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https://speakerdeck.com/ks91
— — 2022-02-02 – p.2/29
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( )
SFC ( )
CSO (Chief Science Officer)
1993 ( )
2006 ( )
SFC
21 P2P (Peer-to-Peer)
2011
2018 2019
VR 2021.7 VR 2021.8 “ALL THESE WORLDS ARE YOURS”
VR 2021.9 & VR 2021.12
( (VR) )
→ ( )
— — 2022-02-02 – p.3/29
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(EVM)
— — 2022-02-02 – p.4/29
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Ethereum
Vitalik Buterin, “Ethereum White Paper: A NEXT GENERATION SMART
CONTRACT & DECENTRALIZED APPLICATION PLATFORM” (Dec. 2013∼)
15
(= )
=
= ( ) CPU
⇒
DApps
DApps = /
— — 2022-02-02 – p.5/29
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= ( ) run =
→
— — 2022-02-02 – p.6/29
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Ether
Ethereum
EOA : Externally-Owned Account
( )
( )
Ether ( ) EVM
EVM
= Ethereum =
— — 2022-02-02 – p.7/29
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EVM : Ethereum Virtual Machine
Gas ( EVM = ( burn))
→ — — 2022-02-02 – p.8/29
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Ethereum
Frontier (2015)
Homestead (2016)
Metropolis
Byzantium (2017)
zk-SNARKs ( ) → Zcash on Ethereum (ZoE)
Constantinople + St.Petersburg (2019)
(for 2nd Layer) Proof of Stake
Istanbul (2019)
Zcash zk-SNARKs/STARKs
Serenity(?)
Ethereum 2.0 phase 0 (2020∼)
Berlin (2021)
London (2021) ( burn ) ←
— — 2022-02-02 – p.9/29
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Ethereum
— — 2022-02-02 – p.10/29
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( )
( )
( )
( vs. )
( )
( )
( )
( )
⇒
( : BBc-1)
:
:
— — 2022-02-02 – p.11/29
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Ethereum
( )
⇒ (Casper; )
( )
⇒ ZoE (Zcash on Ethereum) ( )
( vs. )
( )
⇒ Plasma ( )
( )
⇒ ( ) (Benevolent Dictator For Life (BDFL))
( )
( )
⇒
— — 2022-02-02 – p.12/29
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Ethereum
Proof of Work +
Proof of Stake +
Ethereum 1.0
— — 2022-02-02 – p.13/29
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SHA-256 × SHA-256 ( /TX )
SHA-256 × RIPEMD-160 ( = )
(1 )
. . .
scrypt ( )
Ethereum
Ethash (Dagger-Hashimoto ) (Proof of Work)
DAG : Directed Acyclic Graph ( )
https://eth.wiki/en/concepts/ethash/ethash
Keccak-256 (≈SHA-3) ( ) (Ethash )
— — 2022-02-02 – p.14/29
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GHOST (Greedy Heaviest Observed Subtree)
⇒ GHOST
( ) “uncles”
proof of work
( )
uncle
Ethereum uncles 7 GHOST
uncle gender-neutral ommer
— — 2022-02-02 – p.15/29
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Merkle
Bitcoin Digest = SHA-256 × SHA-256 Merkle root
TX ( )
TX
Ethereum TX TX 3 Merkle root
TX Gas
— — 2022-02-02 – p.16/29
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IUUQTFOXJLJQFEJBPSHXJLJ3BEJY@USFF
key OK
PATRICIA (Practical Algorithm To Retrieve Information
Coded In Alphanumeric) Trie ( )
trie = retrieval ( )
(key, value)
RLP (recursive length prefix encoding)
Ethereum
(key, value)
— — 2022-02-02 – p.17/29
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Ethereum
Proof of Stake
Casper
— — 2022-02-02 – p.18/29
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Proof of Stake
( )
( )
( )
→ ( )
Ethereum
— — 2022-02-02 – p.19/29
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Nothing at Stake -
=
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Nothing at Stake -
100%
Proof of Stake
— — 2022-02-02 – p.21/29
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Casper : Ethereum ( )
Nothing at Stake
(Slasher)
stake
100
⇒ (( ) )
( )
→
— — 2022-02-02 – p.22/29
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Ethereum 2.0 Phase 0
Beacon Chain
Beacon Contract 32 ETH 32 ETH2
1 10% ETH2
ETH2
ETH Beacon Contract
— — 2022-02-02 – p.23/29
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PoS . . .
PoW ( )
( )
( )
— — 2022-02-02 – p.24/29
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( )
PoS
PoW
PoS
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(Bitcoin )
A-B
— — 2022-02-02 – p.26/29
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µRaiden
Raiden Network
Plasma
Rollups
— — 2022-02-02 – p.27/29
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Ethereum 2.0
←
Staking
( )
Beacon Chain PoS Ethereum 1.0
Ethereum PoW
Ethereum PoS
( )
( ) (Beacon Chain )
64
( )
(EVM → eWASM (Ethereum WebAssembly))
— — 2022-02-02 – p.28/29
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— — 2022-02-02 – p.29/29