͞ΕΔʹࢸͬͨܦҢ
    

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15. %*ͷىݯΛḷΔ
    w ىݯ͸+BWBͷίϛϡχςΟ
    w ೥ʙ೥ࠒʹ.BSUJO'PXMFS͕ఆٛͨ͠ݴ༿
    w ˞ࢀߟจݙ͸εϥΠυͷ຤ඌʹࡌͤ·͢ɻ
    w ʮ*OWFSTJPOPG$POUSPMʢ*P$ʣʯͱ͍͏֓೦͕౰࣌ଘࡏ͓ͯ͠Γɺ
    ͦͷ֓೦Λ۩ମԽ͢Δݴ༿ͱͯ͠ɺʮ%FQFOEFODZ*OKFDUJPOʯ͕ఆ
    ٛ͞Εͨɻ
    

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16. *P$ʢ੍ޚͷٯసʣͱ͸Կͳͷ͔ʁ
    DIͷىݯ
    

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17. *P$ʢ੍ޚͷٯసʣͦͷ
    w ϓϩάϥϜʹ͓͍ͯɺʮݺͼग़͢ଆʯͱʮݺͼग़͞ΕΔଆʯ͕ैདྷͷ
    ϓϩάϥϜͱٯʹͳΔݱ৅Λࢦ͢ɻ
    w δϣʔΫͱͯ͠ͷҙຯ߹͍ͰʮϋϦ΢ουͷݪཧʯͱݺ͹ΕΔ͜ͱ΋
    ͋Δɻ
    w ʮզʑΛݺͿͳɻզʑ͕ݺͿɻʯ
    w ͚ͩͨ͘ݴ͍ํΛ͢ΔͱɺʮඞཁʹͳͬͨΒɺͪ͜Β͔Βݺͼ·
    ͢ɻʯͱ͍͏ҙຯ߹͍ʹͳΔɻ
    

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18. *P$ʢ੍ޚͷٯసʣͦͷ
    w ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛ࢖ͬͨΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃʹ౰ͯ͸·ΔಛੑͰ΋
    ͋Δɻ
    w ։ൃऀ͕ఆٛͨ͠ϝιου͕ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯίʔυ͔Β௚઀ݺ͹
    ΕΔ͜ͱ͸΄΅ແ͍ɻݺ͹ΕΔλΠϛϯά͸ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫଆʹҕ
    ͶΒΕ͍ͯΔɻ
    w ʮඞཁʹͳͬͨΒɺͪ͜Β͔Βݺͼ·͢ɻʯͱ͍͏੍ޚ
    

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19. จষͩͱ఻ΘΓʹ͍͘ͷͰ
    ίʔυྫΛݟͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ɻ
    IoCʢ੍ޚͷٯసʣ
    

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20. ྫɿ$BLF1)1ͷϢχοτςετ
    class ArticlesTableTest extends TestCas
    e
    
    {
    
    public $fixtures = ['app.Articles']
    ;
    
    public function setUp(
    )
    
    {
    
    parent::setUp()
    ;
    
    $this->Articles = TableRegistry::getTableLocator()->get('Articles')
    ;
    
    }
    
    public function tearDown(
    )
    
    {
    
    TableRegistry::clear()
    ;
    
    }
    
    }
    هࣄͷݕࡧ΍ফڈΛߦ͏
    .PEFMςετͷԼ஍
    

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21. ྫɿ$BLF1)1ͷϢχοτςετʢ੍ޚͷٯసʣ
    class ArticlesTableTest extends TestCas
    e
    
    {
    
    public $fixtures = ['app.Articles']
    ;
    
    public function setUp()
    {
    
    parent::setUp()
    ;
    
    $this->Articles = TableRegistry::getTableLocator()->get('Articles')
    ;
    
    }
    
    public function tearDown(
    )
    
    {
    
    TableRegistry::clear()
    ;
    
    }
    
    }
    ४උɺޙ࢝຤ɺςετ࣮ߦͷλΠϛϯάΛ
    ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ͕Ѳ͍ͬͯΔ
    

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22. Ұ୴ɺ%*ͷ࿩ʹ໭Γ·͢ɻ
    IoCʢ੍ޚͷٯసʣ
    

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23. *P$ͱ%*ͷؔ܎
    w *P$͸ʮ੍ޚͷٯసʯ
    w %*͸ݴ͍׵͑Ε͹ʮґଘؔ܎ʹର͢Δ੍ޚͷٯసʯͱදݱͰ͖Δɻ
    w %*Λʮ੍ޚͷٯసʯͱݴ͍੾ͬͯ΋ӕʹ͸ͳΒͳ͍͕ɺ%**P$ͱ͢
    Δʹ͸*P$ͱ͍͏දݱ͕แׅత͗͢Δɻ
    w ʮґଘؔ܎ʹର͢Δ੍ޚͷٯసʯΛͭͷύλʔϯͱͯ͠ଊ͑Δͨ
    Ίɺ%FQFOEFODZ*OKFDUJPOͱ͍͏໋໊͕ੜ·Εͨɻ
    

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24. Inversion of Control
    Dependency Injection
    DIͷ֓࿦
    

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25. ϦΞϦςΟͷ͋ΔίʔυΛ·͑ͯ͡
    આ໌Λଓ͚·͢ɻ
    DIͷ֓࿦
    

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26. ྫɿ&NBJMΛૹ৴͢ΔΫϥε
    class EmailSender
    {
    
    private $mailClient
    ;
    
    public function init(
    )
    
    {
    
    // ʮAmazon Simple Email ServiceʯΛ࢖༻ͯ͠ϝʔϧΛѻ͏Ϋϥε
    $this->mailClient = new AwsSes(
    )
    
    }
    
    
    
    public function sendRegisterMail($address, $text
    )
    
    {
    
    $this->mailClient->send($address, $text)
    ;
    
    }
    
    }
    Ұݟɺ໰୊ͳͦ͞͏ʹݟ͑Δ
    

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27. ྫɿ&NBJMΛૹ৴͢ΔΫϥε
    class EmailSender
    {
    
    private $mailClient
    ;
    
    public function init(
    )
    
    {
    
    // ʮAmazon Simple Email ServiceʯΛ࢖༻ͯ͠ϝʔϧΛѻ͏Ϋϥε
    $this->mailClient = new AwsSes() // EmailSenderΫϥε͕AwsSesΫϥεʹґଘ͍ͯ͠Δ
    }
    
    
    
    public function sendRegisterMail($address, $text
    )
    
    {
    
    $this->mailClient->send($address, $text)
    ;
    
    }
    
    }
    

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28. &NBJM4FOEFS͕࣋ͭ՝୊
    w ಛఆͷαʔϏεʢ͜ͷ৔߹͸"NB[PO4&4ʣʹґଘ͍ͯ͠Δɻ
    w αʔϏεΛม͑Δඞཁ͕ग़͖ͯͨΒɺ&NBJM4FOEFS಺෦ʹखΛೖΕ
    ͳͯ͘͸͍͚ͳ͍ɻ
    w &NBJM4FOEFSΫϥεͷςετʹ"XT4FTΫϥε΋ඞཁʹͳΔɻ
    w ςετͮ͠Β͍ঢ়ଶʹͳΔɻ
    

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29. ͯ͞ɺͲ͏͢Δ͔ʁ
    DIͷ֓࿦
    

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30. ྫɿ&NBJMΛૹ৴͢ΔΫϥεɾվ
    class EmailSender
    {
    
    
    
    private $mailClient
    ;
    
    public function __construct($client
    )
    
    {
    
    $this->mailClient = $client; // αʔϏεΛѻ͏ΫϥεΛ֎෦͔Βࢦఆ͢ΔΑ͏ʹมߋ
    }
    
    
    
    public function sendRegisterMail($address, $text
    )
    
    {
    
    $this->mailClient->send($address, $text)
    ;
    
    }
    
    }
    &NBJM4FOEFSͰ࢖༻͢ΔϝιουΛ
    JOUFSGBDFΛ࢖༻ͯ͠දݱ
    

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31. &NBJMΛૹ৴͢ΔΠϯλϑΣʔεྫ
    interface iEmailClient
    {
    
    public function send($address, $text)
    ;
    
    }
    
    class AwsSes implements iEmailClient
    {
    
    
    
    private $mailClient
    ;
    
    
    
    public function __construct(
    )
    
    {
    
    $this->mailClient = new AwsSes()
    ;
    
    }
    
    
    
    public function send($address, $text){
    }
    
    }
    &NBJM4FOEFS͕ґଘ͢Δ෦෼Λ
    JOUFSGBDFͱͯ͠දݱ͠ɺ
    ґଘ౓ͷ௿ݮΛਤ͍ͬͯΔ
    

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32. &NBJM4FOEFSΫϥεͷ%*
    w Ϋϥεࣗ਎͕ґଘઌΛܾΊΔͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺΫϥεΛѻ͏ଆ͕ґଘઌΛ
    ܾఆ͍ͯ͠Δɻ
    w ͜Ε͕ɺґଘؔ܎ʹର͢Δ੍ޚͷٯసɻ
    w ςετʹඞཁͳϞοΫ͕࡞Γ΍͘͢ͳΓɺςελϏϦςΟ΋޲্ͯ͠
    ͍Δɻ
    

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33. ͏ͬ͢Βͱཧղ͕ਐΜͩͱ͜ΖͰ
    ࿩୊Λগ͠ม͑·͢
    DIͷ֓࿦
    

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34. %*ʹର͢Δޡղ
    

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35. %*Λௐ΂Α͏ͱͯ͠ݕࡧ͚ͨ͠Ͳɺ
    ݁ہΑ͘Θ͔Βͳ͔ͬͨɻ
    DIʹର͢Δޡղ
    

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36. ͜Μͳܦݧ͸͋Γ·ͤΜͰ͔ͨ͠ʁ
    DIʹର͢Δޡղ
    

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37. %*ʹର͢Δޡղ
    w %*͸ϢχοτςετΛࢧԉ͢Δͷ͕໨తͰ͋Δɻ
    w %*ʹ͸%*$POUBJOFSΛ࢖͏ඞཁ͕͋Δɻ
    w %*͸4FSWJDF-PDBUPSύλʔϯͰ͋Δɻ
    ޡղ͠΍͍͢ঢ়گ͕ଟ͍
    

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38. ̍ͭͣͭݟ͍͖ͯ·͠ΐ͏
    DIʹର͢Δޡղ
    

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39. ςετΛࢧԉ͢Δͷ͕໨తͰ͸ͳ͍
    w ςελϏϦςΟͷ޲্͸ͭͷଆ໘Ͱ͔͠ͳ͍ɻʮ໨తʯͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ
    ʮ݁ՌʯͰ͔͠ͳ͍ɻ
    w %*͸ʮૄ݁߹ͷ࣮ݱΛ໨తͱͨ͠σβΠϯύλʔϯʯͰ͋Δͱɺεϥ
    Πυͷ๯಄Ͱ΋ड़΂·ͨ͠ɻ
    w Ϋϥε΍Ϟδϡʔϧؒͷૄ݁߹Λ࣮ݱ͠ɺอकੑͷߴ͍ίʔυΛ࡞Δ
    ͜ͱ͕ςελϏϦςΟͷ޲্ʹܨ͕Δɻ
    

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40. %*$POUBJOFS͸ඞਢͰ͸ͳ͍
    w ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫଆ͕%*ίϯςφΛ࢖͏લఏͰ࢓૊ΈΛఏڙ͍ͯͯ͠ɺ
    ։ൃऀଆ͕ޡղͯ͠͠·͏ɻ
    w ޡͬͨղઆهࣄ΍4UBDL0WFS
    fl
    PXΛͨ·ͨ·ݟ͚ͭͯ͠·͏ɻ
    

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41. %*$POUBJOFSʹ͍ͭͯ
    গ͚ͩ͠৮Ε͓͖ͯ·͢
    DIʹର͢Δޡղ
    

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42. %*$POUBJOFSͷ؆୯ͳઆ໌
    w %*ύλʔϯΛαϙʔτ͢ΔϥΠϒϥϦͰ͢ɻ
    w ΦϒδΣΫτͷॳظԽ΍߹੒ɺϥΠϑλΠϜͷ؅ཧͱ͍ͬͨ໾ׂΛ
    ୲͍·͢ɻ
    w ґଘؔ܎Λఆ͓ٛͯ͘͜͠ͱͰɺΦϒδΣΫτಉ࢜ͷґଘղܾΛ
    $POUBJOFSଆʹ೚ͤΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɻ
    w ༷ʑͳݴޠʢ$ɺ+BWBɺ1)1ɺ(P౳ʣͰ։ൃ͕͞Ε͍ͯΔɻ
    

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43. 4FSWJDF-PDBUPSύλʔϯͰ͸ͳ͍
    w ͍ͣΕ΋Ϋϥεಉ࢜Λૄ݁߹ʹอͭ͜ͱΛ໨తͱͨ͠σβΠϯύλʔ
    ϯɻ໨త͸ಉ͕ͩ͡ɺґଘؔ܎ͷղܾख๏͕ҟͳΔɻ
    w %*͕4FSWJDF-PDBUPSͷҰ෦෼ͱ͍͏࿩Ͱ΋ͳ͍Ͱ͢ɻ
    w ࠞಉ͠΍͍͢ͷͰɺࠓճͷεϥΠυͷ࢒Γ͸%*ͱ4FSWJDF-PDBUPSύ
    λʔϯͷൺֱʹׂ͍͍ͯ·͢ɻ
    

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44. 4FSWJDF-PDBUPSʹ͍ͭͯ
    

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45. 4FSWJDF-PDBUPSͱ͸
    ґଘઌΛղܾ͢Δ໾ׂΛ࣋ͬͨ
    ΦϒδΣΫτ
    ServiceLocatorʹ͍ͭͯ
    

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46. લड़ͨ͠&NBJM4FOEFS
    Λݩʹͨ͠ਤͰݟͯΈ·͠ΐ͏
    ServiceLocatorʹ͍ͭͯ
    

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47. %*ύλʔϯͰදݱͨ͠Ϋϥεਤ
    

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48. 4FSWJDF-PDBUPSͰ
    දݱͨ͠Ϋϥεਤ
    w 4FSWJDF-PDBUPS͕௥Ճ
    ͞Ε͓ͯΓɺґଘઌͷ
    ղܾΛ୲౰͢Δɻ
    

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49. %*ύλʔϯͱ4FSWJDF-PDBUPSύλʔϯ
    w %*ύλʔϯ͸ɺ&NBJM4FOEFSΫϥεͷґଘઌΛར༻ݩͰ͋Δ
    "QQMJDBUJPO͕ܾΊ͍ͯΔɻ
    w 4FSWJDF-PDBUPS͸ɺ&NBJM4FOEFSΫϥεͷґଘઌΛ4FSWJDF-PDBUPS
    ͕ܾΊ͍ͯΔɻ
    w &NBJM4FOEFSͱ"XT$MJFOUΛૄ݁߹ʹ͢Δ໨త͸ͲͪΒͷख๏Ͱ΋࣮
    ݱͰ͖Δɻ
    

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50. ൺֱͨ͠ॴײ
    w %*ύλʔϯͷํ͕࢖͍΍͍͢ͱࢥ͑·͢ɻ
    w 4FSWJDF-PDBUPS΁ͷґଘ͕ൃੜ͍ͯ͠ΔͷͰɺςετ͢ΔͨΊʹ
    4FSWJDF-PDBUPSͷ࠶ݱʢϞοΫԽʣ͕ඞཁʹͳΔɻ
    w ґଘؔ܎ͷղܾΛҕͶΔͱ͍͏఺ʹஔ͍ͯ͸ɺ4FSWJDF-PDBUPSͱ%*
    $POUBJOFS͕ࣅͨ΋ͷʹࢥ͑Δɻ
    w ˞ࣗ෼ͷதͰݴޠԽ͖͠Εͯͳ͍ͷͰɺ͜͜͸ҙݟΛٻΊ͍ͨͱ͜Ζɻ
    

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51. ຊ೔ͷ·ͱΊ
    

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52. ຊ೔ͷ·ͱΊ
    w %*͸ૄ݁߹ͷ࣮ݱΛ໨తͱͨ͠σβΠϯύλʔϯɻ
    w *OWFSTJPOPG$POUSPMͷͭͷଆ໘ΛσβΠϯύλʔϯͱ໋໊ͯ͠͠
    ͨͷ͕ɺʮ%*%FQFOEFODZ*OKFDUJPOʯɻ
    w %*$POUBJOFS͸%*ύλʔϯΛαϙʔτ͢ΔϥΠϒϥϦɻ
    w 4FSWJDF-PDBUPS͸%*ͱ໨త͸ಉ͕ͩ͡ɺख๏͕ҟͳΔσβΠϯύ
    λʔϯɻ
    

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53. ࢀߟจݙ
    • ʮDependency Injection Principles, Practices, and Patternsʯ
    
    
    • https://www.amazon.com/dp/161729473X
    
    
    • ※ O’Reilly online learningͰಡΊ·͢ɻ
    
    
    • https://martinfowler.com/bliki/InversionOfControl.html
    
    
    • https://martinfowler.com/articles/injection.html
    

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54. %FQFOEFODZ*OKFDUJPO
    Λཧղ͢Δॿ͚ʹͳΕ͹޾͍Ͱ͢ɻ
    

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55. ൃදʹର͢ΔϑΟʔυόοΫ͸
    
    
    େ׻ܴͰ͢ʂ
    

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56. ͝ਗ਼ௌ͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·ͨ͠ʂ
    

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