GraphQL で変わったこと・変わらなかったこと / graphql changing and unchanging

吉祥寺.pm22 https://kichijojipm.connpass.com/event/177459/

Transcript

1. GraphQL ͰมΘͬͨ͜ͱɾ
   มΘΒͳ͔ͬͨ͜ͱ
   2020-06-02 ٢঵ࣉ.pm22
   @qsona
   

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2. whoami
   • @qsona
   • Web Developer at Quipper Limited
   • ͖ͪͽʔॳࢀՃ!!! ͏Ε͍͠!!! ٢঵ࣉԕ͍!!!
   

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3. ࠓ೔ͷ࿩
   • ͜Ε·ͰԿ౓͔ GraphQL & Rails Ͱ API ։ൃΛͯ͠

   ຊ൪ϦϦʔεͨ͠
   • RESTful ࣌୅ͱʮมΘͬͨ͜ͱɾมΘΒͳ͔ͬͨ͜ͱʯ

   ʹ͍ͭͯ࿩͍ͨ͠
   

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4. લఏ
   • Web API ͸ Internal use Λ૝ఆ͢Δ
   • πʔϧɾΤίγεςϜͷ࿩͸Ұ੾͠ͳ͍
   • APIͷઃܭɾ࣮૷ͷ࿩͚ͩ
   • ਅͷREST (Hypermedia API) ͷ࿩͸͠ͳ͍
   

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5. Web API ͷઃܭख๏
   • Usecase ϕʔε
   • Resource ϕʔε
   

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6. Usecase-based Web API
   • ΫϥΠΞϯτͷϢʔεέʔεʹ߹Θͤͯ Web API Λ࡞Δ
   • Ϣʔεέʔε ≒ ը໘
   • ໰୊఺
   • ࣅͨΑ͏ͳAPI͕ཚཱ͠΍͍͢
   • ຖ౓API࡞Δͷ͕໘౗ =>

   ෳ਺ͷϢʔεέʔεʹରԠ͢Δ ਆAPI ͕Ͱ͖Δ܏޲
   

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7. Resource-based Web API
   • ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͦͷ΋ͷͷ࢓༷ʹ߹Θͤͯ Web API Λ࡞Δ
   • (جຊతʹ͸ API ఏڙଆͷ౎߹Ͱ࡞Δ)
   

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8. Resource-based Web API
   • ໰୊఺: ΫϥΠΞϯτͷϢʔεέʔεʹ߹Θͳ͍͕࣌͋Δ
   • 1ը໘Ͱෳ਺ͷAPIϦΫΤετ͕ඞཁʹͳͬͨΓ
   • ٯʹ1ϦΫΤετதͰෆཁͳϑΟʔϧυ΋ؚΊͯऔͬͯ͠·͏͜ͱ͕͋Δ
   • (=> ύϑΥʔϚϯεͷѱԽ)
   • Resource ͕ࡉ͔͘ͳΓ͗ͯ͢ (ςʔϒϧ୯ҐͳͲ)

   ΫϥΠΞϯτ͔Β࢖͍ʹ͍͘͜ͱ͕͋Δ
   

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9. Resource
   • ݸਓతʹɺ

   Recourse-based API ʹ͓͍ͯ

   JSONͷ1֊૚͝ͱͷ෦෼Λ
   Resource ͱݺΜͰ͍·͢
   

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10. RESTful ࣌୅ͷࢦ਑
    

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11. RESTful ࣌୅ͷࢦ਑
    • جຊతʹ Resource ϕʔεΛબ୒͢Δ
    • Resource Λద੾ͳཻ౓Ͱఏڙ͢Δ
    • ςʔϒϧ୯ҐͰ͸ͳ͍
    • ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ্ͷυϝΠϯϞσϧΛߟ࡯͠ɺͦΕʹ߹ΘͤΔ
    • Ͳ͏ͯ͠΋ඞཁͳΒผ్ Usecase ༻ͷ endpoint Λੜ΍͢
    

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12. GraphQL
    • Schema ͕ Type ͷ άϥϑߏ଄ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ
    • query Ͱ field Λࢦఆ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺ

    άϥϑͷதͷऔಘ͢Δ෦෼ΛࢦఆͰ͖Δ
    

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13. GraphQL ࣌୅ͷࢦ਑
    • GraphQL Type ͕ Resource Λද͢
    • query ͕ Usecase Λද͢
    • Query Type ͷ field ͕ endpoint Ͱ͋Δ
    • ͭ·ΓɺResource ϕʔεͷAPIͱ Usecase ϕʔεͷAPIͷ

    ྑ͍ͱ͜ΖΛཱ྆Ͱ͖Δ!
    

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14. RESTful => GraphQL Ͱ
    มΘΒͳ͔ͬͨ͜ͱ
    

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15. มΘΒͳ͔ͬͨ͜ͱ
    • ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷυϝΠϯΛ͖ͪΜͱߟ࡯ͯ͠ɺ

    Resource Λద੾ͳཻ౓ʹ͢Δ͜ͱ
    • Fat Controller, Fat Serializer Λආ͚Δ͜ͱ
    • Model ෦෼ͷઃܭख๏
    

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16. RESTful => GraphQL Ͱ
    มΘͬͨ͜ͱ
    

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17. ແ
    

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18. มΘͬͨ͜ͱ
    • ઃܭɾ࣮૷ϨϕϧͰมΘΔ͜ͱ͸΄ͱΜͲͳ͔ͬͨ
    • RESTful ͷͱ͖ͱରԠ͢Δ֓೦͕͋Δ
    • ͱ͸͍͑ɺසग़ͷ໰୊͸...?
    • N+1 ໰୊
    • HTTP endpoint ͕શͯ POST /graphql ʹͳΔ໰୊
    

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19. N+1໰୊
    • Query.users Λ resolve
    • ͦͷ1݅ͣͭʹରͯ͠ User.jobs Λ

    resolve
    

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20. N+1໰୊
    • ಉ͡໰୊͸ RESTful Ͱ΋ى͖Δ
    • GraphQL ʹ͓͍ͯͳͥΫϩʔζΞο
    ϓ͞ΕΔ?
    

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21. N+1໰୊
    • GraphQL ʹ͓͍ͯ͸ӈͷΑ͏ʹɺ

    ΫϥΠΞϯτ͔Β2௨ΓͷऔΓํ͕γϡο
    ͱͰ͖Δɺͭ·Γศར
    • ศར͔ͩΒى͖͍ͯΔ͚ͩ
    • ղܾ๏: Batch Loader ͱݺ͹ΕΔ࢓૊Έ
    • Ruby: shopify/graphql-batch
    

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22. HTTP endpoint ͕શͯ
    POST /graphql ʹͳΔ໰୊
    • Persisted Query ͱݺ͹ΕΔ࢓૊ΈͰղܾͰ͖Δ
    • ࣄલ / ϥϯλΠϜ ʹΫΤϦΛొ࿥͢Δ
    

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23. ઃܭ/(୯७ͳ)࣮૷ΑΓ֎ͷ࿩
    The NEXT of REST - onk.ninja https://blog.onk.ninja/2017/09/21/the_next_of_rest
    

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24. ͜͜ͰҰ۟
    ා͘ͳ͍ GraphQL is Better REST
    

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