イーサリアムの技術 / Ethereum Technology

2022年2月2日(水)、ブロックチェーンハブ主催のブロックチェーンアカデミーにて使用したスライドです。

(その後、Ethereum Foundation の研究者に取材する機会があり、最後の方の内容をアップデートしました。)

Transcript

1. Chief Science Officer / ks91@blockchainhub.co.jp — — 2022-02-02 – p.1/29
2. https://speakerdeck.com/ks91 — — 2022-02-02 – p.2/29
3. ( ) SFC ( ) CSO (Chief Science Officer) 1993 ( ) 2006 ( ) SFC 21 P2P (Peer-to-Peer) 2011 2018 2019 VR 2021.7 VR 2021.8 “ALL THESE WORLDS ARE YOURS” VR 2021.9 & VR 2021.12 ( (VR) ) → ( ) — — 2022-02-02 – p.3/29
4. (EVM) — — 2022-02-02 – p.4/29
5. Ethereum Vitalik Buterin, “Ethereum White Paper: A NEXT GENERATION SMART CONTRACT & DECENTRALIZED APPLICATION PLATFORM” (Dec. 2013∼) 15 (= ) = = ( ) CPU ⇒ DApps DApps = / — — 2022-02-02 – p.5/29
6. = ( ) run = → — — 2022-02-02 – p.6/29
7. Ether Ethereum EOA : Externally-Owned Account ( ) ( ) Ether ( ) EVM EVM = Ethereum = — — 2022-02-02 – p.7/29
8. EVM : Ethereum Virtual Machine Gas ( EVM = ( burn)) → — — 2022-02-02 – p.8/29
9. Ethereum Frontier (2015) Homestead (2016) Metropolis Byzantium (2017) zk-SNARKs ( ) → Zcash on Ethereum (ZoE) Constantinople + St.Petersburg (2019) (for 2nd Layer) Proof of Stake Istanbul (2019) Zcash zk-SNARKs/STARKs Serenity(?) Ethereum 2.0 phase 0 (2020∼) Berlin (2021) London (2021) ( burn ) ← — — 2022-02-02 – p.9/29
10. Ethereum — — 2022-02-02 – p.10/29
11. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( vs. ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ⇒ ( : BBc-1) : : — — 2022-02-02 – p.11/29
12. Ethereum ( ) ⇒ (Casper; ) ( ) ⇒ ZoE (Zcash on Ethereum) ( ) ( vs. ) ( ) ⇒ Plasma ( ) ( ) ⇒ ( ) (Benevolent Dictator For Life (BDFL)) ( ) ( ) ⇒ — — 2022-02-02 – p.12/29
13. Ethereum Proof of Work + Proof of Stake + Ethereum 1.0 — — 2022-02-02 – p.13/29
14. SHA-256 × SHA-256 ( /TX ) SHA-256 × RIPEMD-160 ( = ) (1 ) . . . scrypt ( ) Ethereum Ethash (Dagger-Hashimoto ) (Proof of Work) DAG : Directed Acyclic Graph ( ) https://eth.wiki/en/concepts/ethash/ethash Keccak-256 (≈SHA-3) ( ) (Ethash ) — — 2022-02-02 – p.14/29
15. GHOST (Greedy Heaviest Observed Subtree) ⇒ GHOST ( ) “uncles” proof of work ( ) uncle Ethereum uncles 7 GHOST uncle gender-neutral ommer — — 2022-02-02 – p.15/29
16. Merkle Bitcoin Digest = SHA-256 × SHA-256 Merkle root TX ( ) TX Ethereum TX TX 3 Merkle root TX Gas — — 2022-02-02 – p.16/29
17. IUUQTFOXJLJQFEJBPSHXJLJ3BEJY@USFF key OK PATRICIA (Practical Algorithm To Retrieve Information Coded In Alphanumeric) Trie ( ) trie = retrieval ( ) (key, value) RLP (recursive length prefix encoding) Ethereum (key, value) — — 2022-02-02 – p.17/29
18. Ethereum Proof of Stake Casper — — 2022-02-02 – p.18/29
19. Proof of Stake ( ) ( ) ( ) → ( ) Ethereum — — 2022-02-02 – p.19/29
20. Nothing at Stake - = — — 2022-02-02 – p.20/29
21. Nothing at Stake - 100% Proof of Stake — — 2022-02-02 – p.21/29
22. Casper : Ethereum ( ) Nothing at Stake (Slasher) stake 100 ⇒ (( ) ) ( ) → — — 2022-02-02 – p.22/29
23. Ethereum 2.0 Phase 0 Beacon Chain Beacon Contract 32 ETH 32 ETH2 1 10% ETH2 ETH2 ETH Beacon Contract — — 2022-02-02 – p.23/29
24. PoS . . . PoW ( ) ( ) ( ) — — 2022-02-02 – p.24/29
25. ( ) PoS PoW PoS — — 2022-02-02 – p.25/29
26. (Bitcoin ) A-B — — 2022-02-02 – p.26/29
27. µRaiden Raiden Network Plasma Rollups — — 2022-02-02 – p.27/29
28. Ethereum 2.0 ← Staking ( ) Beacon Chain PoS Ethereum 1.0 Ethereum PoW Ethereum PoS ( ) ( ) (Beacon Chain ) 64 ( ) (EVM → eWASM (Ethereum WebAssembly)) — — 2022-02-02 – p.28/29
29. — — 2022-02-02 – p.29/29