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ApplicationModel
ͷ͋Δ෩ܠ
Hiroyasu Shimoyama
Web engineer at giftee inc.
Twitter@_h_s_
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Overview
• ApplicationModel ಋೖͷഎܠͱϞνϕʔγϣϯ
• ApplicationModel ͷհ
• طଘͷΞϓϩʔνͱͷൺֱ
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Rails ͷϓϩμΫτ։ൃ
• ॳΊγϯϓϧ
• ঃʑʹෳࡶʹ
• ෳࡶ͞ͱͲ͏͖߹͍͔ͬͯ͘ʁ
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ෳࡶ͞
• ආ͚ΒΕΔෳࡶ͞ͱɺආ͚ΒΕͳ͍ෳࡶ͞
• ݻ༗ͷෳࡶ͞ͱɺҰൠతͳෳࡶ͞
• ཧ͞Εͨෳࡶ͞ͱɺແடংͳෳࡶ͞
• ༧ଌՄೳͳෳࡶ͞ͱɺ༧ଌࠔͳෳࡶ͞
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Rails ͷϨʔϧ
• Rails ͷෳࡶ͞Λཧղ͢Δ͜ͱͰ
• ආ͚ΒΕΔෳࡶ͞Λආ͚Δ
• Ұൠతͳෳࡶ͞Λղܾ͢Δ
• ෳࡶ͞Λཧͯ͠ίϯτϩʔϧ͢Δ
• ༧ଌՄೳʹ͢Δ
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Rails MVC
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γϯϓϧͳੈք
• 1 Model
• 1 View
• 1 Controller
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C M
V
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routes DB table Λߟ͑Δ
• 1 Model
• 1 DB table
• 1 View
• 1 Controller
• 1 REST resource
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C M
V
T
R
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গ͠ෳࡶͳੈք
• ಉҰͷσʔλΛҟͳΔϦιʔεͱͯ͠ݟͤΔ
• ҟͳΔ REST resource
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C
M
V
T
R
C’
V’
R’
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͏গ͠ෳࡶͳੈք
• ϦιʔεΛҟͳΔίϯςΩετͰݟΔ
• ཧը໘ / API / etc.
• namespace
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R C
V
R’ C’
V’
R C
V
Customer::
M T
Admin::
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ͬͱෳࡶͳੈք
• ݱ࣮ΑΓݫ͘͠ɺෳࡶʹͳΔҰํ
• ݟͤํ͕૿͑Δ : Ϧιʔεͷ૿Ճ
• ༻్͕૿͑Δ : ίϯςΩετͷ૿Ճ
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R
Customer::
M T
C
R’ C’
R’’ C’’
R’’’ C’’’
R C
R’ C’
R’’ C’’
R C
R C
Api::
Admin::
Etc::
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ߋʹෳࡶͳੈք
• ͦΕͧΕ͕୲͏૿Ճ͍ͯ͘͠
• ௨ / ඇಉظॲཧ / ֎෦APIґଘ / ঢ়ଶཧ / etc.
• Model ͷෳࡶ͞ ++
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R
Customer::
M T
C
R’ C’
R’’ C’’
R’’’ C’’’
R C
R’ C’
R’’ C’’
R C
R C
Api::
Admin::
Etc::
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୯ҰͷϞσϧʹ
ෳࡶ͕͞ूத
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୯ҰϞσϧͷ
• ѻ͍͍ͨσʔλ → 1 Table (ͱͦͷؔ࿈) → 1 Model
• σʔλΛѻ͏શͯͷෳࡶ͞ → 1 Model
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R
Customer::
M T
C
R’ C’
R’’ C’’
R’’’ C’’’
R C
R’ C’
R’’ C’’
R C
R C
Api::
Admin::
Etc::
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ղܾͷΞϓϩʔν
• ϞσϧΛׂ͢Δ
• ϩδοΫΛॻ͘ͷʹઐ೦͢ΔͨΊͷϞσϧ
• Rails ͷϨʔϧʹ͓͍ͯ༧ଌՄೳͳ໊শ
REST
resource
Controller View Model
DB
Table
/users UsersController users/* User users
/admin/users
Admin::
UsersController
admin/users/*
User
→Admin::User
users
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R
Customer::
M T
C
R’ C’
R’’ C’’
R’’’ C’’’
R C
R’ C’
R’’ C’’
R C
R C
Api::
Admin::
Etc::
Customer::M
Customer::M’
Customer::M’’
Customer::M’’’
Api::M
Api::M’
Api::M’’
Admin::M
Etc::M
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Ͳ͏ϨʔϧʹࡌͤΔ͔
• ʰςʔϒϧʹඥ͔ͳ͍ϞσϧʱΛۃྗϨʔϧ͔Β֎Ε
ͳ͍Α͏ʹఆٛ͠ɺͦΕΛཧղ͢Δ͜ͱͰ
• ආ͚ΒΕΔෳࡶ͞Λආ͚Δ
• Ұൠతͳෳࡶ͞Λղܾ͢Δ
• ෳࡶ͞Λཧͯ͠ίϯτϩʔϧ͢Δ
• ༧ଌՄೳʹ͢Δ
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ApplicationModel
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• Controller ͕ Model ʹظ͢Δڞ௨ͷৼΔ͍Λදݱ͢
Δ
• ςʔϒϧʹඥ͍ͨϞσϧ → ApplicationRecord
• ςʔϒϧʹඥ͔ͳ͍Ϟσϧ → ApplicationModel
ApplicationModel
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• ApplicationRecord Model Λѻ͏Α͏ʹѻ͍͍ͨ
• Attributes
• όϦσʔγϣϯ
• ؔ࿈ͷදݱ
• etc.
ApplicationModel ʹ
ظ͢Δػೳͷྫ
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• ActiveModel ϕʔε
• gem (virtus, dry-rb, reform) ϕʔε
ApplicationModel ͷ࣮
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• ○ : Rails ͷػೳͰ࣮ݱग़དྷΔ
• × : ActiveModel::Attribute ͕ Internal API
• × : ػೳతʹΓͳ͍͕࣌͋Δ (ؔ࿈ (Nesting) )
• : ࣗલ࣮ → ݻ༗ͷෳࡶ͞ͷݩ
ActiveModel ϕʔε
class ApplicationModel
include ActiveModel::Model
include ActiveModel::Attributes
end
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• ○ : ࡉ͔͘ΧελϚΠζग़དྷΔ
• ○ : ػೳతʹදݱग़དྷΔ෯͕͍
• × : ֤छ gem ͷ͕ࣝඞཁ
• × : ApplicationRecord ͱه๏͕ҟͳΔ
• attribute/property(reform), validation/required(dry-rb)
gem (dry-rb, reform) ϕʔε
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• ۙͷϓϩδΣΫτ ActiveModel ϕʔεΛબ
• ؔ࿈ = Nesting ͕ແ͍ͷ͕ݫ͍͠
• ࣗલ࣮ͯ͠͠·ͬͨ෦͕ෛ࠴Խͯͦ͠͏
• ݱঢ়ͲΕҰҰ͋Γͦ͏
• dry-rb : ʰͲͷ gem ΛΈ߹Θ͔ͤͨʱ͕ෳࡶ
• reform : Form ͱ͍͏໊͚ʹҾͬுΒΕΔ
ͲΕΛબͿ͖͔ʁ
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• ׂͨ͠ Model ΛͲ͏ DRY ʹอ͔ͭʁ
• όϦσʔγϣϯ
• ڞ௨ػೳ
• ApplicationModel Model ͷ attributes ͱ
ApplicationRecord Model ͷ attributes ͷಉظ
TIPS
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• ڞ௨ͷόϦσʔγϣϯϧʔϧ
• ApplicationRecord ͷ Model ʹॻ͘
• ಛఆ༻్ͷΑΓݫີͳόϦσʔγϣϯ
• ApplicationModel ͷ Model ʹॻ͘
• ͦΕΒΛڞ௨Խ͢Δͱ͖ CustomValidator
DRY : όϦσʔγϣϯ
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• ҎԼͷͲͪΒ͔
• Concerns
• ApplicationModel Model
• ΦϓγϣφϧͳৼΔ͍ͷ࣌લऀɺ୯Ұػೳͱཱͯ͠
͢Δ߹ޙऀΛબ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ଟ͍
DRY : ڞ௨ػೳ
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• ApplicationModel Model ͱͯ͠ड͚औΓɺvalidation ʹ
͕ແ͔ͬͨ࣌ɺActiveRecord Model ʹӬଓԽΛґཔ͢
Δ
• Ͳͷ attribute ͕Ͳͷ attribute ʹରԠ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͔ʁ
• ͲͷλΠϛϯάͰΛίϐʔ͢Δͷ͔ʁ
• ͦΕΒΛࣗಈԽ͢Δػೳ༻ҙ͞Ε͍ͯΔͷ͔ʁ
Sync : attributes
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• ActiveModel ϕʔεͷ ApplicationModel Ͱࣗલ࣮
Sync : attributes
class Admin::User < ApplicationModel
associate :user, User, default: -> { User.new }
attribute :name, :string, for: :user
validates_associated :user
def save
sync_attributes
return false unless valid?
user.save
end
end
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Sync : attributes
class Admin::UsersController < Admin::ApplicationController
def new
@admin_user = Admin::User.new
end
def create
@admin_user = Admin::User.new(admin_user_create_params)
if @admin_user.save
redirect_to @admin_user
else
render :new
end
end
def edit
@admin_user = Admin::User.new(user: ::User.find(params[:id]))
end
def update
@admin_user = Admin::User.new(admin_user_update_params)
if @admin_user.save
redirect_to @admin_user
else
render :edit
end
end
# …
end
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• Ϩʔϧ͔Β͋·Γ֎Ε͍ͯͳ͍ (ͱࢥ͏)
• σʔλ୯Ұͷ ApplicationRecord Model Λܦ༝͢Δ
• ActiveRecord::Attributes ͰߦͬͯΔ cast ͷॲཧ͕
͋Εͦ͜ʹॻ͘
• ໊͚Ͱ͋·ΓࠔΒͳ͍
ApplicationModel ͷ
Կ͕خ͍͠ͷ͔
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طଘͷΞϓϩʔνͱͷൺֱ
• ApplicationRecord Model Λׂ͢Δ
• PORO (Plane Old Ruby Object)
• Service / Form
• Rails MVC Λ֦ு͢Δ
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Rails MVC Model ͰରԠ
• ApplicationRecord Model Λׂ͢Δ
• ActiveRecordͷϞσϧ͕1ͭͩͱͭΒ͍(@hanachin_)
https://qiita.com/hanachin_/items/ba1dd93905567d88145c
• PORO (Pure Old Ruby Object)
• RailsͷଠͬͨϞσϧΛμΠΤοτͤ͞Δํ๏ʹ͍ͭ
ͯ (@willnet)
https://tech.medpeer.co.jp/entry/2017/11/08/120000
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ApplicationRecord Model
Λׂ͢Δ
• ActiveRecordͷϞσϧ͕1ͭͩͱͭΒ͍(@hanachin_)
https://qiita.com/hanachin_/items/ba1dd93905567d88145c
• ϒϩάهࣄͰݕ౼͞Ε͍ͯΔ௨Γɺඇৗʹ্ख͘work ͢
Δ
• ApplicationRecord Model ׂͰྑ͍ͱࢥ͏
• ʰActiveRecordҎ֎ͷͭ͘Δͱҙ֎ͱ໘ʱͰ
ݴٴ͞Ε͍ͯΔ௨Γɺ͔֬ʹ໘
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ApplicationRecord Model
Λׂ͢Δ
• ApplicationModel ͷར
• DB migration ࣌ʹ໘͕গͳ͍ (ignore_columns)
• ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch ղফύζϧ
ʹͳΒͳ͍
• σʔλӬଓԽՕॴΛߜΕΔ
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PORO
• RailsͷଠͬͨϞσϧΛμΠΤοτͤ͞Δํ๏ʹ͍ͭͯ (@willnet)
https://tech.medpeer.co.jp/entry/2017/11/08/120000
• ApplicationModel better PORO
• Ϟσϧʹ͋ΔΫϥε ApplicationRecord ͘͠
ApplicationModel Λܧঝͨ͠ΫϥεͷΈɺͱ͍͏ʹ
ΑΓɺϞσϧʹظ͢Δڞ௨ͷৼΔ͍Λఆ͍ٛͯ͠Δ
• PORO ͷํ͕ࣗ༝ͳར͋ΔͷͰ͓ΈͰ
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Service / Form
• Service / Form ͷྑ͍ͱ͜Ζ
• ApplicationModel ͔Βߋʹׂ͞ΕɺϑΥʔΧε͢
Δ͕গͳ͍
• ੈؒతʹ͋Δఔೝ͞Ε͍ͯͯɺ֓೦͕ʢൺֱతʣ
ΘΓ͍͢
• (ҙ֎ͱ GraphQL mutation ͱ૬ੑ͕ྑ͍ͱࢥ͏)
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Service / Form
• Service / Form ͷͭΒ͍ͱ͜Ζ
• ৽͍֓͠೦ͷಋೖ͕ඞཁͰϨʔϧ͔Βएׯ֎ΕΔ
• ໊લ͚ݺͼग़͠खॱͷηΦϦʔཱ͓֬ͯ͠Βͣɺ
ਪଌ͕͍͠
• ApplicationRecord Model ׂͷ߲Ͱ৮Εͨ
ApplicationModel ͷ໘͞Λ Service / Form ౿ऻ
͍ͯ͠Δ
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Rails MVC Λ֦ு
• ઃܭख๏ड͚ೖΕΒΕ͍ͯΔ͕ɺRails Ͱͷ࣮ݱํ๏͕
ཱ֬͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ͷ
• Clean Architecture
• Layered Architecture
• Rails Ͱͷ࣮ݱํ๏ཱ͕֬͞Ε͍ͯΔͷ
• Trailblazer
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Rails MVC Λ֦ு
• ݸਓతʹಋೖʹ৻ॏ
• ͜ΕΒΛಋೖ͢ΔΤϯδχΞશମΛʰઃܭ͢Δʱ෦ʹ
ڧΈΛ࣋ͬͨਓ͕ଟ͘ɺඞͣ͠ӡ༻Λಘҙͱ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍
• Ҿ͖ܧ͙ϝϯόʔ͕ಋೖ͞Εͨઃܭख๏ʹशख़͍ͯ͠ͳ͍
Մೳੑͷ΄͏͕ߴ͍
• େن։ൃͰϝϦοτΛेʹڗडग़དྷΔ͔ɺઃܭख๏ʹ͍ͭͯ
ਂ͘शख़ͨ͠ϝϯόʔΛἧ͑ଓ͚ΒΕΔͷͰ͋Ε…
• ͱʹ͔͘ɺϨʔϧ͔Βେ͖͘ҳ͢ΔͷͰಋೖʹʰ֮ޛʱ͕ඞཁ
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ApplicationModel
ΛબͿ͖͔ʁ
• ٻΊΒΕΔׂͷཻͰબΜͰྑͦ͞͏
• 1 ApplicationRecord
• N ApplicationRecord
• N ApplicationModel + 1 ApplicationRecord
• N Forms + N’ Services + 1 ApplicationRecord
• Trailblazer, Clean Architecture, Layered Architecture
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·ͱΊ
• ApplicationModel Λಋೖ͢Δͱɺscaffold Ͱ࡞ͬͨϞσϧ
ͷΑ͏ʹϩδοΫهड़Λಋೖग़དྷ·͢
• طଘͷΞϓϩʔνʹൺͯརܽ͋Δ͚ΕͲɺϨʔϧ
ʹԊͬͨ։ൃ͍͢͠ͱࢥ͍·͢
• બࢶͷҰͭͱͯ͠ࢹʹ͓͍͚ͯͨΒ͍Ͱ͢
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“Arigato!”