今こそ理解するDI（Dependency Injection） / Understand Dependency Injection of PHP

PHPerKaigi 2021で発表に使用した資料です。
・https://phperkaigi.jp/2021/
・https://fortee.jp/phperkaigi-2021/proposal/bfa7dda5-fa76-472f-bfbb-3e76f3434581

資料中に掲載したURL
・https://www.amazon.com/dp/161729473X
・https://martinfowler.com/bliki/InversionOfControl.html
・https://martinfowler.com/articles/injection.html

Transcript

1. ࠓͦ͜ཧղ͢Δ
   %*ʢ%FQFOEFODZ
   *OKFDUJPOʣ ʮ1)1FS,BJHJ
   ʯ
   IUUQTGPSUFFKQQIQFSLBJHJ
2. ܰࣗ͘ݾ঺հ
3. ࣗݾ঺հ • ࢁాɹ঵ʢ΍·ͩɹ͠ΐ͏ʣ • Twitter: @rukiadia • ίωώτגࣜձࣾͰόοΫΤϯυΤϯδχΞΛ͍ͯ͠·͢ • Railsͷੈք͔ΒPHPͷੈքʹ΍͖ͬͯ·ͨ͠ɻ
4. ຊ೔ͷൃදͰ໨ࢦ͢ΰʔϧ
5. ຊ೔ͷΰʔϧ %*ʹೖ໳Ͱ͖ͨঢ়ଶ
   ʢଏʹݴ͏ɺ׬શʹཧղͨ͠ঢ়ଶʣ
   Λ໨ࢦ͍͖ͯ͠·͢ɻ
6. 
   ͓࿩͢Δ͜ͱ w %*ͷ֓࿦
   w %*ʹର͢Δޡղ
7. ͦΕͰ͸ɺຊฤελʔτͰ͢ɻ
8. %*ͷ֓࿦
9. DIͷ֓࿦ ͦ΋ͦ΋%*ͱ͸Կͳͷ͔ʁ ղઆΛ͍͔ͭ͘ಡΜͰΈͯ΋
   ϐϯͱ͜ͳ͍͠ɺ݁ہΑ͘෼͔Βͳ͍ɻ
10. DIͷ֓࿦ %*ͱ͸ํ๏࿦Ͱ͢
11. “Dependency Injection Principles, Practices, and Patterns” Part 1 Putting Dependency Injection on the map “Dependency Injection is a set of software design principles and patterns that enables you to develop loosely coupled code.” 11 DIͷ֓࿦
12. %*ͱ͸ʁ w อकੑͷߴ͍ίʔυΛॻ͘͜ͱΛ໨తͱͨ͠ɺιϑτ΢ΣΞઃܭݪଇ ͱύλʔϯͷηοτɻ
    w ιϑτ΢ΣΞઃܭݪଇͷͭͱͯ͠ɺΏΔ΍͔ͳ݁߹ʢૄ݁߹ʣΛ࡞ ΔΞϓϩʔν͕͋Δɻ
    w %*͸ʮૄ݁߹ͷ࣮ݱΛ໨తͱͨ͠σβΠϯύλʔϯʯͱ͍͏ͷ͕ద੾ ͳදݱͱݴ͑Δɻ
    w ʮ%*ύλʔϯʯͱݺশ͍ͯ͠Δਓ΋͍Δɻ
13. %*͕ੜ·Εͨʢఆٛ͞ΕͨʣܦҢʹ
    ৮Ε͓͖ͯ·͢ɻ DIͷ֓࿦
14. %*͕ఆٛ͞ΕΔʹࢸͬͨܦҢ
15. %*ͷىݯΛḷΔ w ىݯ͸+BWBͷίϛϡχςΟ
    w ೥ʙ೥ࠒʹ.BSUJO
    'PXMFS͕ఆٛͨ͠ݴ༿
    w ˞ࢀߟจݙ͸εϥΠυͷ຤ඌʹࡌͤ·͢ɻ
    w ʮ*OWFSTJPO
    PG
    $POUSPMʢ*P$ʣʯͱ͍͏֓೦͕౰࣌ଘࡏ͓ͯ͠Γɺ ͦͷ֓೦Λ۩ମԽ͢Δݴ༿ͱͯ͠ɺʮ%FQFOEFODZ
    *OKFDUJPOʯ͕ఆ ٛ͞Εͨɻ
16. *P$ʢ੍ޚͷٯసʣͱ͸Կͳͷ͔ʁ DIͷىݯ
17. *P$ʢ੍ޚͷٯసʣ
    ͦͷ w ϓϩάϥϜʹ͓͍ͯɺʮݺͼग़͢ଆʯͱʮݺͼग़͞ΕΔଆʯ͕ैདྷͷ ϓϩάϥϜͱٯʹͳΔݱ৅Λࢦ͢ɻ
    w δϣʔΫͱͯ͠ͷҙຯ߹͍ͰʮϋϦ΢ουͷݪཧʯͱݺ͹ΕΔ͜ͱ΋ ͋Δɻ
    w ʮզʑΛݺͿͳɻզʑ͕ݺͿɻʯ
    w ͚ͩͨ͘ݴ͍ํΛ͢ΔͱɺʮඞཁʹͳͬͨΒɺͪ͜Β͔Βݺͼ· ͢ɻʯͱ͍͏ҙຯ߹͍ʹͳΔɻ
18. *P$ʢ੍ޚͷٯసʣ
    ͦͷ w ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛ࢖ͬͨΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃʹ౰ͯ͸·ΔಛੑͰ΋ ͋Δɻ
    w ։ൃऀ͕ఆٛͨ͠ϝιου͕ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯίʔυ͔Β௚઀ݺ͹ ΕΔ͜ͱ͸΄΅ແ͍ɻݺ͹ΕΔλΠϛϯά͸ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫଆʹҕ ͶΒΕ͍ͯΔɻ
    w ʮඞཁʹͳͬͨΒɺͪ͜Β͔Βݺͼ·͢ɻʯͱ͍͏੍ޚ
19. จষͩͱ఻ΘΓʹ͍͘ͷͰ
    ίʔυྫΛݟͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ɻ IoCʢ੍ޚͷٯసʣ
20. ྫɿ$BLF1)1ͷϢχοτςετ class ArticlesTableTest extends TestCas e { public $fixtures = ['app.Articles'] ; public function setUp( ) { parent::setUp() ; $this->Articles = TableRegistry::getTableLocator()->get('Articles') ; } public function tearDown( ) { TableRegistry::clear() ; } } هࣄͷݕࡧ΍ফڈΛߦ͏
    .PEFMςετͷԼ஍
21. ྫɿ$BLF1)1ͷϢχοτςετʢ੍ޚͷٯసʣ class ArticlesTableTest extends TestCas e { public $fixtures = ['app.Articles'] ; public function setUp() { parent::setUp() ; $this->Articles = TableRegistry::getTableLocator()->get('Articles') ; } public function tearDown( ) { TableRegistry::clear() ; } } ४උɺޙ࢝຤ɺςετ࣮ߦͷλΠϛϯάΛ
    ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ͕Ѳ͍ͬͯΔ
22. Ұ୴ɺ%*ͷ࿩ʹ໭Γ·͢ɻ IoCʢ੍ޚͷٯసʣ
23. *P$ͱ%*ͷؔ܎ w *P$͸ʮ੍ޚͷٯసʯ
    w %*͸ݴ͍׵͑Ε͹ʮґଘؔ܎ʹର͢Δ੍ޚͷٯసʯͱදݱͰ͖Δɻ
    w %*Λʮ੍ޚͷٯసʯͱݴ͍੾ͬͯ΋ӕʹ͸ͳΒͳ͍͕ɺ%*
    
    *P$ͱ͢ Δʹ͸*P$ͱ͍͏දݱ͕แׅత͗͢Δɻ
    w ʮґଘؔ܎ʹର͢Δ੍ޚͷٯసʯΛͭͷύλʔϯͱͯ͠ଊ͑Δͨ Ίɺ%FQFOEFODZ
    *OKFDUJPOͱ͍͏໋໊͕ੜ·Εͨɻ
24. Inversion of Control Dependency Injection DIͷ֓࿦
25. ϦΞϦςΟͷ͋ΔίʔυΛ·͑ͯ͡
    આ໌Λଓ͚·͢ɻ DIͷ֓࿦
26. ྫɿ&NBJMΛૹ৴͢ΔΫϥε class EmailSender { private $mailClient ; public function init( ) { // ʮAmazon Simple Email ServiceʯΛ࢖༻ͯ͠ϝʔϧΛѻ͏Ϋϥε $this->mailClient = new AwsSes( ) } public function sendRegisterMail($address, $text ) { $this->mailClient->send($address, $text) ; } } Ұݟɺ໰୊ͳͦ͞͏ʹݟ͑Δ
27. ྫɿ&NBJMΛૹ৴͢ΔΫϥε class EmailSender { private $mailClient ; public function init( ) { // ʮAmazon Simple Email ServiceʯΛ࢖༻ͯ͠ϝʔϧΛѻ͏Ϋϥε $this->mailClient = new AwsSes() // EmailSenderΫϥε͕AwsSesΫϥεʹґଘ͍ͯ͠Δ } public function sendRegisterMail($address, $text ) { $this->mailClient->send($address, $text) ; } }
28. &NBJM4FOEFS͕࣋ͭ՝୊ w ಛఆͷαʔϏεʢ͜ͷ৔߹͸"NB[PO
    4&4ʣʹґଘ͍ͯ͠Δɻ
    w αʔϏεΛม͑Δඞཁ͕ग़͖ͯͨΒɺ&NBJM4FOEFS಺෦ʹखΛೖΕ ͳͯ͘͸͍͚ͳ͍ɻ
    w &NBJM4FOEFSΫϥεͷςετʹ"XT4FTΫϥε΋ඞཁʹͳΔɻ
    w ςετͮ͠Β͍ঢ়ଶʹͳΔɻ
29. ͯ͞ɺͲ͏͢Δ͔ʁ DIͷ֓࿦
30. ྫɿ&NBJMΛૹ৴͢ΔΫϥεɾվ class EmailSender { private $mailClient ; public function __construct($client ) { $this->mailClient = $client; // αʔϏεΛѻ͏ΫϥεΛ֎෦͔Βࢦఆ͢ΔΑ͏ʹมߋ } public function sendRegisterMail($address, $text ) { $this->mailClient->send($address, $text) ; } } &NBJM4FOEFSͰ࢖༻͢ΔϝιουΛ
    JOUFSGBDFΛ࢖༻ͯ͠දݱ
31. &NBJMΛૹ৴͢ΔΠϯλϑΣʔεྫ interface iEmailClient { public function send($address, $text) ; } class AwsSes implements iEmailClient { private $mailClient ; public function __construct( ) { $this->mailClient = new AwsSes() ; } public function send($address, $text){ } } &NBJM4FOEFS͕ґଘ͢Δ෦෼Λ
    JOUFSGBDFͱͯ͠දݱ͠ɺ
    ґଘ౓ͷ௿ݮΛਤ͍ͬͯΔ
32. &NBJM4FOEFSΫϥεͷ%* w Ϋϥεࣗ਎͕ґଘઌΛܾΊΔͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺΫϥεΛѻ͏ଆ͕ґଘઌΛ ܾఆ͍ͯ͠Δɻ
    w ͜Ε͕ɺґଘؔ܎ʹର͢Δ੍ޚͷٯసɻ
    w ςετʹඞཁͳϞοΫ͕࡞Γ΍͘͢ͳΓɺςελϏϦςΟ΋޲্ͯ͠ ͍Δɻ
33. ͏ͬ͢Βͱཧղ͕ਐΜͩͱ͜ΖͰ
    ࿩୊Λগ͠ม͑·͢ DIͷ֓࿦
34. %*ʹର͢Δޡղ
35. %*Λௐ΂Α͏ͱͯ͠ݕࡧ͚ͨ͠Ͳɺ
    ݁ہΑ͘Θ͔Βͳ͔ͬͨɻ DIʹର͢Δޡղ
36. ͜Μͳܦݧ͸͋Γ·ͤΜͰ͔ͨ͠ʁ DIʹର͢Δޡղ
37. %*ʹର͢Δޡղ w %*͸ϢχοτςετΛࢧԉ͢Δͷ͕໨తͰ͋Δɻ
    w %*ʹ͸%*
    $POUBJOFSΛ࢖͏ඞཁ͕͋Δɻ
    w %*͸4FSWJDF-PDBUPSύλʔϯͰ͋Δɻ ޡղ͠΍͍͢ঢ়گ͕ଟ͍
38. ̍ͭͣͭݟ͍͖ͯ·͠ΐ͏ DIʹର͢Δޡղ
39. ςετΛࢧԉ͢Δͷ͕໨తͰ͸ͳ͍ w ςελϏϦςΟͷ޲্͸ͭͷଆ໘Ͱ͔͠ͳ͍ɻʮ໨తʯͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ ʮ݁ՌʯͰ͔͠ͳ͍ɻ
    w %*͸ʮૄ݁߹ͷ࣮ݱΛ໨తͱͨ͠σβΠϯύλʔϯʯͰ͋Δͱɺεϥ Πυͷ๯಄Ͱ΋ड़΂·ͨ͠ɻ
    w Ϋϥε΍Ϟδϡʔϧؒͷૄ݁߹Λ࣮ݱ͠ɺอकੑͷߴ͍ίʔυΛ࡞Δ ͜ͱ͕ςελϏϦςΟͷ޲্ʹܨ͕Δɻ
40. %*
    $POUBJOFS͸ඞਢͰ͸ͳ͍ w ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫଆ͕%*ίϯςφΛ࢖͏લఏͰ࢓૊ΈΛఏڙ͍ͯͯ͠ɺ ։ൃऀଆ͕ޡղͯ͠͠·͏ɻ
    w ޡͬͨղઆهࣄ΍4UBDL0WFS fl PXΛͨ·ͨ·ݟ͚ͭͯ͠·͏ɻ
41. %*
    $POUBJOFSʹ͍ͭͯ
    গ͚ͩ͠৮Ε͓͖ͯ·͢ DIʹର͢Δޡղ
42. %*
    $POUBJOFSͷ؆୯ͳઆ໌ w %*ύλʔϯΛαϙʔτ͢ΔϥΠϒϥϦͰ͢ɻ
    w ΦϒδΣΫτͷॳظԽ΍߹੒ɺϥΠϑλΠϜͷ؅ཧͱ͍ͬͨ໾ׂΛ ୲͍·͢ɻ
    w ґଘؔ܎Λఆ͓ٛͯ͘͜͠ͱͰɺΦϒδΣΫτಉ࢜ͷґଘղܾΛ $POUBJOFSଆʹ೚ͤΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɻ
    w ༷ʑͳݴޠʢ$ɺ+BWBɺ1)1ɺ(P౳ʣͰ։ൃ͕͞Ε͍ͯΔɻ
43. 4FSWJDF-PDBUPSύλʔϯͰ͸ͳ͍ w ͍ͣΕ΋Ϋϥεಉ࢜Λૄ݁߹ʹอͭ͜ͱΛ໨తͱͨ͠σβΠϯύλʔ ϯɻ໨త͸ಉ͕ͩ͡ɺґଘؔ܎ͷղܾख๏͕ҟͳΔɻ
    w %*͕4FSWJDF-PDBUPSͷҰ෦෼ͱ͍͏࿩Ͱ΋ͳ͍Ͱ͢ɻ
    w ࠞಉ͠΍͍͢ͷͰɺࠓճͷεϥΠυͷ࢒Γ͸%*ͱ4FSWJDF-PDBUPSύ λʔϯͷൺֱʹׂ͍͍ͯ·͢ɻ
44. 4FSWJDF-PDBUPSʹ͍ͭͯ
45. 4FSWJDF-PDBUPSͱ͸
    ґଘઌΛղܾ͢Δ໾ׂΛ࣋ͬͨ
    ΦϒδΣΫτ ServiceLocatorʹ͍ͭͯ
46. લड़ͨ͠&NBJM4FOEFS
    Λݩʹͨ͠ਤͰݟͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ ServiceLocatorʹ͍ͭͯ
47. %*ύλʔϯͰදݱͨ͠Ϋϥεਤ
48. 4FSWJDF-PDBUPSͰ දݱͨ͠Ϋϥεਤ w 4FSWJDF-PDBUPS͕௥Ճ ͞Ε͓ͯΓɺґଘઌͷ ղܾΛ୲౰͢Δɻ
49. %*ύλʔϯͱ4FSWJDF-PDBUPSύλʔϯ w %*ύλʔϯ͸ɺ&NBJM4FOEFSΫϥεͷґଘઌΛར༻ݩͰ͋Δ "QQMJDBUJPO͕ܾΊ͍ͯΔɻ
    w 4FSWJDF-PDBUPS͸ɺ&NBJM4FOEFSΫϥεͷґଘઌΛ4FSWJDF-PDBUPS ͕ܾΊ͍ͯΔɻ
    w &NBJM4FOEFSͱ"XT$MJFOUΛૄ݁߹ʹ͢Δ໨త͸ͲͪΒͷख๏Ͱ΋࣮ ݱͰ͖Δɻ
50. ൺֱͨ͠ॴײ w %*ύλʔϯͷํ͕࢖͍΍͍͢ͱࢥ͑·͢ɻ
    w 4FSWJDF-PDBUPS΁ͷґଘ͕ൃੜ͍ͯ͠ΔͷͰɺςετ͢ΔͨΊʹ 4FSWJDF-PDBUPSͷ࠶ݱʢϞοΫԽʣ͕ඞཁʹͳΔɻ
    w ґଘؔ܎ͷղܾΛҕͶΔͱ͍͏఺ʹஔ͍ͯ͸ɺ4FSWJDF-PDBUPSͱ%*
    $POUBJOFS͕ࣅͨ΋ͷʹࢥ͑Δɻ
    w ˞ࣗ෼ͷதͰݴޠԽ͖͠Εͯͳ͍ͷͰɺ͜͜͸ҙݟΛٻΊ͍ͨͱ͜Ζɻ
51. ຊ೔ͷ·ͱΊ
52. ຊ೔ͷ·ͱΊ w %*͸ૄ݁߹ͷ࣮ݱΛ໨తͱͨ͠σβΠϯύλʔϯɻ
    w *OWFSTJPO
    PG
    $POUSPMͷͭͷଆ໘ΛσβΠϯύλʔϯͱ໋໊ͯ͠͠ ͨͷ͕ɺʮ%*
    
    %FQFOEFODZ
    *OKFDUJPOʯɻ
    w %*
    $POUBJOFS͸%*ύλʔϯΛαϙʔτ͢ΔϥΠϒϥϦɻ
    w 4FSWJDF-PDBUPS͸%*ͱ໨త͸ಉ͕ͩ͡ɺख๏͕ҟͳΔσβΠϯύ λʔϯɻ
53. ࢀߟจݙ • ʮDependency Injection Principles, Practices, and Patternsʯ • https://www.amazon.com/dp/161729473X • ※ O’Reilly online learningͰಡΊ·͢ɻ • https://martinfowler.com/bliki/InversionOfControl.html • https://martinfowler.com/articles/injection.html
54. %FQFOEFODZ
    *OKFDUJPO
    Λཧղ͢Δॿ͚ʹͳΕ͹޾͍Ͱ͢ɻ
55. ൃදʹର͢ΔϑΟʔυόοΫ͸ େ׻ܴͰ͢ʂ
56. ͝ਗ਼ௌ͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·ͨ͠ʂ