The Power of British Hops

by London Amateur Brewers

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The Power of British Hops  Why are they so unique? Presented by Alison Capper, British Hop Farmer

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Mum Wife Farm Business Partner Daughter-in-law Unqualified accountant Marketeer IT Director HR Manager Village PR Nuffield Trustee FACE Trustee Price Negotiator NFU Hort & Potatoes Board British Hops Wye Hops Ideas/solutions

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Today • Latitude, “Terroir”, Irradiation (hours of sunshine) • Breeding History And then… • World Varieties – British Pedigree • Aroma Hops

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Where do Hops grow in the UK?

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Where do hops grow in the world & why?    On family farms, big and small, all over the world.

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World Hop Growing North West USA: Washington Oregon Idaho +++++++ Europe: Germany Czech Republic Slovenia Australasia: Tasmania New Zealand For home market & export For home market only

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Latitude: 35-55° Daylight length, temperature, precipitation.

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Semi-arid Maritime Continental Climate

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Sunlight levels lower in UK

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British Hops are unique • The UK uniquely has lower light levels and even rainfall The UK has a “cloudy maritime” climate

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What does the unique British terroir deliver to the Brewer? • It’s all in the hop oils… – Preservative – Bittering – Aroma • Unique Terroir: – Lower myrcene content - aroma intensity DELICATE COMPLEXITY

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0 15 30 45 60 Fuggle Challenger Target Cascade UK NZ USA Hop Oils - Myrcene Levels Hop “terroir” according to growing region

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Perfect Beer Styles for British Hops Pale Ale IPA’s ISA’s Summer Beers SESSION BEERS India Pale Ale Porters Stouts

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  A World Leading British Hop Breeding Programme 

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Professor ES Salmon 1906 Powdery mildew resistance Dr RA Neve 1953 Wilt resistance Dr Peter Darby 1981 Aphid resistance Dr WG Keyworth, 1949 East Malling Research Wilt resistance

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Who bred which Varieties? Growers: 1737: Mathon (aka Canterbury Whitebine) 1790: Old Golding (from Canterbury Whitebine) 1805: Colegate 1838: East Kent Golding (aka Canterbury Golding) 1865: Bramling 1875: Fuggle 1881: Cobbs 1887: Early Bird (Amos) 1889: Eastwell Golding 1932: WGV (Whitbread Golding Variety)

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Prof E S Salmon: 1934: Brewers Gold 1938: Bullion 1940: Nonsuch 1944: Northern Brewer 1946: Pride of Kent 1948: Early Choice 1949: Keyworths Early / Midseason 1951: Bramling Cross Who bred which Varieties?

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Dr W G Keyworth: 1960: Defender 1960: Density 1960: Janus Who bred which Varieties?

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Dr R A Neve: 1967: Progress 1971: Northdown 1972: Challenger 1972: Target 1983: Yeoman Who bred which Varieties?

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Dr Peter Darby: 1996: Admiral 1996: First Gold 1996: Phoenix 1996: Pioneer 2001: Pilgrim 2001: Pilot 2004: Boadicea 2006: Sovereign tbc: Endeavour Who bred which Varieties?

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What is the British Hop   Aroma Pedigree?

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Quintessentially British Golding (1790): Spicy, honey, earthy BRITISH Fuggle (1875): Minty, Floral, Earthy WORLD Perfect alone or in combination

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World Varieties :  “The Fuggle Heritage”

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0 Generation = British Fuggle Savinski Golding Styrian Golding Early Green US Tettnang Slovenia USA

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1st Generation from British Fuggle Celeia Cerera Willamette Columbia Slovenia USA Smoothcone New Zealand

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2nd Generation from British Fuggle Buket Cicero Nugget Cascade Slovenia USA Green Bullet New Zealand Cekin Superalpha Pacific Gem Southern Cross Nelson Sauvin

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3rd Generation from British Fuggle Horizon Citra USA

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4th Generation from British Fuggle Sterling Centennial USA Crystal Mt Rainier

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5th Generation from British Fuggle Santiam Chelan USA Millenium Newport Glacier

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British Aroma Hops

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British Aroma Hops lychee, mango, citrus, orange, mint, pepper, blackcurrant, lemon, chocolate, sage, pine, apricot, floral, honey

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Today’s British Hop Varieties

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British Hop Aroma Varieties Variety Alpha Range % Characteristics Flavour Intensity Admiral 13 – 16 Resinous, orangey, citrus 9 Cascade (UK) 5 – 9 Lychees, floral, grapefruit 9 Jester 7 – 9 Grapefruit, tropical fruits 9 Target 8.5 – 13.5 Sage, citrus, spice 8 Bramling Cross 6 – 8 Spicy, blackcurrant, lemon 8 Olicana 6 – 9 Mango, grapefruit, passionfruit 8 Pioneer 8 – 10.5 Cedar, grapefruit, herbal 8 Challenger 6.5 – 9 Spicy, cedar, green tea 7 Endeavour 8 – 10.5 Blackcurrant, spicy, citrus 7 Northdown 7 – 10 Spicy, floral, pine 7 WGV 5 – 7.5 Spicy, herbal, floral 7 Archer 4 – 6 Floral, lime, peach 6 Beata 3 – 6 Honey, apricot, almond 6 Boadicea 7 – 10 Spicy, light floral 6

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British Hop Aroma Varieties (contd) Variety Alpha Range % Characteristics Flavour Intensity Epic 6 - 10 Fruity, slightly herbal 6 First Gold 6.5 – 10 Orange, marmalade, spicy 6 Fuggle 3.5 – 6.5 Minty, floral, earthy 6 Goldings 4 – 9.5 Spicy, honey, earthy 6 Minstrel 5 – 7 Spicy, berries, orange citrus 6 Pilgrim 9 – 13 Spicy, citrus, pears 6 Progress 6 – 7.5 Sweet, floral, minty 6 Sovereign 4.5 – 6.5 Herbal, floral, earthy 6 Sussex 4.4 - 5.8 Earthy, grassy, minty 6 Phoenix 8 - 12 Molasses, chocolate, spicy 5 Pilot 8 – 11 Lemon, spicy, marmalade 5 Flyer 8.9 - 14.5 Stoned fruit, liquorice, treacle 5