GraphQL で変わったこと・変わらなかったこと / graphql changing and unchanging

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GraphQL ͰมΘͬͨ͜ͱɾ มΘΒͳ͔ͬͨ͜ͱ 2020-06-02 ٢঵ࣉ.pm22 @qsona

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whoami • @qsona • Web Developer at Quipper Limited • ͖ͪͽʔॳࢀՃ!!! ͏Ε͍͠!!! ٢঵ࣉԕ͍!!!

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ࠓ೔ͷ࿩ • ͜Ε·ͰԿ౓͔ GraphQL & Rails Ͱ API ։ൃΛͯ͠  ຊ൪ϦϦʔεͨ͠ • RESTful ࣌୅ͱʮมΘͬͨ͜ͱɾมΘΒͳ͔ͬͨ͜ͱʯ  ʹ͍ͭͯ࿩͍ͨ͠

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લఏ • Web API ͸ Internal use Λ૝ఆ͢Δ • πʔϧɾΤίγεςϜͷ࿩͸Ұ੾͠ͳ͍ • APIͷઃܭɾ࣮૷ͷ࿩͚ͩ • ਅͷREST (Hypermedia API) ͷ࿩͸͠ͳ͍

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Web API ͷઃܭख๏ • Usecase ϕʔε • Resource ϕʔε

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Usecase-based Web API • ΫϥΠΞϯτͷϢʔεέʔεʹ߹Θͤͯ Web API Λ࡞Δ • Ϣʔεέʔε ≒ ը໘ • ໰୊఺ • ࣅͨΑ͏ͳAPI͕ཚཱ͠΍͍͢ • ຖ౓API࡞Δͷ͕໘౗ =>  ෳ਺ͷϢʔεέʔεʹରԠ͢Δ ਆAPI ͕Ͱ͖Δ܏޲

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Resource-based Web API • ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͦͷ΋ͷͷ࢓༷ʹ߹Θͤͯ Web API Λ࡞Δ • (جຊతʹ͸ API ఏڙଆͷ౎߹Ͱ࡞Δ)

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Resource-based Web API • ໰୊఺: ΫϥΠΞϯτͷϢʔεέʔεʹ߹Θͳ͍͕࣌͋Δ • 1ը໘Ͱෳ਺ͷAPIϦΫΤετ͕ඞཁʹͳͬͨΓ • ٯʹ1ϦΫΤετதͰෆཁͳϑΟʔϧυ΋ؚΊͯऔͬͯ͠·͏͜ͱ͕͋Δ • (=> ύϑΥʔϚϯεͷѱԽ) • Resource ͕ࡉ͔͘ͳΓ͗ͯ͢ (ςʔϒϧ୯ҐͳͲ)  ΫϥΠΞϯτ͔Β࢖͍ʹ͍͘͜ͱ͕͋Δ

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Resource • ݸਓతʹɺ  Recourse-based API ʹ͓͍ͯ  JSONͷ1֊૚͝ͱͷ෦෼Λ Resource ͱݺΜͰ͍·͢

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RESTful ࣌୅ͷࢦ਑

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RESTful ࣌୅ͷࢦ਑ • جຊతʹ Resource ϕʔεΛબ୒͢Δ • Resource Λద੾ͳཻ౓Ͱఏڙ͢Δ • ςʔϒϧ୯ҐͰ͸ͳ͍ • ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ্ͷυϝΠϯϞσϧΛߟ࡯͠ɺͦΕʹ߹ΘͤΔ • Ͳ͏ͯ͠΋ඞཁͳΒผ్ Usecase ༻ͷ endpoint Λੜ΍͢

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GraphQL • Schema ͕ Type ͷ άϥϑߏ଄ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ • query Ͱ ﬁeld Λࢦఆ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺ  άϥϑͷதͷऔಘ͢Δ෦෼ΛࢦఆͰ͖Δ

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GraphQL ࣌୅ͷࢦ਑ • GraphQL Type ͕ Resource Λද͢ • query ͕ Usecase Λද͢ • Query Type ͷ ﬁeld ͕ endpoint Ͱ͋Δ • ͭ·ΓɺResource ϕʔεͷAPIͱ Usecase ϕʔεͷAPIͷ  ྑ͍ͱ͜ΖΛཱ྆Ͱ͖Δ!

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RESTful => GraphQL Ͱ มΘΒͳ͔ͬͨ͜ͱ

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มΘΒͳ͔ͬͨ͜ͱ • ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷυϝΠϯΛ͖ͪΜͱߟ࡯ͯ͠ɺ  Resource Λద੾ͳཻ౓ʹ͢Δ͜ͱ • Fat Controller, Fat Serializer Λආ͚Δ͜ͱ • Model ෦෼ͷઃܭख๏

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RESTful => GraphQL Ͱ มΘͬͨ͜ͱ

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ແ

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มΘͬͨ͜ͱ • ઃܭɾ࣮૷ϨϕϧͰมΘΔ͜ͱ͸΄ͱΜͲͳ͔ͬͨ • RESTful ͷͱ͖ͱରԠ͢Δ֓೦͕͋Δ • ͱ͸͍͑ɺසग़ͷ໰୊͸...? • N+1 ໰୊ • HTTP endpoint ͕શͯ POST /graphql ʹͳΔ໰୊

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N+1໰୊ • Query.users Λ resolve • ͦͷ1݅ͣͭʹରͯ͠ User.jobs Λ  resolve

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N+1໰୊ • ಉ͡໰୊͸ RESTful Ͱ΋ى͖Δ • GraphQL ʹ͓͍ͯͳͥΫϩʔζΞο ϓ͞ΕΔ?

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N+1໰୊ • GraphQL ʹ͓͍ͯ͸ӈͷΑ͏ʹɺ  ΫϥΠΞϯτ͔Β2௨ΓͷऔΓํ͕γϡο ͱͰ͖Δɺͭ·Γศར • ศར͔ͩΒى͖͍ͯΔ͚ͩ • ղܾ๏: Batch Loader ͱݺ͹ΕΔ࢓૊Έ • Ruby: shopify/graphql-batch

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HTTP endpoint ͕શͯ POST /graphql ʹͳΔ໰୊ • Persisted Query ͱݺ͹ΕΔ࢓૊ΈͰղܾͰ͖Δ • ࣄલ / ϥϯλΠϜ ʹΫΤϦΛొ࿥͢Δ

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ઃܭ/(୯७ͳ)࣮૷ΑΓ֎ͷ࿩ The NEXT of REST - onk.ninja https://blog.onk.ninja/2017/09/21/the_next_of_rest

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͜͜ͰҰ۟ ා͘ͳ͍ GraphQL is Better REST