EXPLORATION FOR SUBMARINE HYDROTHERMAL MINERALIZATION @ NORTHERN FLORES OFFSHORE, 2003 Komba Volcano – Flores Dr. Andri Subandrio Prodi Teknik Geologi – FITB - ITB 

BANDAMIN CRUISE I-III EXPLORATION FOR SUBMARINE HYDROTHERMAL MINERALIZATION Joint marine research FUB (Germany) and BPPT- PPGL-BRKP-LIPI-ITB-UNPAD-UPN-TRISAKTI Baruna Jaya VIII Komba Volcano – Flores Komba 

Bandamin-I-III Iasha-I Java Trench Bone Gulf BABEL TIN Silica Sand & REE 

No content

CHALENGE FOR MINERAL & ENERGY EXPLORATION (Katili, 1980) 

EXPLORING THE OCEAN FLOOR OF SUNDA SHELF Dr. Andri Subandrio Dept. of Geological Engineering FITB-ITB @ Karimata Strait 

https://www.nst.com.my/news/2016/12/197 239/legend-sunken-atlantis Dabo coastal plain – Western Singkep Island 

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323537810_SPATIAL_RECONSTRUCTION_AND_UNDERWATER_SURVEY_OF_P ALEO-RIVER_IN_SUNDALAND/figures?lo=1 PALEO RIVER OF SUNDALAND 

Global sea level curve for the Phanerozoic (after Hallam, 1992). Sea level rise occurs throughout the Cambrian, consistent with the opening of the Iapetus Ocean. Global sea level drop at the end of the Cambrian is attributed to the onset of subduction within the Iapetus Ocean. The long-term drop in sea level beginning at ca. 440 Ma is broadly coincident with the onset of subduction within the Rheic Ocean, which eventually closed with the amalgamation of Pangea. The rise in sea level in the Mesozoic coincides with the opening of the Atlantic Ocea https://www.researchgate.net/publication/239938665_Speculations_on_the_me chanisms_for_the_formation_and_breakup_of_supercontinents/figures?lo=1 

Figure 1.1 Sundaland dated circa 20,000 Before Present (BP), when sea level was 116 m below present. The hypothetical paleo-coastline is denoted by black line https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323537810_SPATIAL_RECONSTRUCTION_AND_UNDERWATER_SURVEY_OF_P ALEO-RIVER_IN_SUNDALAND/figures?lo=1 

Figure 2.1 Prediction of sea level of Sundaland from 21 ka BP to present time derived from Geyh et al., (1979), Hesp et al., (1998), and Hanebuth et al., (2000; 2009) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323537810_SPATIAL_RECONSTRUCTION_AND_UNDERWATER_SURVEY_OF_P ALEO-RIVER_IN_SUNDALAND/figures?lo=1 

Figure 6: Shallow seismic profiles depicting the buried paleo fluvial system. Note: A) Bui et al. (2013); B) Tjallingii et al., 2010; C) Posamentier (2001); D) Hanebuth et al. (2003a); E) Tjallingii et al. (2014); F) Hanebuth & Stattegger (2004); and G) Puchala et al. (2011). https://www.researchgate.net/publ ication/329602318_Late_Quaternar y_paleo_fluvial_system_research_of _Sunda_Shelf_A_review/figures?lo= 1 

Fig. 3 Geography of Sundaland during the Cenozoic, based on maps provided by Hall (2013) 

Late Triassic granites from Bangka, Indonesia: A continuation of the Main Range granite province of the South-East Asian Tin Belt Author links open overlay panelSamuel Wai-PanNgaMartin J.WhitehousebMuhammad H.RoseleecdClaudiaTeschnereSayedMurtadhafGrahame J.H.OlivergAzman A.GhanicSu- ChinChanga Bangka Island as South-East Asian Tin Belt 

HYPOGEN – PRIMARY ORE MINERALIZATION; e.g. Hydrothermal ore mineralization 

SEDIMENTARY AND PLACER ORE DEPOSITS 

100 mm 1 mm If Ultrabasic rocks: Magnetite Chromite PGM 

Mechanical durability is also important. Minerals which are hard, or which have no cleavage, are likely to survive longer: they are more resistant to abrasion during transport. Quartz is by far the most common of these stable, durable minerals, and the commonest component in clastic sediments. It survives because of its resistance to chemical attack (it is soluble only in highly alkaline solutions), and its mechanical durability (hardness 7, no cleavage). The concept of mineralogical maturity: a mineralogically mature sediment or sedimentary rock is one which consists largely of the stable minerals, particularly quartz. Mineralogically mature rocks are those which have undergone prolonged weathering, transport and reworking. Cassiterite sands of Bangka-Belitung coast & gold detritus of Kutai placer. Photo by Andri SSM 1mm 1mm 1mm 

Grain Mineralogy You will already be familiar in thin section with most of the grains that you are likely to come across in sandstones: many of them are also found in igneous rocks. In some cases, it may also be possible to recognize different types of the same mineral, such as varieties of quartz. A problem with sedimentary grains is that, because of transport & abrasion, they rarely show crystal faces, so we often do not have crystal shape or straight or inclined extinction as identifiable properties. Microphoto by Andri SSM 2004 1mm 1mm 

0.05 mm ZIRCON QUARTZ SAND Zircon sand deposit of West Kalimantan 

USE OF ZIRCON 

SE Asian Tin Granite Belt Bangka-Belitung Islands Sibolga Granite Complex Beckinsale, 1979 Phuket Other granite belt I. REGIONAL GEOLOGY Jalur granit membentang mulai dari Phuket Thailand, Semenanjung Malaya hingga kepulauan dan perairan Bangka Belitung dan dikenal sebagai Southeast Asian Tin Granite Belt (Hosking, 1981 and Hutchison, 1979). Secara fisiografis jalur timah granit ini terdapat dibagian timur Jalur granit Asia Tenggara terkenal didunia karena merupakan penghasil timah paling besar dan ekonomis didunia. Pulau Sumatra. 

Bangka Tin Granitoid Complex Photography : Andri Subandrio, 2008 

Tin granite greisen of Bangka Island which potential for Sn, W, Nb, Ta, Zircon, Monazite and Silica Quartz as well as Kaolin . Photograph by Andri Sn-W Granite Greisen of Bangka 

Schematic representation of the regional zonation of pegmatites (red) around a granite intrusion (modified from Trueman and Cern$, 1982). https://www.researchgate.net/figure/4-Schematic-representation-of-the-regional-zonation- of-pegmatites-red-around-a_fig3_337608086 Pegmatite Vein in Granite Greisen System https://www.pppl.gov/news/2012/07/ new-jersey-firm-creates-jobs-and- vital-components-world-leading- experiment Cu-Nb alloy superconductor 

Dari Pantai Belinyu, Coconut Island tampak mungil di pagi hari ketika laut surut. Tonjolan-tonjolan granit nampak membentuk kelurusan di tengah laut. Indah dipandang, namun cukup membahayakan pelayaran karena mirip gunung es dibawahnya. Kuningnya mentari senja membuat relief granit menjadi seperti menhir dan pepohonan menggeliat seperti bonsai. Teks dan foto oleh Andri S. Subandrio M, Mei 2008 

No content

No content

No content

+ Blinyu Tg. Penyusuk + Klabat Gulf 

No content

Peta distribusi sungai-sungai purba (paleo-channel) di perairan Bangka-Belitung (disederhanakan dari Kuenen, 1919. 

Contoh rekaman seismik yang menunjukkan batuan alas (bedrock), paleochannel dan coarse fluvial deposits (Ringis, 1993). 

MARINE SURVEY IN ACTION Traditionaly fish boat is mounted with Hi- Tech equipments for tin sand exploration @ sea bed of Karimata Strait 

No content

No content

No content

Single channel seismic ”boomer” in action for seafloor mapping @ Blinyu offshore of Bangka . 

Path way of research vessel (fish boat) for tin sand exploration @ sea bed of Karimata Strait 

BATHYMETRY MAP OF TG. PENYUSUK OFFSHORE 

SINGLE CHANNEL SEISMIC PROFILE OF LINE-38 AND ITS INTREPRETATION 

3D-BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SEAFLOOR CONSTRUCTED FROM BATHYMETRY MAP 

MAP OF BASEMENT DEPTH OF TG. PENYUSUK OFFSHORE 

3D – BLOCK DIAGRAM OF BASEMENT MORPHOLOGY OF TG. PENYUSUK OFFSHORE ( North – South View) 

3D – BLOCK DIAGRAM OF BASEMENT MORPHOLOGY OF TG. PENYUSUK OFFSHORE ( North-West – South-East View) 

ISOPACH MAP OF SEDIMENT THICKNESS OF TG. PENYUSUK OFFSHORE 

3D BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SEDIMENT THICKNESS OF TG. PENYUSUK OFFSHORE 

CHAPTER 5 Conclusion and Recommendation Conclusions The alluvial sediments in the northern part area are generally present in W-E trending wide valleys. The stream sediment are assumed being deposited in a relatively calm fluvial environment before the Holocene transgression, when a Sunda landscape between eastern Sumatra and western Kalimatan, landward of the fluvial sand, still existed above sea level. The general paleo-channel orientation for the present found is to be West - East. Depth of paleo-channel and thickness of sediment infill in research area of Penyusuk offshore is relative increase northward. Recommendation for Future Offshore Exploration The imagery derived from seafloor-mapping systems should be validated by sediment sampling such as by gravity coring or dredging, especially in the northern zone and some deepest valley points of Tanjung Penyusuk offshore (see proposed map for drilling point of Figure… ). The aim of drilling exploration is to proof or identify the presentation tin bearing sediment associated with paleo-channel of Tanjung Penyusuk offshore. 

MINING OF TIN PLACER FROM SEAFLOOR AT KLABAT GULF BY PT TIMAH 

Tin & REE Granite & Sand Rich @ Bangka Beach 

High Purity Quartz Sand of Singkep Island for Photovoltaic Industry High Purity Quartz Sand Prospection 

Geological Map of Tanjungpinang Geological Map of Dabo 

Cretaceous Red Sandstone of Sebangka Island – Riau Islands 

No content

CRETACEOUS ARENITE SANDSTONE & HIGH PURITY QUARTZ SAND DEPOSIT 

Folded Cretaceous Sandstone @ Sebangka Island – Riau Islands 

Folded CRETACEOUS ARENITE SANDSTONE of riau islands 

Cretaceous Red Sandstone of Riau Islands Folded CRETACEOUS ARENITE SANDSTONE of riau islands 

Strongly Folded of Red Cretaceous Sandstone of Riau Islands 

Silica Sand @ Singkep Island Dune Slack Yellow Dune Yellow Dune 

SINGKEP Pile of quartz/silica sand from mining at Tanjung Kualakukas. The whiter silica sand is the result of washing ready to ship. Some of Singkep's beaches have potential for the development of wind energy, traffic currents, marine tourism, sailing and kite sports as well as pearl farming, clam, crab and reef fish farming. 

Granite & Metamorphic Rocks of Selayar Islands – Riau Islands PROSPECTION OF GRANITE FOR MINERAL & DIMENSION STONE 

No content

URANIUM BEARING TWO MICA GRANITE AT SIHAPORAS RIVER, SIBOLGA 

(Subandrio, 1997). •214±2.4 Ma •231±5.0 Ma •210±2.0 Ma Uranium bearing granite of Sibolga – North Sumatra 

Biotite Muscovite URANIUM BEARING TWO MICA GRANITE AT SIHAPORAS RIVER, SIBOLGA 

CG; Biotite Granite 1 mm MG; Hornblende Syenite 1 mm FG; Biotite Syenite 1 mm VFG; MetaRhyolite 1 mm PETROLOGY MAIN ACID IGNEOUS ROCKS OF SGC 

ACCESSORIES ASSEMBLAGE OF SGC Zircon in Biotite Granite 1 mm Monazite in Biotite Granite 1 mm Sphene in Biotite Granite 1 mm Alanite in Hornblende Granite 1 mm Alanite 

DREDGING : NIGHT & DAY BANDAMIN III Submarine Hydrothermal Expedition of Northern Flores Sea 

Persiapan Van Veen Grab Peluncuran Penarikan VAN VEEN GRAB BANDAMIN II Submarine Hydrothermal Expedition of Northern Flores Sea 

CTD Method Conductivity, Temperature and Depth 

CHALENGE FOR MARINE MINERAL & ENERGY EXPLORATION 

Exploration of Silica Sand @ Riau Islands