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Complex Societies and the Growth of the Law
Janis Beckedorf, Michael Bommarito, Corinna Coupette, Dirk Hartung & Daniel Martin Katz
Presentation at Stanford CodeX 2021 - Law, Education and Experience Talks (LEX)
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Janis Beckedorf
Heidelberg University
Corinna Coupette
Max Planck Institute
for Informatics
Daniel M. Katz
Illinois Tech Chicago-Kent
Bucerius Law School
Stanford CodeX
Dirk Hartung
Bucerius Law School
Stanford CodeX
Overall Research Group
Michael Bommarito
Stanford CodeX
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buceri.us/techcenter
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We believe that Legal Complexity is a key underlying dynamic
The inability to scale human capital alone to the scope and
complexity of legal rule systems
Demand for Legal Technology, Design, Informatics, Process
Engineering are (in part) responses to increasing legal
complexity
Relationship Between Legal Complexity and
Legal Innovation
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WHAT IS
Legal
Complexity?
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HOW MIGHT WE MEASURE
Legal
Complexity?
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Daniel Martin Katz & Michael Bommarito, Measuring
the complexity of the law: the United States Code,
Artificial intelligence and law, 22(4), 337-374. (2014)
Michael Bommarito & Daniel Martin Katz, A
Mathematical Approach to the Study of the United
States Code. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and
its Applications, 389 (19), 4195-4200 (2010).
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Here Katz/Bommarito ONLY
investigated a single
temporal snapshot of the
2010 US Code in an effort to
explore its complexity
Daniel Martin Katz & Michael Bommarito, Measuring
the complexity of the law: the United States Code,
Artificial intelligence and law, 22(4), 337-374. (2014)
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Daniel Martin Katz, Corinna Coupette, Janis Beckedorf & Dirk Hartung,
Complex Societies and the Growth of the Law,
10 Scientific Reports 18737 (2020)
< Nature Research >
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“We analyze the time
series across both US
and Germany over the
past 25 years
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Abs. 2
§ 858
Abschnitt 1
Buch 3
BGB
§ 859
Abs. 4
Hierarchy
Reference
Sequence
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Summary Statistics (2018)
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Substantial Growth
Germany
USA
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“But where is the Growth ?
And how do we characterize
this as time ticks forward ?
Research interest
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Nodes
> Chapters of the US Code in 2018
> Size depends on the text length
Edges
> Cross-references from one
Chapter to another
> Opacity depends on the count of
cross-references
Chapter Quotient Graph
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“Can we get a more
expressive grouping?
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Clustering with Infomap
Source: Rosvall, M., Axelsson, D. & Bergstrom, C. The map equation. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 178, 13–23 (2009).
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Cluster Quotient Graphs
...
…
[annual]
1994 2018
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“Now we can trace the
clusters over time …
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Clustering – Family Graph
> Multiple possible resolutions
> Color by connected component
= cluster family
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In our latest paper, we have added the
Regulations to the Statutes …
Over more than two decades, this adds
over a billion of words (tokens) to the
analysis …
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J.B. Ruhl
Vanderbilt Law
Pierpaolo Vivo
King’s College
The Physics of Law
Legal Systems Through the Prism of Complexity Science
Dan Katz
Chicago-Kent
Publication in
Frontiers in Physics
(H1 2021)
physicsoflaw.com
Nov 12–13, 2020
20
Papers
62
Authors
650+
Registrations
292
Participants
(>30 Min.)
48
Countries
Dirk Hartung
Bucerius Law
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Methods
Paper with
exemplary
application
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3773130
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Growth:
Better Picture
including Regs
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No content
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Meso:
Families /
Topics
Germany
United
States
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Micro: Section Types
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Micro: Section Types
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Source: Coupette/Fleckner, Festschrift 25 Jahre WpHG, De Gruyter, 2019
Wertpapierhandelsgesetz (Securities Trading Act)
1995 2007
2019
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Profiles: Securities Trading Act
(Wertpapierhandelsgesetz)
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Profiles:
Reliance +
Responsibility
Dodd-Frank Act
(United States)
Securities Trading Act
(Germany)
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Macro: Legal Networks are Interesting Networks
In-Only
Component
Out-Only
Component
Strongly
Connected
Component
Social, Bio Networks and Internet: Bowties
IN SCC
T&T
T&T
OUT
Legal Docs Network: Rocket
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Legal Complexity Research
Federal
State
Local
Legislative Executive Judiciary
International
Advanced methods
leading to
interdisciplinarily
relevant insights
Private Law (e.g. Contracts, etc.)
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Complex Societies and the Growth of the Law
Janis Beckedorf, Michael Bommarito, Corinna Coupette, Dirk Hartung & Daniel Martin Katz
Presentation at Stanford CodeX 2021 - Law, Education and Experience Talks (LEX)