はてなブックマークAndroidアプリでのKotlin導入

by Takuji Nishibayashi

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͸ͯͳϒοΫϚʔΫ AndroidΞϓϦͰͷ Kotlinಋೖ id:takuji31 @Kan Java party 2017

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஫ҙࣄ߲ • AndroidΞϓϦ։ൃͷલఏ஌ࣝͱͳΔΑ͏ͳ ෦෼ͷղઆ͸͠·ͤΜ • ͜ͷεϥΠυʹॻ͔Ε͍ͯΔKotlinͷίʔυ΍ ࢓༷͸όʔδϣϯ1.1.2࣌఺ͷ΋ͷͰ͢

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ࣗݾ঺հ • ੢ྛ ୓ࢤ (ʹ͠͹΍͠ ͨ͘͡) • (hatena|twitter|github) takuji31 • גࣜձࣾ͸ͯͳ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΤϯδχΞ • ͸ͯͳϒοΫϚʔΫΞϓϦνʔϜॴଐ

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ࣗݾ঺հ • Android։ൃ 2010೥2݄ʙ • Kotlin 2014೥12݄ʙ • iOS΍Webͷ։ൃ΋ᅂΉ

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׆ಈ • Koreference • KotlinͰSharedPreferencesͷϞσϧΛ࡞Δ ϥΠϒϥϦʔ • Kansai.kt ӡӦ

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ϓϥΠϕʔτ • Χϝϥপॅਓ • ϚΠϘ΢ϥʔ (AVG175) • ࠷ۙ͏͗͞Λࣂ͍࢝Ί·ͨ͠ • ΞΠίϯ͸͏ͪͷࢠͰ͢

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ͱ͜ΖͰ

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Έͳ͞ΜAndroidΞϓϦ ։ൃͯ͠·͔͢ʁ

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Kotlinॻ͍ͯ·͔͢ʁ

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ࠓ೔͸AndroidΞϓϦ։ൃʹ Ͳ͏΍ͬͯKotlinΛಋೖͯ͠ ͍͔͘Λ࿩͠·͢

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AGENDA • Kotlinʹ͍ͭͯ • ͸ͯͳϒοΫϚʔΫʹ͍ͭͯ • ͸ͯͳϒοΫϚʔΫΞϓϦνʔϜͷߏ੒ • Kotlinಋೖ·ͰͷಓͷΓ • Kotlinͷಋೖͱͦͷޙ • KotlinԽͰى͖Δ໰୊ • KotlinͷݴޠػೳΛ׆༻͢Δ

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Kotlin ʹ͍ͭͯ

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JetBrainsࣾ (IntelliJ IDEAͷ։ൃݩ) ͕ ։ൃ͢Δݴޠ

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Kotlinͷಛ௃ • Swift like ͳه๏ • Null safety • ܕਪ࿦ • ϓϩύςΟʔ • ϥϜμࣜ

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Kotlinͷಛ௃ • ֦ுؔ਺ / ֦ுϓϩύςΟʔ • data class / sealed class • delegation • Coroutine (ex. async/await)

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ଟ਺ͷϞμϯͳػೳΛ උ͍͑ͯΔ

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Google I/O 2017Ͱ Android ΞϓϦͷެࣜ։ൃݴޠʹ

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͸ͯͳϒοΫϚʔΫ ʹ͍ͭͯ

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גࣜձࣾ͸ͯͳ͕ӡӦ͢Δ ιʔγϟϧϒοΫϚʔΫ αʔϏε

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Web Android iOS ϒϥ΢βʔ֦ு

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Web͸ScalaͰͷϦχϡʔΞ ϧ͕ਐߦத

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AndroidΞϓϦ͸ઌ೔ Ϧϊϕʔγϣϯ (େن໛ϦϑΝΫλϦϯά) ͕׬ྃ㊗

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http://developer.hatenastaff.com/entry/ 2017/05/26/192200

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͸ͯͳϒοΫϚʔΫ ΞϓϦνʔϜ ʹ͍ͭͯ

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ϝϯόʔߏ੒ • σΟϨΫλʔ • ϓϥϯφʔ • σβΠφʔ • Android / iOSΞϓϦ྆ํͷσβΠϯ୲౰

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ϝϯόʔߏ੒ • ΤϯδχΞ3໊ • Swiftίϛολʔ • όϦόϦͷAndroidΞϓϦΤϯδχΞ(iOSษڧத) • takuji31 • AndroidΞϓϦͷϝΠϯ୲౰͸takuji31

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ΤϯδχΞ͸શ෦΍Δ

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શ෦ • AndroidΞϓϦ • iOSΞϓϦ • API • اը΍ΞΠσΟΞग़͠ɺνʔϜӡӦʹ΋खΛग़ ͢

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ࣾ಺Ͱ࠷΋ΞΫςΟϒͳϞό ΠϧΞϓϦ։ൃνʔϜ

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Kotlin ಋೖ·ͰͷಓͷΓ

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͸ͯͳͰͷ৽ٕज़ (ݴޠ΍ϛυϧ΢ΣΞ) ಋೖ

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ಋೖ·Ͱ • ΤϯδχΞ͕ىҊ • ٕज़ձͰಋೖͷੋඇ͕ٞ࿦͞ΕΔ • CTO͕ঝೝ

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Kotlinͷ৔߹ • I/O Keynote͕ऴΘͬͨ௚ޙͷேɺKotlinಋೖ ىҊ (5/18) • ٕज़ձ • ঝೝ (5/19) • ͜͜·Ͱ͓Αͦ1೔൒

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Kotlin+͸ͯϒͷ৔߹ • (ि໌͚ͯ) 22೔͸νʔϜͷD͕ෆࡏͩͬͨͷ Ͱ1ճٳΈ • 23೔ேʹDͱձ࿩ͯ͠ಋೖܾఆ • ଈ೔ಋೖ

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Kotlin ಋೖͱͦͷޙ

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͍Α͍ΑKotlinಋೖ

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खॱ • طଘͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛͲ͏KotlinԽ͍ͯ͠ ͔͘ߟ͑Δ • ಋೖ • KotlinԽ

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طଘͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛͲ ͏KotlinԽ͍͔ͯ͘͠

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Ξϓϩʔν • શ෦Ұؾʹม׵͢Δ • ৽نίʔυ͚ͩKotlinͰॻ͘ • ৽نίʔυΛKotlinͰॻ͖ͭͭɺؔ࿈͢Δ෦෼ Λม׵͢Δ

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શ෦Ұؾʹஔ͖׵͑Δ

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શ෦Ұؾʹஔ͖׵͑Δ • ·ͱΊͯKotlinϓϥάΠϯͷࣗಈม׵Λߦ͏ • ৽نίʔυ͸΋ͪΖΜKotlin

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ϝϦοτ • શ෦ஔ͖׵ΘͬͯεοΩϦ͢Δ • Javaͱͷ૬ޓӡ༻Λߟ͑Δඞཁ͕ͳ͘ͳΔ • ؾ͍͍࣋ͪ

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σϝϦοτ • diff͕ഁ໓͢Δ • Ұؾʹม׵ࣗಈม׵ͷखͷಧ͔ͳ͍ͱ͜Ζ ΛखಈͰमਖ਼޻਺∞ • ஔ͖׵Θͬͨͷ͸จ๏͚ͩͰɺKotlinΒ͍͠ॻ ͖ํ͸Կ΋Ͱ͖͍ͯͳ͍

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࿘ອͰ͢Ͷ

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৽نίʔυ͚ͩKotlinͰॻ͘

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৽نίʔυ͚ͩKotlinͰॻ͘ • ৽͍͠ϑΝΠϧ͚ͩKotlinʹ͢Δ • طଘͷJavaίʔυ͸ϊʔλον • طଘ෦෼ͷमਖ਼͸ͦͷ··JavaͰॻ͘

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ϝϦοτ • ม׵ʹΑΔdiff͕ͳ͍ • KotlinͷֶशϖʔεΛίϯτϩʔϧ͠΍͍͢ • ͱΓ͋͑ͣ෼͔Βͳ͔ͬͨΒJavaͰॻ͍ͨΒ ͍͍ͱ͍͏͜ͱʹͰ͖Δ • ม׵޻਺θϩ

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σϝϦοτ • ಋೖײബ͍ • Javaͱͷ૬ޓӡ༻Λҙࣝͨ͠ίʔυΛॻ͔ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ • JavaͱKotlinͰ಄ͷίϯςΩετεΠον͕ൃੜ͢ΔͷͰ͋·Γੜ ࢈ੑ͸ग़ͳ͍ʢݸਓͷײ૝Ͱ͢ʣ • ݁ہJava͹͔ͬΓॻ͔ΕͨΓ͢Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ • Ϟμϯͳػೳ͕࢖͍ͮΒ͔ͬͨΓ͢Δʢ֦ுؔ਺ͱ͔ʣ • ؾ࣋ͪΑ͘ͳ͍

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҆શࡦͬͯ ײ͡Ͱ͢Ͷ

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৽نίʔυΛKotlinͰॻ͖ͭ ͭɺؔ࿈͢Δ෦෼Λม׵͢Δ

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৽نKotlinʴม׵ • ৽نίʔυ͸KotlinͰॻ͘ • ͦͷίʔυΛݺͼग़͢ઌ΍ɺͦ͜Ͱ࢖͏ίʔ υΛKotlinʹม׵͢Δ • طଘͷΫϥεʹϝιουΛ௥Ճ͢ΔΑ͏ͳ࣌ ʹ΋Kotlinʹม׵͢Δ

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ϝϦοτ • ൺֱతߴ͍ಋೖײ • ͻͨ͢ΒKotlinΛॻ͚Δ • Javaͱͷ૬ޓӡ༻Λ΄ͱΜͲҙࣝ͠ͳͯ͘Α ͘ͳΔ • ؾ͍͍࣋ͪ

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σϝϦοτ • diff͸·͊·͍͊͢͜͝ͱʹͳΔ • ͋ͳͨͱKotlinࠓֶ͙͢शɺͱ͍͏ײ͡ʹͳΔ • ม׵ίετ͸͋Δ • Ͳ͜·Ͱม׵͢Δ͔ͷઢҾ͖͕೉͍͠

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όϥϯε͕ ྑͦ͞͏Ͱ͢Ͷ

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Ξϓϩʔν • શ෦Ұؾʹม׵͢Δ • ৽نίʔυ͚ͩKotlinͰॻ͘ • ৽نίʔυΛKotlinͰॻ͖ͭͭɺؔ࿈͢Δ෦෼ ΛKotlinʹม׵ ࠾༻

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ಋೖ

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Gradleͷઃఆ Λ௥Ճ

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Tools Kotlin Conﬁgure Kotlin in Project

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͋ͱ͸ Android Studioʹ೚ͤͯ ͓͚͹ऴΘΔ

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aptΛkaptʹ ஔ͖׵͑Δ

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Kotlin޲͚ͷ ϥΠϒϥϦʔಋೖ

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ϥΠϒϥϦʔΛಋೖ͢Δ͔ • KotlinͷݴޠػೳΛ࠷େݶ׆༻͢ΔͨΊʹ͸ඞ ཁ • KotlinΦϯϦʔͷϥΠϒϥϦʔ͸ΞΫςΟϒͳ ΋ͷ͕গͳ͍ͷͰ͸ʁ • KotlinͷݴޠόʔδϣϯͷมߋʹϥΠϒϥϦʔ ͕͍͍͚ͭͯΔ͔ʁ

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ಋೖͷࢦ਑ • طଘϥΠϒϥϦʔͷ֦ு͸ੵۃతʹಋೖͯ͠ ͍͘ • KotlinΦϯϦʔͷϥΠϒϥϦʔ͸৻ॏʹબͿ

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KotlinԽʹ౰ͨͬͯಋೖͨ͠ϥΠϒ ϥϦʔୈ1஄ • RxKotlin • RxJavaͷKotlin֦ு • ศརͳ֦ுؔ਺܈

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KotlinԽʹ౰ͨͬͯಋೖͨ͠ϥΠϒ ϥϦʔୈ1஄ • PaperParcel • Java੡ͷParcelableࣗಈੜ੒ϥΠϒϥϦʔ • ͜Ε·Ͱ͸IDEͷࣗಈੜ੒ͰͳΜͱ͔͍ͯͨ͠ • ͔͔ͤͬͩ͘Βboilerplate codeݮΒ͍ͨ͠ͷͰಋೖ • Kotlinͷdata classαϙʔτ • ଞͷParcelableܥϥΠϒϥϦʔΑΓKotlinͱͷ૬ੑ͕Α͔ͬͨ

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KotlinԽʹ౰ͨͬͯಋೖͨ͠ϥΠϒ ϥϦʔୈ1஄ • Koreference • ੿࡞ • SharedPreferencesΛ͍͍ײ͡ʹModelͬΆ͘ѻ͏ϥΠϒϥϦʔ • ϓϩύςΟʔΛఆٛ͢Δ͚ͩͰSharedPreferencesͷ஋Λૢ࡞Ͱ͖Δ • RxJava2ʹΑΔมߋ஋؂ࢹαϙʔτ • ͱʹ͔͘खͰSharedPreferencesͷॲཧॻ͖ͨ͘ͳ͍ͷͰಋೖ • υοάϑʔσΟϯά΋݉Ͷͯ

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ϥΠηϯεදه

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Kotlin͸Apache2ϥΠηϯ ε

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ඪ४ϥΠϒϥϦʔ͕ґଘͰ ೖΔͷͰϥΠηϯε΋දه ͠·͠ΐ͏

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KotlinԽ

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·ͣ͸ࢼͯ͠Έͨ

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৽͍͠ActivityΛKotlinͰ

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৽͍͠ActivityΛKotlinͰ • ৽نϑΝΠϧϝχϡʔͷKotlin ActivityΛબ୒ • Ұ୴ଞͷΫϥε͸ม׵ͤͣʹActivity͚ͩ KotlinͰॻ͘ • Pull Request -> merge

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طଘͷRepositoryʹ ϝιουΛ௥Ճ͢Δ

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طଘͷRepositoryʹϝιουΛ ௥Ճ͢Δ • ΫϥεϑΝΠϧΛCode Convert Java ﬁle to Kotlin ﬁleͰKotlinʹ ม׵ • KotlinΒ͘͠ॻ͚Δͱ͜Ζ͸ॻ͖׵͑Δ • ֦ுؔ਺ • ϓϩύςΟʔ • ϥϜμࣜ • Repository͔Βฦ͢model͸Kotlinͷdata class

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طଘͷRepositoryʹϝιουΛ ௥Ճ͢Δ • ϩδοΫͷ࣮૷ • Pull Request merge

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Kotlin ಋೖͰى͖Δ໰୊

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diffഁ໓໰୊

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ΫϥεAΛJava Kotlin ͢Δ = A.java Λফͯ͠ A.ktΛ௥Ճ

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2ഒͷdiff

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ίʔυͷमਖ਼ΛೖΕͨΒɺ ߋʹͦͷத͔ΒมߋΛݟ͚ͭ ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ɻ

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ม׵͚ͩઌʹ΍͓ͬͯ͘ (Pull RequestΛ෼͚Δ)

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gitྺ࢙ফ໓໰୊

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ม׵͢Δ͜ͱͰผϑΝΠϧʹ ͳΔͷͰɺgitͷཤྺ͕௥͑ͳ ͘ͳΔ

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ࣗಈม׵͕gitͰrenameѻ͍ ʹͳΕ͹ϥοΩʔ͕ͩɺͦ͏ ͍͏ϑΝΠϧ͸ن໛͕খ͍͞ ͷͰࠔΒͳ͍͜ͱ͕ଟ͍

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࠷ѱͷղܾํ๏

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.ktʹϦωʔϜͯ͠ίϛοτ .javaʹ໭ͯ͠ม׵ͯ͠ ίϛοτ

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͜ͷํ๏Ͱ git log --follow Ͱ௥͑ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔ

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(࢖ͬͯͳ͍)

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ϨϏϡʔίετ ߴ͗͢໰୊

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ίʔυϨϏϡϫʔ͕Kotlinʹ ׳Εͯͳ͗ͯ͢͞ϨϏϡʔਫ਼ ౓͕Լ͕ͬͨΓɺεϐʔυ͕ མͪΔ

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׳Εͷ໰୊

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ϒοΫϚʔΫΞϓϦνʔϜ Ͱ͸ϖΞͰίʔυϨϏϡʔ

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ձ࿩Ͱٙ໰Λղܾ

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Kotlinॻ͚ͳ͍໰୊

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͍͖ͳΓ৽͍͠ݴޠॻ͚ͳ͍ (౰ͨΓલ)

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ॻ͚Δਓ͕νʔϜʹ1,2ਓ͔͠ ͍ͳ͍…ʁ

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ಛʹJavaҎ֎ॻ͍ͨ͜ͱ͕ ͳ͍ɺͱ͍͏ਓ

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≒ Ϟμϯͳݴޠͷॻ͖ํ͕෼ ͔Βͳ͍

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ॻ͚Δਓͱ ϖΞϓϩɺϖΞϨϏϡʔ ͠·͠ΐ͏

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ϒοΫϚʔΫΞϓϦνʔϜ͸ ͳΜͱͳ͘ॻ͚Δਓ͕ ἧ͍ͬͯͨ☺

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୭΋ॻ͚Δਓ͕͍ͳ͍ͳΒ ·ͣಋೖલʹֶशͯ͘͠Εʂ

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kotlinlang.org/docs/ reference/

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try.kotlinlang.org

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Kotlin ͷݴޠػೳΛ ׆༻͢Δ

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Property

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Πϯελϯεͷঢ়ଶΛ ද͢࢓૊Έ

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getter (+setter) (+ backing ﬁeld)

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Property class User(id: Long, name: String) {  val id: Long  var name: String  var registered: Boolean = false    init {  this.id = id  this.name = name  }    } 

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Property class User(id: Long, name: String) {  val id: Long  var name: String  var registered: Boolean = false    init {  this.id = id  this.name = name  }    }  ಡΈऔΓઐ༻

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Property class User(id: Long, name: String) {  val id: Long  var name: String  var registered: Boolean = false    init {  this.id = id  this.name = name  }    }  ಡΈऔΓઐ༻ ಡΈॻ͖Մ

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Property class User(id: Long, name: String) {  val id: Long  var name: String  var registered: Boolean = false    init {  this.id = id  this.name = name  }    }  ಡΈऔΓઐ༻ ಡΈॻ͖Մ ܕ

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Property class User(id: Long, name: String) {  val id: Long  var name: String  var registered: Boolean = false    init {  this.id = id  this.name = name  }    }  ಡΈऔΓઐ༻ ಡΈॻ͖Մ ܕ ॳظ஋

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Property class User(id: Long, name: String) {  val id: Long  var name: String  var registered: Boolean = false    init {  this.id = id  this.name = name  }    }  ಡΈऔΓઐ༻ ಡΈॻ͖Մ ܕ ॳظ஋ JOJUϒϩοΫͰ ॳظԽ

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͜͏ஔ͖׵͑ΒΕ·͢ class User(val id: Long, var name: String) {  var registered: Boolean = false  } 

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͜͏ஔ͖׵͑ΒΕ·͢ class User(val id: Long, var name: String) {  var registered: Boolean = false  }  ίϯετϥΫλʔ಺Ͱ ϓϩύςΟʔఆٛ͢Δͱɺࣗಈతʹ୅ೖ͞ΕΔ

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registered΋஋Λड͚औΕΔΑ͏ʹ class User(  val id: Long,  var name: String,  var registered: Boolean = false  ) 

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registered΋஋Λड͚औΕΔΑ͏ʹ class User(  val id: Long,  var name: String,  var registered: Boolean = false  )  SFHJTUFSFEΛ౉͞ͳ͔ͬͨΒGBMTF͕୅ೖ͞ΕΔ

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data class

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ԿΒ͔ͷσʔλʔΛอ࣋͢Δ ͨΊͷΫϥε

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Model΍DTOΛ࡞ΔͨΊͷ ศརػೳຬࡌ

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ex.) طଘͷmodelΛKotlinʹ ม׵͍ͨ͠

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ม׵͸Convert Java ﬁle to Kotlin ﬁleͰ

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୯७ͳม׵͚ͩͰΑ͍ͷ͔ʁ

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୯७ͳม׵͚ͩͰΑ͍ͷ͔ʁ • Immutableʹ͍ͨ͠ • equals/hashCode/toStringͷ࣮૷

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Immutableʹ

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શͯͷϓϩύςΟʔΛvalͰ ఆٛ + constructorͰ୅ೖ

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એݴ class User(  val id: Long,  val name: String,  val registered: Boolean  )

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࢖͏ fun main(args: Array) {  val unregisteredUser = User( id = 114514L, name = "takuji31", registered = false )  val user = register(unregisteredUser)  print(user)  }    fun register(user: User): User {  // do something  return User(user.id, user.name, true)  }

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ίϐʔΛ΋ͬͱ͍͍ײ͡ʹ͠ ͍ͨ

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data classΛ࢖͏

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એݴ data class User(  val id: Long,  val name: String,  val registered: Boolean = false  )

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એݴ data class User(  val id: Long,  val name: String,  val registered: Boolean = false  ) ಄ʹEBUB Λ͚ͭΔ

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એݴ data class User(  val id: Long,  val name: String,  val registered: Boolean = false  ) ಄ʹEBUB Λ͚ͭΔ શͯͷϓϩύςΟʔΛ DPOTUSVDUPSͰఆٛ

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࢖͏ fun register(user: User): User {  // do something  return user.copy(registered = true)  }

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࢖͏ fun register(user: User): User {  // do something  return user.copy(registered = true)  } DPQZϝιουͷҾ਺ʹ มߋ͍ͨ͠஋͚ͩΛ౉͢ͱ ίϐʔ͞ΕΔ

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equals/hashCode/toString ͷ࣮૷

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data classΛ࢖͏ͱࣗಈੜ੒ ͞ΕΔ

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͸ͯͳϒοΫϚʔΫAndroid ΞϓϦͰ͸ modelΛdata class΁ ੵۃతʹஔ͖׵͍͑ͯ·͢

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Extension

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֦ுؔ਺/֦ுϓϩύςΟʔ

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طଘͷΫϥεʹ ؔ਺΍ϓϩύςΟʔΛੜ΍͢ (Α͏ʹݟͤΔ)࢓૊Έ

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ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ΍ϥΠϒϥϦʔ ͷΫϥεΛ֦ு͍ͯ͘͠ͱΑ ͍

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FragmentΛ֦ுϓϩύςΟʔͰ ֦ு͢Δ val Fragment.baseActivity: BaseActivity?  get() = activity as BaseActivity?  val Fragment.actionBar: ActionBar?  get() = baseActivity?.supportActionBar

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FragmentΛ֦ுϓϩύςΟʔͰ ֦ு͢Δ val Fragment.baseActivity: BaseActivity?  get() = activity as BaseActivity?  val Fragment.actionBar: ActionBar?  get() = baseActivity?.supportActionBar ֦ு͍ͨ͠ܕ Λॻ͘

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RealmͷProviderΛ֦ுؔ਺Ͱ ֦ு͢Δ fun Provider.getAutoCloseObservable(): Observable {  val realm = get()  realm.use {  return Observable.create { emitter ->  val instance = get()  emitter.setCancellable {  instance.close()  }  emitter.onNext(instance)  }  }  }

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஫ҙ఺

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࣮ࡍʹ֦ு͞ΕΔ ͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ ࣮ମ͸staticͳ ϝιουݺͼग़͠

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= ֦ுϓϩύςΟʔ͸ϑΟʔ ϧυΛ࣋ͯͳ͍

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ఘΊͯଞͷΞϓϩʔνΛ ߟ͑·͠ΐ͏

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֦ு͗͢͠Δͱ Θ͚͕Θ͔Βͳ͘ͳΔ

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΍Γա͗஫ҙ

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Delegated property

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ҕৡϓϩύςΟʔ

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ॲཧΛҕৡ͢Δ ϓϩύςΟʔΛ ࡞Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ

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σϑΥϧτͷ Delegated property(Ұ෦) • Delegates.notNull • not-null͕ͩॳظԽ࣌ʹॳظԽͰ͖ͳ͍ϓϩύςΟʔ • nullͷ··ΞΫηεͨ͠Βྫ֎ • lazy • ஗ԆॳظԽ • ࠷ॳͷΞΫηε࣌ʹҾ਺Ͱ౉ͨ͠ϒϩοΫͷ໭Γ஋Λฦͯ͠ Ωϟογϡ͢Δ