WEB+DB PRESSと私 - Speaker Deck

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Ҵඌঘಙɺେߐށ3VCZձٞɺ 8%#13&44ͱࢲ

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͜͜·Ͱͷ಺༰Λ౿·͑Ε͹ϖʔδͷຊ΋ॻ͚·͢ ໨͚࣍ͩͰສઍจࣈ vi ໨࣍˔'MVFOUE࣮ફೖ໳ɹ౷߹ϩάج൫ͷͨΊͷσʔλऩूπʔϧ ͸͡Ίʹ ................................................................................................................................ iii ँࣙ ....................................................................................................................................... iv ຊॻͷಡΈਐΊํ ......................................................................................................... v ຊॻͷલఏ஌ࣝ............................................................................................................. v ର৅όʔδϣϯ .............................................................................................................. v ಈ࡞؀ڥ ....................................................................................................................... v αϙʔτϖʔδ .............................................................................................................. v ୈ 1 ষ 'MVFOUEͱ͸Կ͔ ........................................................................................... 1 1.1 'MVFOUEɹ౷߹ϩάج൫ͷͨΊͷσʔλऩूπʔϧ 2 1.2 ϩάͱ͸Կ͔ 3 ϩάͷछྨ ............................................................................................................................. 3 γεςϜϩάɹίϯϐϡʔλγεςϜͷঢ়گΛه࿥͢Δ ........................................................... 3 ΞΫηεϩάɹ8FCαʔϏε΁ͷϦΫΤετΛه࿥͢Δ ........................................................... 4 ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯϩάɹίϯϐϡʔλγεςϜͰՔಇ͢ΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷڍಈΛه࿥͢Δ .......... 4 ૢ࡞ϩά΍ߦಈϩάɺ *P5ͷϩάɹΑΓৄࡉʹϢʔβʔͷڍಈΛه࿥͢Δ ................................ 5 େن໛σʔλॲཧͷ࣌୅ͷ౸དྷ ........................................................................................... 6 σʔλྔͱϢʔεέʔεͷٸܹͳ૿େ ............................................................................ 6 େن໛σʔλॲཧͷͨΊͷιϑτ΢ΣΞͷొ৔ ............................................................... 7 1.3 'MVFOUEͷಛ௃ 8 ॊೈͳσʔλ഑ૹɹೖྗݩͱग़ྗઌΛࣗ༝ʹ૊Έ߹ΘͤΔ ......................................................... 8 ௚઀ͷσʔλೖग़ྗ ...................................................................................................... 9 σʔλసૹΛڬΜͩೖग़ྗ ............................................................................................ 9 ߏ଄Խσʔλɹѻ͏৘ใ͢΂ͯʹҙຯΛ࣋ͨͤΔ...................................................................... 10 ๛෋ͳϓϥάΠϯɹଟ༷ͳೖग़ྗͱ࣮ߦ؀ڥΛαϙʔτ͢Δ ...................................................... 11 'MVFOUEొ৔Ҏલͷ໰୊఺ .......................................................................................... 11 'MVFOUEʹΑΔղܾ ...................................................................................................... 11 ެ։ϓϥάΠϯͷϢʔβʔؒͰͷڞ༗ .......................................................................... 13 ग़ྗͷฒྻԽͱ࠶࣮ߦͷ͠ ͘ΈͷఏڙɹϓϥάΠϯͷ࣮૷Λ؆୯ʹ͠ ͯ։ൃΛࢧԉ͢Δ ............ 14 1.4 'MVFOUEͷσʔλॲཧํࣜ 14 όονॲཧͷ໰୊఺ ............................................................................................................ 14 σʔλ͕·ͱ·͔ͬͯΒసૹ͢Δ ................................................................................... 15 σʔλ͕·ͱ·͔ͬͯΒॲཧ͢Δ ................................................................................... 15 ετ ϦʔϜॲཧʹΑΔղܾ .................................................................................................... 16 σʔλΛଈ࠲ʹసૹ͢Δ .............................................................................................. 16 vii ໨࣍ σʔλΛଈ࠲ʹॲཧ͢Δ .............................................................................................. 17 'MVFOUEͰѻ͑Δσʔλ ...................................................................................................... 17 1.5 'MVFOUEͷϢʔεέʔε 18 ϩάݕࡧΛ͢͹΍࣮͘ߦ ..................................................................................................... 18 ϩάूܭʹΑΔϞχλϦϯάͱ௨஌ͷࣗಈԽ ...................................................................... 18 ϦΞϧλΠ Ϝͳঢ়گ෼ੳ ....................................................................................................... 19 'MVFOUEΛ࢖༻͢΂͖Ͱͳ͍έʔε ................................................................................... 20 1.6 'MVFOUEͷίΞػೳ 20 ϧʔςΟ ϯάɹߦ͖ઌΛ੍ޚ͢Δ ............................................................................................. 21 όοϑΝ ϦϯάɹσʔλΛҰ࣌తʹอଘ͠ ͯ·ͱΊΔ ................................................................... 22 Ϧ τ ϥΠɹࣦഊͨ͠ॲཧΛ΍Γͳ͓͢ ......................................................................................... 23 ϓϥάΠϯػߏɹ͞·͟·ͳػೳΛೖΕସ͑Մೳʹ͢Δ.............................................................. 24 1.7 'MVFOUEͷσʔλ഑ૹํࣜ 24 BUNPTUPODFɹԿ΋ͳ͚Ε͹੒ޭͱ͢Δ ................................................................................ 26 ࠾༻͢Δ΂͖Ϣʔεέʔε ........................................................................................... 26 BUMFBTUPODFɹ੒ޭͨ͠ͱฦࣄ͕ͳ͚Ε͹ࣦഊͱ͢Δ ............................................................. 26 ࠾༻͢Δ΂͖Ϣʔεέʔε ........................................................................................... 27 ίϥϜ'MVFOUEͰ͸ະ࣮૷ͷFYBDUMZPODFɹਖ਼֬ʹճ͚ͩసૹ͢Δ .................................... 28 1.8 'MVFOUEͷόʔδϣϯ 31 1.9 ຊॻͷߏ੒ 32 1.10 ·ͱΊ 33 ୈ 2 ষ 'MVFOUEͷΠϯε τʔϧ ....................................................................... 35 2.1 'MVFOUEͷಈ࡞؀ڥ 36 'MVFOUEʹඞཁͳϗετੑೳ .............................................................................................. 36 2.2 Πϯε τʔϧલͷ४උ 37 ࣌ࠁͷಉظͷઃఆɹ/51Λ༻͍ͯ࣌ࠁΛ߹ΘͤΔ .................................................................. 37 γεςϜϦιʔε੍ݶͷมߋɹଟ਺ͷϑΝΠϧΛѻ͑ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ ............................................ 37 ϑΝΠϧσΟ εΫϦϓλͷઃఆ ....................................................................................... 37 ωοτϫʔΫؔ࿈ͷઃఆ ............................................................................................... 39 ࣮ߦ಺༰ͷݕ౼ ................................................................................................................... 39 2.3 Πϯε τʔϧํ๏ͷબ୒ 41 ύοέʔδΛ༻͍ͨΠϯετʔϧ ......................................................................................... 41 UEBHFOUɹྺ࢙ͱ࣮੷ͷ҆ఆ൛ ....................................................................................... 41 viii DBMZQUJBqVFOUEɹ৽ੈ୅ͷ҆ఆ൛ ................................................................................ 41 ύοέʔδΛ༻͍ͳ͍Πϯετʔϧ ..................................................................................... 42 HFNɹखݩ؀ڥͰͷ'MVFOUEར༻ʹ ................................................................................... 42 ιʔείʔυɹ'MVFOUEຊମͷ։ൃʹ ................................................................................ 42 2.4 ύοέʔδΛ༻͍ͨΠϯε τʔϧ 43 SQNύοέʔδɹ3FE)BU&OUFSQSJTF-JOVYɺ "NB[PO-JOVYͳͲ ............................................. 43 UEBHFOUͷΠϯετʔϧ .............................................................................................. 43 DBMZQUJBqVFOUEͷΠϯετʔϧ .................................................................................. 43 ઃఆϑΝΠϧͷ৔ॴ ..................................................................................................... 44 ىಈʗఀࢭํ๏ .......................................................................................................... 44 EFCύοέʔδɹ6CVOUVɺ %FCJBO(/6-JOVYͳͲ ................................................................. 44 UEBHFOUͷΠϯετʔϧ .............................................................................................. 44 DBMZQUJBqVFOUEͷΠϯετʔϧ .................................................................................. 45 ઃఆϑΝΠϧͷ৔ॴ ..................................................................................................... 45 ىಈʗఀࢭํ๏ .......................................................................................................... 46 NTJύοέʔδɹ8JOEPXT .................................................................................................... 46 UEBHFOUͷΠϯετʔϧ .............................................................................................. 46 DBMZQUJBqVFOUEͷΠϯετʔϧ .................................................................................. 47 ઃఆϑΝΠϧͷ৔ॴ ..................................................................................................... 47 ىಈʗఀࢭํ๏ .......................................................................................................... 47 2.5 ύοέʔδΛ༻͍ͳ͍Πϯε τʔϧ 48 HFNɹखݩ؀ڥͰͷ'MVFOUEར༻ʹ ......................................................................................... 48 'MVFOUEͷΠϯετʔϧ ................................................................................................ 48 ઃఆϑΝΠϧͷ৔ॴ ..................................................................................................... 48 ىಈʗఀࢭํ๏ .......................................................................................................... 49 ιʔείʔυɹ'MVFOUEຊମͷ։ൃʹ....................................................................................... 49 'MVFOUEͷΠϯετʔϧ ................................................................................................ 49 ઃఆϑΝΠϧͷ৔ॴ ..................................................................................................... 50 ىಈʗఀࢭํ๏ .......................................................................................................... 50 2.6 ·ͱΊ 50 ୈ 3 ষ 'MVFOUEͷγεςϜઃఆ .................................................................... 51 3.1 'MVFOUEͷγεςϜઃఆɹ'MVFOUEͦͷ΋ͷͷڍಈΛࢦఆ͢Δ 52 ಈ࡞ํ๏ؔ࿈ͷύϥϝʔλ ................................................................................................. 53 QSPDFTT@OBNFύϥϝʔλɹϓϩηε໊Λࢦఆ͢Δ ........................................................... 53 XPSLFSTύϥϝʔλɹϫʔΧʔ਺Λࢦఆ͢Δ ...................................................................... 53 XJUIPVU@TPVSDFύϥϝʔλɹ*OQVUϓϥάΠϯͳ͠ Ͱىಈ͢Δ .............................................. 54 FOBCMF@NTHQBDL@UJNF@TVQQPSUύϥϝʔλɹ5JNFΦϒδΣΫτΛॲཧՄೳʹ͢Δ .............. 54 TUSJDU@DPOpH@WBMVFύϥϝʔλɹύϥϝʔλܕͷνΣ οΫΛݫີʹߦ͏ ................................. 55 ix ໨࣍ SFTUBSU@XPSLFS@JOUFSWBMύϥϝʔλɹϫʔΧʔϓϩηε࠶ىಈ࣌ʹ଴ͪ࣌ؒΛ࣋ͭ ............... 55 EJTBCMF@TIBSFE@TPDLFUύϥϝʔλɹϓϩηεؒڞ༗ιέο τΛ࢖༻͠ͳ͍ .......................... 55 ϑΝΠϧγεςϜؔ࿈ͷύϥϝʔλ ..................................................................................... 56 SPPU@EJSύϥϝʔλɹϓϥάΠϯ༻σΟ εΫεϖʔεΛࢦఆ͢Δ .............................................. 56 pMF@QFSNJTTJPOύϥϝʔλɹϑΝΠϧ࡞੒࣌ͷσϑΥϧτύʔϛ ογϣϯΛࢦఆ͢Δ ................. 57 EJS@QFSNJTTJPOύϥϝʔλɹσΟ ϨΫτ Ϧ࡞੒࣌ͷσϑΥϧτύʔϛ ογϣϯΛࢦఆ͢Δ .............. 57 ϩάग़ྗؔ࿈ͷύϥϝʔλ .................................................................................................. 57 MPH@MFWFMύϥϝʔλɹ'MVFOUEશମͷϩάϨϕϧΛࢦఆ͢Δ ................................................ 57 TVQQSFTT@DPOpH@EVNQύϥϝʔλɹϩά΁ͷઃఆμϯϓΛग़ྗ͠ͳ͍ .............................. 58 TVQQSFTT@SFQFBUFE@TUBDLUSBDFύϥϝʔλ ɹ࿈ଓͨ͠ಉҰΤϥʔͷελοΫτϨʔεΛग़ྗ͠ͳ͍ ............................................................ 58 MPH@FWFOU@WFSCPTFύϥϝʔλɹఀࢭॲཧ࣌ʹ΋ϩάΛग़ྗ͢Δ ........................................ 59 FNJU@FSSPS@MPH@JOUFSWBMύϥϝʔλɹ*OQVUϓϥάΠϯͷFNJUࣦഊϩάͷग़ྗΛ཈੍͢Δ ........ 59 JHOPSF@SFQFBUFE@MPH@JOUFSWBMύϥϝʔλɹ࿈ଓ͠ ͯൃੜ͢ΔಉҰϩάͷग़ྗΛ཈੍͢Δ ...... 59 JHOPSF@TBNF@MPH@JOUFSWBMύϥϝʔλɹಉҰϩάͷग़ྗΛ཈੍͢Δ .................................. 60 ϩάग़ྗؔ࿈ͷৄࡉύϥϝʔλ .......................................................................................... 60 GPSNBUύϥϝʔλɹϩάͷॻࣜΛࢦఆ͢Δ........................................................................ 60 UJNF@GPSNBUύϥϝʔλɹϩάͷ೔࣌ܗࣜΛࢦఆ͢Δ ........................................................ 61 SPUBUF@TJ[FύϥϝʔλɹϩάϑΝΠϧͷαΠζ্ݶΛࢦఆ͢Δ .............................................. 61 SPUBUF@BHFύϥϝʔλɹอ࣋͢ΔϩάϑΝΠϧͷੈ୅਺Λࢦఆ͢Δ ........................................ 62 31$ؔ࿈ͷύϥϝʔλ ........................................................................................................ 62 SQD@FOEQPJOUύϥϝʔλɹ31$ૢ࡞༻ͷΤϯυϙΠϯτΛىಈ͢Δ ....................................... 62 FOBCMF@HFU@EVNQύϥϝʔλɹઃఆμϯϓΛग़ྗ͢Δ31$ΤϯυϙΠϯτΛ༗ޮԽ͢Δ ........... 63 3.2 'MVFOUEͷίϚϯυϥΠϯΦϓγϣϯɹ'MVFOUEΛͲͷΑ͏ʹىಈ͢Δ͔Λࢦఆ͢Δ 63 ࢖༻ՄೳͳίϚϯυϥΠϯΦϓγϣϯ .................................................................................. 63 ύοέʔδʹΑΔ'MVFOUEͷίϚϯυϥΠϯΦϓγϣϯࢦఆ ............................................... 63 -JOVYͰͷ؀ڥม਺Λ༻͍ͨࢦఆ ................................................................................ 66 8JOEPXTͰͷϨδετ ϦΛ༻͍ͨࢦఆ ......................................................................... 67 3.3 ઃఆมߋͷ൓өɹઃఆΛ'MVFOUEʹਖ਼͠ ͘ಡΈࠐ·ͤΔ 67 શମͷ࠶ىಈʹΑΔ൓ө ..................................................................................................... 67 Ұ෦ͷ࠶ىಈ·ͨ͸࠶ಡΈࠐΈʹΑΔ൓ө ....................................................................... 68 ϫʔΧʔϓϩηεͷ࠶ىಈʹΑΔ൓ө .......................................................................... 68 ϫʔΧʔϓϩηε͔Βͷઃఆ࠶ಡΈࠐΈʹΑΔ൓ө ..................................................... 68 3.4 γάφϧɺ 31$ʹΑΔϓϩηε؅ཧɹಈ࡞தͷ'MVFOUEΛૢ࡞͢Δ 69 3.5 ·ͱΊ 70 ୈ 4 ষ ઃఆϑΝΠϧͷॻࣜͱߏ଄ ................................................................. 71 4.1 ઃఆͷߏ੒ཁૉɹϦςϥϧɺ ύϥϝʔλɺ σΟ ϨΫςΟ ϒ 72 x 4.2 Ϧςϥϧɹ໊લ΍஋Λදݱ͢Δ 73 Ϧςϥϧͷߏ଄ɹ͞·͟·ͳจࣈྻ ......................................................................................... 73 ۭͷϦςϥϧɹจࣈͷจࣈྻ ............................................................................................... 73 γϯάϧΫΦʔτʹΑΔϦςϥϧɹۭന΍վߦΛؚΉจࣈྻ ................................................... 74 μϒϧΫΦʔτʹΑΔϦςϥϧɹಛघͳॲཧ͕༗ޮͱͳΔ ........................................................ 74 όοΫεϥογϡʹΑΔΤεέʔϓจࣈ ......................................................................... 75 3VCZࣜͷຒΊࠐΈ ..................................................................................................... 75 4.3 ίϝϯ τɹಈ࡞ʹӨڹ͠ͳ͍஫ऍΛॻ͘ 75 4.4 ύϥϝʔλɹ໊લͱܕͷ͋Δ஋ͷ૊Έ߹ΘͤΛఆٛ͢Δ 76 ύϥϝʔλͷߏ଄ɹ໊લͱ஋ͷܕΛ࣋ͭ ................................................................................. 76 ໊લɹԿΛઃఆ͢Δ͔Λࢦఆ͢Δ ...................................................................................... 76 ஋ͷܕɹύϥϝʔλ͕ड͚औΔ஋ͷܕΛࢦఆ͢Δ.................................................................. 76 ύϥϝʔλͷܕ ..................................................................................................................... 77 ੔਺ܕɺ ුಈখ਺఺਺ܕɹ਺஋Λදݱ͢Δ ...................................................................... 77 αΠζܕɺ ࣌ؒܕɹ୯Ґ෇͖ࢦఆ͕Մೳͳ਺஋Λදݱ͢Δ .................................................... 77 ਅِ஋ܕɹUSVF͔GBMTFͷͲͪΒ͔Λදݱ͢Δ ..................................................................... 78 จࣈྻܕɹจࣈͷू߹Λදݱ͢Δ .................................................................................... 79 ྻڍܕɹطఆͷ஋ͷͲΕ͔Λදݱ͢Δ ............................................................................... 79 ഑ྻܕɹෳ਺ͷ஋Λදݱ͢Δ ........................................................................................... 79 ϋογϡܕɹෳ਺ͷ໊લͱ஋ͷϖΞΛදݱ͢Δ .................................................................... 80 ਖ਼نදݱܕɹจࣈྻͷύλʔϯΛදݱ͢Δ ......................................................................... 80 ϨίʔυͷΩʔΛද͢ύϥϝʔλ .................................................................................. 81 ύϥϝʔλͷσϑΥϧτ஋ .................................................................................................... 83 4.5 σΟ ϨΫςΟϒɹߏ଄Λܾఆ͢Δཁૉ 83 σΟ ϨΫςΟ ϒͷߏ଄ɹύϥϝʔλͷू߹ΛλάͰғΉ ............................................................. 83 λάɹσΟ ϨΫςΟ ϒͷछྨΛఆٛ͢Δ ................................................................................ 83 Ҿ਺ɹσΟ ϨΫςΟ ϒʹ৘ใΛ௥Ճ͢Δ ............................................................................... 84 ύϥϝʔλɹσΟ ϨΫςΟ ϒ୯ҐͰ༗ޮͳઃఆΛࢦఆ͢Δ ....................................................... 84 ηΫγϣϯɹઃఆ஋Λ༩͑ΒΕͨσΟ ϨΫςΟ ϒΛද͢ ........................................................... 85 طఆͷσΟ ϨΫςΟ ϒɹ'MVFOUEຊମʹඞਢͷػೳΛ࣮ݱ͢Δ ................................................... 85 TZTUFNσΟ ϨΫςΟϒɹ'MVFOUEશମΛઃఆ͢Δ .......................................................... 86 XPSLFSσΟ ϨΫςΟϒɹݸผͷϫʔΧʔΛઃఆ͢Δ ....................................................... 86 TPVSDFσΟ ϨΫςΟϒɹ*OQVUϓϥάΠϯΛઃఆ͢Δ ....................................................... 87 NBUDIσΟ ϨΫςΟϒɹ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯΛઃఆ͢Δ ..................................................... 88 pMUFSσΟ ϨΫςΟϒɹ'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯΛઃఆ͢Δ .......................................................... 89 MBCFMσΟ ϨΫςΟϒɹϥϕϧͷ෇͍ͨΠϕϯτΛϧʔςΟ ϯά͢Δ ..................................... 90 ͦͷ΄͔ͷσΟ ϨΫςΟϒɹϓϥάΠϯʹػೳΛఏڙ͢Δ ..................................................... 92 4.6 TPVSDFɺ NBUDIɺ pMUFSσΟ ϨΫςΟϒͷ༧໿ޠύϥϝʔλ 93 !UZQFύϥϝʔλɹ࢖༻͢ΔϓϥάΠϯ໊Λࢦఆ͢Δ ................................................................ 93 !JEύϥϝʔλɹϓϥάΠϯઃఆʹ*%Λ෇͚ͯ൑ผՄೳʹ͢Δ .................................................... 93 !MPH@MFWFMύϥϝʔλɹϓϥάΠϯ୯ҐͰϩάϨϕϧΛࢦఆ͢Δ .............................................. 94 xi ໨࣍ !MBCFMύϥϝʔλɹΠϕϯτͷϧʔςΟ ϯά੍ޚ༻ϥϕϧΛࢦఆ͢Δ .......................................... 95 4.7 !JODMVEFɹઃఆϑΝΠϧʹ΄͔ͷϑΝΠϧͷهड़ΛऔΓࠐΉ 95 ֤αʔό΁ͷڞ௨ઃఆͷऔΓࠐΈ...................................................................................... 96 ֤ϓϥάΠϯ΁ͷڞ௨ύϥϝʔλͷऔΓࠐΈ ...................................................................... 97 63-Λ༻͍ͨ)551ܦ༝ͰͷऔΓࠐΈ .............................................................................. 97 4.8 ઃఆϑΝΠϧͷશମ૾ 98 4.9 ·ͱΊ 99 ίϥϜ:".-ʹΑΔઃఆϑΝΠϧهड़ ............................................................................... 100 ୈ 5 ষ ϓϥάΠϯͷجຊ .......................................................................................... 103 5.1 'MVFOUEʹ͓͚ΔϓϥάΠϯɹ'MVFOUEͷओཁͳػೳΛ࣮ݱ͢Δ 104 5.2 ϓϥάΠϯͷϥΠϑαΠΫϧɹॳظԽ͔Βىಈɺ ఀࢭɺ ഁغ·Ͱ 104 5.3 ϓϥάΠϯͷछྨ 105 ϓϥάΠϯ໊ͷϧʔϧɹछྨͱ໊લͷ૊Έ߹Θ͔ͤΒͳΔ ..................................................... 107 ϓϥάΠϯͷػೳʹΑΔ෼ྨ ............................................................................................. 108 ΦʔφʔϓϥάΠϯɹΠϕϯτॲཧͷத৺ͱͳΔ*OQVUɺ 'JMUFSɺ 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯ .......................108 Φ΢ϯυϓϥάΠϯɹϓϥάΠϯ͔Β࢖ΘΕΔͦͷ΄͔ͷϓϥάΠϯ .......................................108 ϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹϓϥάΠϯʹڞ௨ͷػೳΛఏڙ͢Δ ....................................................... 109 5.4 ϓϥάΠϯͷΠϯε τʔϧ 111 3VCZ(FNTʹΑΔΠϯετʔϧɹެ։͞Ε͍ͯΔϓϥάΠϯΛΠϯετʔϧ͢Δ ....................... 111 ίϚϯυϥΠϯࢦఆ·ͨ͸σΟ ϨΫ τ Ϧ഑ஔʹΑΔΠϯετʔϧ ɹϑΝΠϧ͚ͩͷϓϥάΠϯΛಡΈࠐ·ͤΔ ............................................................................. 112 (FNpMFʹΑΔ؅ཧɹ࢖༻͢ΔϓϥάΠϯͱͦͷόʔδϣϯΛ·ͱΊͯࢦఆ͢Δ .......................... 113 5.5 ϓϥάΠϯ୳ࡧͷ͘͠Έ 114 ϓϥάΠϯͷϑΝΠϧ໊ͷϧʔϧɹछྨͷͨΊͷ઀಄ࣙΛ࣋ͭ ............................................. 114 ϓϥάΠϯ୳ࡧͷ༏ઌॱҐ ................................................................................................ 115 5.6 ·ͱΊ 116 ୈ 6 ষ Πϕϯ τσʔλ .................................................................................................. 117 6.1 'MVFOUEʹ͓͚ΔΠϕϯ τɹλάɺ ೔࣌ͱϨίʔυ͔ΒͳΔ 118 6.2 Πϕϯ τͷߏ଄ 119 xii λάɹσʔλͷൃੜݩ΍छྨΛදݱ͢Δ .................................................................................. 119 λά͸υοτ۠੾Γͷจࣈྻ ........................................................................................119 λάͷઃܭํ਑ ..........................................................................................................119 ೔࣌ɹσʔλ͕͍ͭൃੜ͔ͨ͠Λࣔ͢ ..................................................................................... 120 φϊඵਫ਼౓ʹΑΔ೔࣌ .................................................................................................120 λΠ Ϝκʔϯ΁ͷ഑ྀͷඞཁੑ ....................................................................................121 Ϩίʔυɹ఻ୡ͢΂͖σʔλͷ಺༰ͦͷ΋ͷ ............................................................................ 121 Ωʔͱ஋ͷϖΞͷू߹ʹΑΔσʔλදݱ ......................................................................122 Ϩίʔυͷେ͖͞ͷ੍໿ ..............................................................................................122 6.3 Πϕϯ τͷྲྀΕ 123 ΠϕϯτͷجຊతͳྲྀΕɹ*OQVUϓϥάΠϯʹΑΓೖྗ͞Εɺ 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯʹΑΓग़ྗ͞ΕΔ ... 123 *OQVUϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔΠϕϯτͷੜ੒ .........................................................................124 3PVUFSʹΑΔΠϕϯτͷϧʔςΟ ϯά ...........................................................................124 ϥϕϧΛ༻͍ͨΠϕϯτॲཧ಺༰ͷఆٛ ......................................................................124 'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔΠϕϯτͷॲཧ .........................................................................126 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔΠϕϯτͷग़ྗ .......................................................................126 ͦͷ΄͔ͷΠϕϯτͷྲྀΕ ................................................................................................. 126 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔྫ֎తͳΠϕϯτੜ੒ ............................................................126 Τϥʔετ ϦʔϜɹਖ਼ৗʹॲཧͰ͖ͳ͍Πϕϯτͷߦ͖ઌ .....................................................127 ϩάετ ϦʔϜɹ'MVFOUEࣗ਎ͷϩά΋Πϕϯτͱ͠ ͯѻ͏ ......................................................128 6.4 ϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔσʔλॲཧ 130 σʔλͷೖྗͱऔΓࠐΈʹؔΘΔϓϥάΠϯ .................................................................... 130 *OQVUϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλΛೖྗ͢Δ ...............................................................................130 1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯɹςΩετσʔλΛղੳ͢Δ ..................................................................131 FYUSBDUϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹλά΍೔࣌ΛϨίʔυ͔Βநग़͢Δ ........................................132 σʔλͷॻࣜͱग़ྗʹؔΘΔϓϥάΠϯ ........................................................................... 133 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλΛग़ྗ͢Δ .............................................................................133 'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλͷॻࣜΛมߋ͢Δ ...............................................................134 JOKFDUϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹλά΍೔࣌ΛϨίʔυʹ஫ೖ͢Δ .............................................135 σʔλͷॲཧΛߦ͏ϓϥάΠϯ .......................................................................................... 136 'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλͷআڈ΍෇Ճɺ มߋΛߦ͏ ............................................................136 6.5 'MVFOUEͷϓϩηεͱΠϕϯ τॲཧ 137 'MVFOUEͷϓϩηεߏ੒ɹεʔύʔόΠβʔͱϫʔΧʔ ........................................................ 137 ϓϩηε؅ཧΛߦ͏εʔύʔόΠβʔϓϩηε ............................................................138 σʔλॲཧΛߦ͏ϫʔΧʔϓϩηε .............................................................................138 ࣮ߦϓϩηε໊ͷมߋ ...................................................................................................... 139 ෳ਺ϫʔΧʔɹෳ਺ϓϩηεͷར༻ʹΑΓॲཧੑೳΛҾ্͖͛Δ .............................................. 140 ෳ਺ϫʔΧʔʹΑΔσʔλॲཧ ....................................................................................140 ϓϥάΠϯ͝ͱͷෳ਺ϫʔΧʔରԠ..............................................................................141 ෳ਺ϫʔΧʔಈ࡞ʹඇରԠͷϓϥάΠϯͷ࢖༻ ...........................................................142 6.6 .FTTBHF1BDLɹ'MVFOUE͕࢖༻͢ΔΠϕϯτσʔλදݱํ๏ 143 xiii ໨࣍ ޮ཰తͳσʔλදݱͷඞཁੑ ........................................................................................... 143 όοϑΝϦϯάͷͨΊͷߴ͍σʔλಡΈॻ͖ੑೳ .........................................................143 ωοτϫʔΫసૹʹ൐͏ߴޮ཰ͳσʔλม׵ ................................................................143 Ұൠతͳख๏Ͱ͋Δ+40/ͷ໰୊఺ɹ௿͍αΠζޮ཰ ....................................................... 144 .FTTBHF1BDLʹΑΔղܾɹόΠφϦʹΑΔޮ཰తͳσʔλදݱ............................................ 145 6.7 ·ͱΊ 146 ୈ 7 ষ ϓϥάΠϯ͝ͱͷ໾ׂ .............................................................................. 147 7.1 ͞·͟·ͳछྨͷϓϥάΠϯ 148 7.2 *OQVUϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλͷೖྗΛ୲౰͢Δ 148 *OQVUϓϥάΠϯ͕࣮ߦ͢Δॲཧ ...................................................................................... 149 *OQVUϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔΠϕϯτੜ੒ .................................................................................. 150 λάͷ෇༩ .................................................................................................................150 ೔࣌ͷੜ੒ .................................................................................................................151 Ϩίʔυͷੜ੒ ...........................................................................................................151 !MBCFMύϥϝʔλʹΑΔϧʔςΟ ϯάઌͷܾఆ ............................................................... 151 Πϕϯτੜ੒Λߦ͏ෳ਺ͷFNJUϝιο υͱੑೳಛੑ ......................................................... 152 7.3 'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯɹ*OQVUϓϥάΠϯͱ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷؒͰσʔλΛՃ޻͢Δ 152 'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯ͕࣮ߦ͢Δॲཧ ...................................................................................... 153 7.4 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλͷग़ྗΛ୲౰͢Δ 154 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯ͕࣮ߦ͢Δॲཧ ................................................................................... 155 όοϑΝ Ϧϯάͷ༗ແ ......................................................................................................... 155 όοϑΝϦϯάΛߦΘͳ͍ඇόοϑΝ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯ ................................................157 όοϑΝϦϯάΛߦ͏όοϑΝ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯ ...........................................................157 εϨο υɹग़ྗॲཧΛೖྗ͔Β෼཭͠ɺ ฒྻԽ͢Δ .................................................................... 158 εϨουઃఆͷߟ͑ํ .................................................................................................159 όοϑΝνϟϯΫɹνϟϯΫΩʔ͝ͱʹσʔλΛ·ͱΊΔ ............................................................ 160 νϟϯΫΩʔͷলུɹશσʔλ͕·ͱΊͯॻ͔ΕΔ.............................................................160 ΩϟϯΫΩʔ΁ͷλά΍೔࣌ͷࢦఆɹಉ͡λά΍࣌ؒͰ·ͱΊΔ ........................................161 ෳࡶͳνϟϯΫΩʔͷࢦఆ...........................................................................................162 ϓϨʔεϗϧμల։ɹνϟϯΫΩʔͷ৘ใΛग़ྗʹ΋༻͍Δ ................................................... 164 ೔࣌ͷͨΊͷϓϨʔεϗϧμ ......................................................................................164 λά΍Ϩίʔυதͷ஋ͷͨΊͷϓϨʔεϗϧμ ...........................................................165 ͦͷ΄͔ͷಛघͳϓϨʔεϗϧμͱ૊Έ߹Θͤ ..........................................................166 qVTIύϥϝʔλͱνϟϯΫαΠζɹσʔλग़ྗͷཻ౓ͱස౓Λ੍ޚ͢Δ ................................. 166 qVTI@NPEFύϥϝʔλʹΑΔৄࡉͳग़ྗͷ੍ޚ .........................................................167 qVTI@UISFBEύϥϝʔλ܈ɹσʔλग़ྗͷස౓ͱฒྻ౓Λ੍ޚ͢Δ ...................................... 168 qVTI@UISFBE@DPVOUύϥϝʔλɹग़ྗͷฒྻ਺Λࢦఆ͢Δ ..............................................168 xiv qVTI@UISFBE@JOUFSWBMύϥϝʔλɹग़ྗॲཧͷִؒΛࢦఆ͢Δ ........................................168 qVTI@UISFBE@CVSTU@JOUFSWBMύϥϝʔλɹ࿈ଓͨ͠σʔλग़ྗΛ཈ࢭ͢Δ .........................169 qVTI@UISFBEύϥϝʔλ܈ͷؔ܎ ...............................................................................169 SFUSZύϥϝʔλɹग़ྗॲཧͷϦ τ ϥΠΛ੍ޚ͢Δ .................................................................... 169 FYQPOFOUJBM@CBDLP⒎ɹඪ४ͷϦ τϥΠํ๏ ....................................................................170 QFSJPEJDɹΑΓΘ͔Γ΍͍͢Ϧ τ ϥΠํ๏ ...........................................................................171 Ϧ τ ϥΠઃఆʹ͓͚Δ஫ҙ఺ ........................................................................................172 Ϧ τ ϥΠ͕͍ͭ·Ͱ΋੒ޭ͠ͳ͍৔߹ͷॲཧ ................................................................172 4FDPOEBSZ0VUQVUɹճ෮ෆೳͳΤϥʔʹରॲ͢Δ .............................................................. 173 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯ͕ग़ྗʹࣦഊ͠ଓ͚Δ৔߹ͷͨΊͷػೳ .........................................173 ग़ྗࣦഊ࣌ͷ࠷ޙͷखஈͱ ͠ ͯ࢖༻ ............................................................................174 .VMUJ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯɹෳ਺ͷ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯ΁ग़ྗ͢Δಛघͳ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯ .......... 174 PVU@DPQZͱPVU@SPVOESPCJOϓϥάΠϯʹݟΔ.VMUJ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷయܕྫ .........174 7.5 #VGGFSϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλͷόοϑΝ ϦϯάػߏΛ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯʹఏڙ͢Δ 176 #V⒎FSϓϥάΠϯ͕࣮ߦ͢Δॲཧ .................................................................................... 176 ͭͷ#V⒎FSϓϥάΠϯɹอଘ৔ॴͱ ͠ ͯϝϞϦ͔ϑΝΠϧ͔Λબ୒͢Δ ................................... 177 NFNPSZɹϝϞϦۭؒʹσʔλΛอଘ͢Δ..........................................................................177 pMFɹࢦఆͨ͠ύεͷϑΝΠϧʹσʔλΛอଘ͢Δ .................................................................177 NFNPSZͱpMFͷબ୒ج४ ..........................................................................................178 pMFʹಛ༗ͷ஫ҙ఺ ....................................................................................................178 qVTI@BU@TIVUEPXOύϥϝʔλɹ'MVFOUEఀࢭ࣌ʹσʔλΛग़ྗ͢Δ .................................. 179 νϟϯΫαΠζͷ੍ޚ ........................................................................................................ 179 νϟϯΫαΠζͷϨίʔυ਺ʹΑΔ੍ޚ ........................................................................180 όοϑΝ૯༰ྔͷ੍ޚ ....................................................................................................... 181 όοϑΝ૯༰ྔΛ࢖͍੾ͬͨ৔߹ͷॲཧ ......................................................................181 ѹॖΦϓγϣϯʹΑΔόοϑΝ࢖༻༰ྔͷ࡟ݮ .............................................................182 7.6 1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλΛղੳ͢Δ 182 1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯ͕࣮ߦ͢Δॲཧ .................................................................................... 183 1BSTFSʹΑΔ೔࣌ղੳ ...................................................................................................... 184 1BSTFSʹΑΔܕม׵ ......................................................................................................... 185 1BSTFS͕ۭͩͱ൑அ͢Δ஋ͷࢦఆ ................................................................................... 186 7.7 'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯɹΠϕϯτΛςΩετσʔλʹ੔ܗ͢Δ 187 'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯ͕࣮ߦ͢Δॲཧ .............................................................................. 189 'PSNBUUFSʹΑΔ೔࣌ม׵ ............................................................................................... 189 7.8 4UPSBHFϓϥάΠϯɹϓϥάΠϯͷͨΊͷอଘػೳΛఏڙ͢Δ 190 4UPSBHFϓϥάΠϯ͕࣮ߦ͢Δॲཧ.................................................................................. 190 7.9 4FSWJDF%JTDPWFSZϓϥάΠϯɹ࿈ܞઌαʔϏεΛ؅ཧ͢Δ 192 4FSWJDF%JTDPWFSZϓϥάΠϯ͕࣮ߦ͢Δॲཧ ............................................................... 193 7.10 ·ͱΊ 194 xv ໨࣍ ୈ 8 ষ ૊ࠐΈϓϥάΠϯ .......................................................................................... 195 8.1 ͞·͟·ͳ૊ࠐΈϓϥάΠϯ 196 8.2 JO@UBJMϓϥάΠϯͱ1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯɹςΩετ ϑΝΠϧ͔ΒσʔλΛಡΈࠐΉ 197 ϩάͷಡΈࠐΈઃఆ .......................................................................................................... 198 ߦ୯ҐͷϩάͷಡΈࠐΈ .........................................................................................198 ෳ਺ߦ͔ΒͳΔϩάͷಡΈࠐΈ ..................................................................................199 ௕͗͢Δߦͷແࢹ .......................................................................................................203 ͞·͟·ͳϑΝΠϧύεࢦఆɹಡΈࠐΈର৅Λॊೈʹࢦఆ͢Δ ............................................... 203 ϫΠϧυΧʔυʹΑΔෳ਺ϑΝΠϧͷฒߦಡΈࠐΈ .......................................................204 ೔࣌ύλʔϯʹΑΔ೔෇ͳͲΛؚΉϑΝΠϧ໊ϩάͷܧଓతͳಡΈࠐΈ .......................204 ෳ਺ϑΝΠϧΛର৅ʹͨ͠ϑΝΠϧͷઌ಄͔ΒͷಡΈࠐΈ ............................................204 ಡΈࠐΈͷఀࢭͱ࠶։ ...................................................................................................... 205 ϩάϩʔςʔγϣϯ࣌ͷJO@UBJMϓϥάΠϯͷڍಈ ............................................................. 206 ϩάϩʔςʔγϣϯޙͷ΋ͱͷϑΝΠϧͷ؂ࢹ ..............................................................208 ϩάϩʔςʔγϣϯޙͷ৽نϑΝΠϧ࡞੒ͷݕग़ .........................................................208 ϫΠϧυΧʔυ࢖༻࣌ͷϩάϩʔςʔγϣϯ .................................................................208 ΞΫηεݖݶͷτ ϥϒϧɹϑΝΠϧͷಡΈࠐΈݖݶͱɺ ࠶։Ґஔʹඞཁͳॻ͖ࠐΈݖݶ ............... 209 8.3 PVU@pMFϓϥάΠϯͱ'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλΛςΩετ ϑΝΠϧʹॻ͖ग़͢ 210 ॻ͖ग़͠୯Ґ͓Αͼσʔλܗࣜͷࢦఆ ............................................................................. 210 λά΍೔࣌ΛؚΜͩϑΝΠϧ໊Ͱͷॻ͖ग़͠ ................................................................212 ϑΝΠϧ୯ҐͰͷॻ͖ग़͓͠Αͼ௥ه ............................................................................... 212 ѹॖϑΝΠϧͰͷॻ͖ग़͠ ................................................................................................. 213 PVU@pMFϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔग़ྗϑΝΠϧͷ֎෦͔Βͷ؂ࢹ ............................................... 214 8.4 JO@GPSXBSEPVU@GPSXBSEϓϥάΠϯɹωο τϫʔΫܦ༝ͰσʔλΛૹड৴͢Δ 214 ϗετؒͰͷσʔλͷ΍Γ ͱ Γ ........................................................................................... 215 BUMFBTUPODFʹΑΔ࣮֬ͳૹ৴ ...................................................................................... 216 BUMFBTUPODFͰͷ௨৴ύλʔϯ .................................................................................216 BUMFBTUPODFͰͷσʔλૹ৴ͷσϝϦ οτ ..................................................................218 σʔλૹ৴ઌͷ؅ཧํ๏ .................................................................................................. 219 σʔλૹ৴ઌͷઃఆϑΝΠϧͰͷ؅ཧ .........................................................................219 σʔλૹ৴ઌͷ4FSWJDF%JTDPWFSZϓϥάΠϯͰͷ؅ཧ ...............................................221 TE@pMFϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔ4FSWJDF%JTDPWFSZϓϥάΠϯͷ࢖༻ྫ ..................................221 ௨৴ͷ҉߸Խɹ5-4ʹΑΔ҉߸Խ௨৴ͰσʔλΛૹΔ ............................................................. 223 ҉߸ԽͷͨΊͷαʔόূ໌ॻͷ४උ ..........................................................................224 ࣄલڞ༗ͨ͠ূ໌ॻΛ$"ͱ ͠ ͯͷαʔόূ໌ॻͷੜ੒ ...............................................226 ૹड৴ͷ૬खͷ૬ޓೝূ ................................................................................................. 230 ڞ༗ΩʔʹΑΔૹड৴૬ޓͷೝূ ...............................................................................230 Ϣʔβʔ໊ͱύεϫʔυʹΑΔૹ৴ऀͷೝূ ...............................................................233 xvi ΩʔϓΞϥΠϒͷར༻ɹཱ֬ͨ͠઀ଓΛ࠶ར༻͠ ͯ઀ଓෛՙΛ࡟ݮ͢Δ ................................... 235 )FBSUCFBUͷ6%1ར༻ɹ௨৴ෛՙΛ࡟ݮ͢Δ .................................................................... 236 ड৴ͨ͠σʔλͷ੍ޚ ....................................................................................................... 237 ϥϕϧʹΑΔड৴σʔλॲཧํ๏ͷ੍ޚ .....................................................................237 ड৴σʔλͷλάͷมߋ .............................................................................................237 ड৴σʔλ΁ͷૹ৴ݩ৘ใͷ௥Ճ ..............................................................................238 ҆શʹѻ͑ͳ͍ड৴σʔλͷແࢹ ...............................................................................239 8.5 PVU@DPQZϓϥάΠϯɹෳ਺ͷϓϥάΠϯͱͷ૊Έ߹ΘͤͰσʔλΛผʑʹॲཧ͢Δ 239 ΄͔ͷ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͱͷ૊Έ߹Θͤྫ .................................................................... 240 PVU@TUEPVUϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλͷத਎Λ֬ೝ͢Δ .............................................................241 PVU@SFMBCFMϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλΛผͷύΠϓϥΠϯ΁෼ذ͢Δ ............................................242 DPQZ@NPEFύϥϝʔλɹଞϓϥάΠϯͷӨڹΛഉআ͢Δ ....................................................... 243 ୯७ͳίϐʔʹΑΔϨίʔυ΁ͷมߋͷճආ ...............................................................244 ਂ͍ίϐʔʹΑΔϨίʔυͷ஋΁ͷมߋͷճආ ............................................................244 ग़ྗΤϥʔͷѻ͍ͷมߋɹϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔॲཧࣦഊΛແࢹ͢Δ ............................................ 245 JHOPSF@FSSPSΦϓγϣϯɹಛఆϓϥάΠϯͰͷࣦഊΛແࢹ͢Δ .............................................245 JHOPSF@JG@QSFW@TVDDFTTΦϓγϣϯɹલϓϥάΠϯ͕ࣦഊͨ͠ͱ͖ʹग़ྗΛ࣮ߦ͢Δ .............246 8.6 pMUFS@HSFQϓϥάΠϯɹਖ਼نදݱΛ༻͍ͯσʔλΛબผ͢Δ 247 ৚݅ʹ߹͏Πϕϯτͷબผ ................................................................................................. 247 ৚݅ʹ߹͏Πϕϯτͷআڈ ................................................................................................. 249 બผͱআڈɺ BOEͱPSΛ૊Έ߹Θͤͨෳࡶͳ৚݅ͷهड़ ................................................ 250 ਂ͍֊૚ߏ଄Λ࣋ͬͨϨίʔυͷॲཧ .............................................................................. 251 8.7 pMUFS@QBSTFSϓϥάΠϯɹϨίʔυ಺ͷσʔλΛ͞ Βʹղੳ͢Δ 251 σʔλͷऔΓग़͠ɹϨίʔυͷ஋ʹؚ·ΕΔ৘ใΛϨίʔυͱ͢Δ ............................................. 252 Πϕϯτͷߋ৽ɹϨίʔυͷ஋ʹؚ·ΕΔ৘ใΛϨίʔυʹՃ͑Δ ............................................. 253 pMUFS@SFDPSE@USBOTGPSNFSϓϥάΠϯ ɹಠࣗͷϧʔϧ΍3VCZίʔυΛ༻͍ͯ͞ΒʹෳࡶͳॲཧΛ࣮ݱ͢Δ ............................................ 255 8.8 JO@FYFDPVU@FYFDϓϥάΠϯɹ֎෦ίϚϯυͷ࣮ߦʹΑΔσʔλͷೖग़ྗ 255 JO@FYFDϓϥάΠϯɹίϚϯυ࣮ߦ݁ՌΛऔΓࠐΉ ................................................................. 256 ىಈޙʹܧଓతʹσʔλΛग़ྗ͢ΔίϚϯυͷར༻ ....................................................256 ఆظతͳίϚϯυ࣮ߦ͔ΒͷσʔλऔΓࠐΈ ...............................................................257 PVU@FYFDϓϥάΠϯɹίϚϯυ࣮ߦʹΑΓσʔλΛग़ྗ͢Δ ................................................... 258 σʔλग़ྗͷ࣮ߦ࣌ؒͷ੍ޚ .....................................................................................258 8.9 JO@IUUQPVU@IUUQϓϥάΠϯɹ)551௨৴ʹΑΔσʔλͷೖग़ྗ 259 )551ϦΫΤετʹΑΔ֎෦͔Βͷσʔλड৴ ................................................................. 260 ϦΫΤετϔομ΍ΫΤϦύϥϝʔλͷ஋ͷϨίʔυ΁ͷ௥Ճ .......................................261 ΫϩεΦϦδϯϦΫΤετͷड৴ ..................................................................................262 ೚ҙͷܗࣜΛ༻͍ͨ)551Ͱͷσʔλड৴ .................................................................262 )551ϦΫΤετ ͱ ͠ ͯͷ֎෦΁ͷσʔλૹ৴ .................................................................. 263 ͭͷ+40/ΦϒδΣΫτͱ ͠ ͯͷϦΫΤετϘσΟ .........................................................264 xvii ໨࣍ $POUFOU5ZQF΍೚ҙͷϦΫΤετϔομͷࢦఆ ..........................................................264 )551ϦΫΤετͷࣦഊͷίϯτϩʔϧ ........................................................................265 8.10 ·ͱΊ 266 ୈ 9 ষ ຊ൪؀ڥʹ͓͚Δߏ੒ͱӡ༻ ....................................................... 267 9.1 ຊ൪؀ڥʹ͓͚Δ೉͠͞ 268 9.2 σʔλͷऩूͱू໿ʹ͓͚Δઓུ 269 ن໛ͷ֦େͱݖݶ͓Αͼೝূ৘ใ؅ཧͷཱ྆ ................................................................ 269 ΤʔδΣϯτɹσʔλൃੜݩ͔ΒσʔλΛಡΈࠐΉ .................................................................. 270 ू໿ϊʔυɹΤʔδΣϯτ͔ΒσʔλΛूΊͯॻ͖ࠐΉ .............................................................. 271 ू໿ϊʔυʹΑΔੑೳͱӡ༻ੑͷ޲্ .........................................................................273 ू໿ϊʔυͷ৑௕Խ ....................................................................................................273 ίϯςφ͔Βͷϩάऩू .................................................................................................... 273 ϑΝΠϧΛܦ༝ͨ͠ϩάऩू ........................................................................................274 %PDLFSͷ-PHHJOH%SJWFSΛܦ༝ͨ͠ϩάऩू ............................................................275 'MVFOUEΛίϯςφͰಈ͔͠ ͯͷϩάऩू....................................................................276 9.3 ΤʔδΣϯ τʹ͓͚Δ'MVFOUEઃఆͷ஫ҙ఺ 277 $16΍ϝϞϦͳͲͷϦιʔεফඅͷ཈੍.......................................................................... 278 ΤʔδΣϯτͷσΟ εΫεϖʔε΁ͷ্ݶઃఆ.................................................................. 278 ϓϥάΠϯ͝ͱͷόοϑΝͷ࠷େ࢖༻αΠζ .................................................................279 ωο τϫʔΫ΁ͷաෛՙͷ๷ࢭ ......................................................................................... 279 'MVFOUEͷఀࢭॱং੍ޚɹϩάग़ྗݩΑΓ΋͋ͱʹ'MVFOUEΛఀࢭ͢Δ .................................. 280 9.4 ू໿ϊʔ υʹ͓͚Δ'MVFOUEઃఆͷ஫ҙ఺ 280 αʔόੑೳΛ׆͔ͤΔΑ͏ͳύϥϝʔλઃఆ .................................................................... 280 ू໿ϊʔυͷσΟ εΫεϖʔεͷઃܭͱ੍ޚ ..................................................................... 281 ඞཁͳϩʔΧϧσΟ εΫͷ૯༰ྔΛݟੵ΋Δ ................................................................281 σΟ εΫ࢖༻ྔΛߟ͑ͨύϥϝʔλઃఆ .......................................................................281 ৗʹ༨༟Λ࣋ͨͤͨωο τϫʔΫଳҬ .............................................................................. 282 ߴεϧʔϓοτͳσʔλग़ྗͷͨΊͷઃఆͱઃܭ .........................................................282 ෳ਺ͷू໿ϊʔυ΁ͷ෼ࢄσʔλసૹ ............................................................................. 283 PVU@GPSXBSEϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔ෼ࢄσʔλసૹ .............................................................283 ෳ਺ͷू໿ϊʔυ΁ͷσʔλసૹʹ͓͚Δϩʔυόϥϯαͷར༻ .................................284 ϩʔυόϥϯαʹΑΔ҉߸Խͷ૊Έ߹Θͤ ..................................................................284 9.5 ίϯςφʹ͓͚Δ'MVFOUEઃఆͷ஫ҙ఺ 285 ϑΝΠϧͷॴ༗ݖͱύʔϛ ογϣϯͷ֬ೝ ......................................................................... 286 ίϯςφͷऴྃॱংͷࢦఆ ............................................................................................... 286 ίϯςφ֎Λར༻ͨ͠ϑΝΠϧόοϑΝ .............................................................................. 286 xviii 9.6 όοϑΝ؅ཧͷͨΊͷઃఆͱΦϓγϣϯ 287 qVTI@BU@TIVUEPXOύϥϝʔλɹఀࢭ࣌ʹϩʔΧϧετϨʔδʹϑΝΠϧΛ࢒͞ͳ͍ .............. 287 XJUIPVUTPVSDFίϚϯυϥΠϯΦϓγϣϯ ɹ࢒ͬͨόοϑΝΛग़ྗ͢ΔͨΊʹ'MVFOUEΛىಈ͢Δ ................................................................ 288 αʔόγϟ οτμ΢ϯॲཧͱ ͠ ͯͷόοϑΝग़ྗ༻ͷىಈ ..............................................288 9.7 ࣮ӡ༻ͷͨΊͷ'MVFOUEϩάઃఆ 290 ϩάϨϕϧมߋʹΑΔ'MVFOUEϩάͷ੍ޚ ...................................................................... 290 'MVFOUEશମͷϩάϨϕϧͷมߋ ...............................................................................291 ϓϥάΠϯ୯ҐͷϩάϨϕϧͷมߋ .............................................................................291 ಉ಺༰ͷΤϥʔϩάͷग़ྗྔͷ੍ޚ ................................................................................ 292 ࿈ଓͨ͠ಉ͡ελοΫτϨʔεͷඇදࣔԽ ....................................................................292 Ұఆ࣌ؒ಺ͷಉ಺༰ϩάͷඇදࣔԽ ..........................................................................293 9.8 'MVFOUEͷ؂ࢹ 293 JO@NPOJUPS@BHFOUϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔ؂ࢹ ........................................................................ 293 ֎෦͔Βͷ؂ࢹϦΫΤετ΁ͷԠ౴ .............................................................................294 ֎෦΁ͷಈ࡞ঢ়گͷใࠂ ...........................................................................................296 9.9 ઃఆϑΝΠϧͱϓϥάΠϯͷ؅ཧख๏ 297 !JODMVEFʹΑΔઃఆϑΝΠϧͷ༻్͝ͱͷ෼ׂͱڞ༗ ................................................... 297 ઃఆϑΝΠϧͷಡΈࠐΈॱংͷ໌ࣔ ............................................................................298 (FNpMFʹΑΔϓϥάΠϯͷҰׅ؅ཧ .............................................................................. 298 %PDLFSʹΑΔ'MVFOUEͱϓϥάΠϯɺ ઃఆͷҰׅ؅ཧ ..................................................... 299 9.10 ·ͱΊ 299 ୈ 10 ষ ϓϥάΠϯ։ൃͷجຊ ............................................................................ 301 10.1 ϓϥάΠϯ։ൃͷඞཁੑ 302 10.2 ϓϥάΠϯ։ൃνϡʔ τ ϦΞϧɹ؆୯ͳϓϥάΠϯΛॻ͍ͯΈΔ 303 ࠷খݶͷϓϥάΠϯ࡞੒ ................................................................................................... 303 ϓϥάΠϯϑΝΠϧͷ࡞੒ ............................................................................................303 ϓϥάΠϯΛ࢖༻͢ΔઃఆϑΝΠϧͷ࡞੒ ....................................................................304 ࡞੒ͨ͠ϓϥάΠϯͷಡΈࠐΈͱىಈ..........................................................................304 ҰఆִؒͰͷϨίʔυੜ੒ͷ࣮૷ .................................................................................... 305 ϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔΛ༻͍ͨҰఆ࣌ؒ͝ͱͷॲཧ࣮ߦ .................................................306 มߋͨ͠ॲཧ಺༰ͷ֬ೝ ............................................................................................306 ύϥϝʔλʹΑΔઃఆͷར༻ ............................................................................................. 307 จࣈྻͷͨΊͷύϥϝʔλ௥Ճ ...................................................................................307 ௥Ճͨ͠ύϥϝʔλͷઃఆϑΝΠϧʹ͓͚Δࢦఆ ..........................................................309 νϡʔτ ϦΞϧͷ;Γ͔͑Γ ................................................................................................ 310 xix ໨࣍ 10.3 ϓϥάΠϯ։ൃͷྲྀΕ 310 ϓϥάΠϯͷHFNύοέʔδԽͷߟྀ ............................................................................. 310 HFNύοέʔδͷॳظ࡞੒ .............................................................................................. 311 qVFOUQMVHJOHFOFSBUFίϚϯυʹΑΔϑΝΠϧੜ੒ ...................................................311 CVOEMFHFNίϚϯυʹΑΔϑΝΠϧੜ੒ .....................................................................312 HFNTQFD΁ͷHFN৘ใͷهड़ ....................................................................................... 314 ϓϥάΠϯ৘ใͷฤू .................................................................................................314 ґଘϥΠϒϥϦͷࢦఆ .................................................................................................315 ϓϥάΠϯίʔυͷهड़ ..................................................................................................... 317 ςετͷهड़ ...................................................................................................................... 317 ςετʹΑΔϓϥάΠϯʹظ଴͢Δಈ࡞ͷ໌ࣔ .............................................................317 ςετͷܧଓతͳ࣮ߦʹΑΔڍಈͷ֬ೝ .....................................................................318 ڭࡐͱ ͠ ͯͷଞϓϥάΠϯͷςετίʔυ......................................................................318 όʔδϣϯ؅ཧɹόʔδϣϯ൪߸Λ෇͚ͯߋ৽͢Δ ................................................................. 318 ϓϥάΠϯϦϦʔε࣌ͷॳظόʔδϣϯ ........................................................................319 ϓϥάΠϯΛόʔδϣϯʹ͢Δ࣌ظ .........................................................................320 Ϧ ϦʔεɹϓϥάΠϯΛඞཁͳ৔ॴͰಈ͔ͤΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ ........................................................... 320 ඇެ։HFNͱ͢Δ৔߹ͷϦϦʔε ................................................................................320 3VCZ(FNTΛ௨͠ ͯެ։͢Δ৔߹ͷϦϦʔε ...............................................................320 ϦϦʔε͸Ϣʔβʔʹର͢Δίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ............................................................321 10.4 ϓϥάΠϯڞ௨ͷॲཧ 321 ϓϥάΠϯͷઃఆύϥϝʔλ .............................................................................................. 321 ϓϥάΠϯϥΠϑαΠΫϧɹϓϥάΠϯىಈ࣌΍ఀࢭ࣌ʹॲཧΛ࣮ߦ͢Δ ................................. 322 ඞཁͳϥΠϑαΠΫϧͷબ୒ͱ࣮૷..............................................................................322 ϥΠϑαΠΫϧϝιουʹ͓͚ΔTVQFSݺͼग़͠ ............................................................323 ϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹ'MVFOUE͕༻ҙ͢Δڞ௨ͷػೳΛݺͼग़͢ ............................................ 324 ϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔͷ࢖༻એݴ ...................................................................................324 ϥΠϑαΠΫϧϝιουʹ͓͚ΔTVQFSݺͼग़͠ ............................................................325 ϓϥάΠϯ*%ͷ֬ೝͱར༻ɹಈ࡞தͷϓϥάΠϯݻ༗ͷ৘ใΛ࢖͏ ........................................ 326 ϓϥάΠϯϧʔτσΟ ϨΫ τ ϦɹϓϥάΠϯͷͨΊͷϑΝΠϧஔ͖৔Λ࢖͏ .................................. 327 ϓϥάΠϯϧʔτσΟ ϨΫτ Ϧ࢖༻࣌ͷ஫ҙ఺ ...............................................................327 4UPSBHFϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔϓϥάΠϯσʔλอଘͷݕ౼.................................................327 ෳ਺ϫʔΧʔରԠɹෳ਺ͷ'MVFOUEϓϩηεͰϓϥάΠϯΛಈ࡞ͤ͞Δ ..................................... 328 ෳ਺ϫʔΧʔʹରԠͨ͠ϓϥάΠϯͷ࡞੒ ...................................................................328 ઃఆʹΑΔෳ਺ϫʔΧʔରԠͷՄ൱ ............................................................................329 ϓϥάΠϯϩΨʔɹϓϥάΠϯͷಈ࡞ঢ়گΛه࿥͢Δ .............................................................. 330 ϓϥάΠϯϩΨʔͷ࢖༻ํ๏ .......................................................................................330 ΩʔϫʔυҾ਺Λ༻͍ͨ෇Ճ৘ใͷ෇༩ .....................................................................331 ϒϩοΫΛ༻͍ͨ෇Ճ৘ใͷ෇༩ ...............................................................................331 FSSPSΩʔϫʔυʹΑΔྫ֎ͷϩΪϯά.........................................................................332 ϩάग़ྗͷॏཁੑ ......................................................................................................332 10.5 ·ͱΊ 333 xx ୈ 11 ষ ϓϥάΠϯͷઃఆ .......................................................................................... 335 11.1 ϓϥάΠϯͷઃఆํ๏ɹύϥϝʔλͱηΫγϣϯΛ࢖༻͢Δ 336 11.2 ύϥϝʔλͷఆٛͱར༻ 337 ύϥϝʔλɹઃఆΛΦϒδΣΫτԽ͢Δ ................................................................................... 337 DPOpH@QBSBNϝιο υɹύϥϝʔλΛఆٛ͢Δ .................................................................... 338 ύϥϝʔλͷ໊લͱܕͷࢦఆ .......................................................................................339 ύϥϝʔλͷΦϓγϣϯͷࢦఆ ....................................................................................339 ύϥϝʔλͷ஋ͷར༻ .................................................................................................339 ύϥϝʔλͷܕ ................................................................................................................... 340 JOUFHFSɺ qPBUɹ੔਺ͱුಈখ਺఺਺ ...............................................................................340 TJ[Fɺ UJNFɹ୯ҐΛࢦఆͰ͖Δ਺஋ ..................................................................................341 CPPMɹਅِ͔ͷ஋ .........................................................................................................341 TUSJOHɹ೚ҙͷจࣈྻ ...................................................................................................342 FOVNɹγϯϘϧͷબ୒ࢶ ..............................................................................................342 BSSBZɹ஋ͷ഑ྻ ..........................................................................................................342 IBTIɹΩʔͱ஋ͷϖΞ ...................................................................................................342 SFHFYQɹจࣈྻͷύλʔϯ ............................................................................................343 ܕഁΓͳύϥϝʔλɹܕͷΈͰ͸ఆٛͰ͖ͳ͍ઃఆ஋Λ࢖͏.................................................... 344 ܕΛ໌ࣔ͠ͳ͍ύϥϝʔλͷఆٛͱ࢖༻ ......................................................................344 ࠔͬͨͱ͖ͷจࣈྻύϥϝʔλ ....................................................................................345 ύϥϝʔλͷΦϓγϣϯ ..................................................................................................... 345 EFGBVMUΦϓγϣϯɹແࢦఆͷ৔߹ͷσϑΥϧτ஋Λࢦఆ͢Δ ...............................................346 TFDSFUΦϓγϣϯɹઃఆ஋Λϩάʹදࣔ͠ͳ͍Α͏ൿີʹ͢Δ ..............................................346 QBSBN@OBNFΦϓγϣϯɹϓϥάΠϯίʔυ಺Ͱ͸ઃఆ໊ͱҟͳΔ໊લΛ࢖͏ ........................346 BMJBTΦϓγϣϯɹઃఆϑΝΠϧ಺Ͱͷύϥϝʔλͷผ໊Λ࢖͑ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ ..............................347 EFQSFDBUFEΦϓγϣϯɹ΋͏࢖༻͠ͳ͍Ͱ΄͍͠ύϥϝʔλΛࣔ͢ .......................................347 PCTPMFUFEΦϓγϣϯɹύϥϝʔλΛ࢖༻ېࢭͩͱએݴ͢Δ .................................................348 EFTDΦϓγϣϯɹύϥϝʔλͷઆ໌Λهड़͢Δ ..................................................................349 DPOpH@TFU@EFGBVMUϝιο υɹσϑΥϧτ஋Λ্ॻ͖͢Δ ..................................................... 350 σϑΥϧτ஋ͷ্ॻ͖ͷར༻έʔε .............................................................................350 11.3 ηΫγϣϯͷఆٛͱར༻ 351 ηΫγϣϯɹσΟ ϨΫςΟϒΛΦϒδΣΫτԽ͢Δ ....................................................................... 352 DPOpH@TFDUJPOϝιο υɹηΫγϣϯΛఆٛ͢Δ .................................................................. 352 ηΫγϣϯͷ໊લͱύϥϝʔλͷࢦఆ ...........................................................................353 ηΫγϣϯͷҾ਺ͷࢦఆ..............................................................................................354 ηΫγϣϯΦϒδΣΫτͷར༻ ......................................................................................354 ηΫγϣϯͷΦϓγϣϯ ...................................................................................................... 355 SFRVJSFEΦϓγϣϯɹࢦఆඞਢͷηΫγϣϯΛ࡞Δ ............................................................355 NVMUJΦϓγϣϯɹಉ໊ηΫγϣϯΛෳ਺ࢦఆՄೳʹ͢Δ .....................................................355 xxi ໨࣍ JOJUΦϓγϣϯɹઃఆϑΝΠϧͰࢦఆ͞Εͳ͘ ͯ΋ηΫγϣϯΦϒδΣΫτΛ࡞Δ ..........................356 pOBMΦϓγϣϯɹηΫγϣϯఆٛΛ্ॻ͖ෆՄೳʹ͢Δ .......................................................356 QBSBN@OBNFΦϓγϣϯɹϓϥάΠϯίʔυ಺Ͱ͸ઃఆ໊ͱҟͳΔ໊લΛ࢖͏ ........................357 BMJBTΦϓγϣϯɹઃఆϑΝΠϧ಺ͰͷσΟ ϨΫςΟ ϒͷผ໊Λ࢖͑ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ .........................358 11.4 ϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔઃఆͷղੳͱར༻ 358 DPOpHVSFϝιο υɹϓϥάΠϯΛઃఆ͢Δ ........................................................................... 358 ϓϥάΠϯઃఆղੳͷৄࡉ ..........................................................................................358 ઃఆ஋ͷ௥ՃνΣ οΫͷ࣮૷ .......................................................................................360 ઃఆ஋Λ༻͍ͨϓϥάΠϯىಈͷ४උ ............................................................................. 360 11.5 ·ͱΊ 362 ୈ 12 ষ ϓϥάΠϯ͝ͱͷ։ൃखॱ ................................................................ 363 12.1 *OQVUϓϥάΠϯͷ։ൃ 364 *OQVUϓϥάΠϯͷܗࣜ ..................................................................................................... 364 σʔλͷऔΓࠐΈ ............................................................................................................... 365 3PVUFSΛܦ༝͢ΔσʔλऔΓࠐΈ ...............................................................................365 SPVUFSFNJUϝιουʹ౉͢λάͱ೔࣌ɺ Ϩίʔυ...........................................................366 ಡΈऔͬͨσʔλͷ೔࣌΍छผͷѻ͍ ........................................................................366 ෳ਺Πϕϯτͷޮ཰తͳFNJU ............................................................................................ 368 ಉҰλάͷΠϕϯτʹର͢ΔFNJU@BSSBZϝιουͷ࢖༻ ...............................................368 *OQVUϓϥάΠϯʹ͓͚Δύλʔϯ .................................................................................... 369 ఆظతͳॲཧ࣮ߦ ......................................................................................................369 ωοτϫʔΫܦ༝Ͱͷσʔλड৴ .................................................................................370 12.2 'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯͷ։ൃ 372 'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯͷܗࣜ ..................................................................................................... 372 ೔࣌ૢ࡞ͷ༗ແʹΑΔ࣮૷ͷҧ͍...............................................................................373 Πϕϯτ಺༰ͷมߋɹϨίʔυ΍೔࣌Λߋ৽͢Δ.................................................................... 374 Ϩίʔυͷมߋ ...........................................................................................................374 ೔࣌ͷมߋ .................................................................................................................374 Πϕϯτͷഁغɹಛఆͷ৚݅ʹ߹ΘͤͯΠϕϯτΛഁغ͢Δ ..................................................... 375 ഁغ͞ΕͨΠϕϯτͷΤϥʔετ ϦʔϜ΁ͷग़ྗ ...........................................................376 'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯʹظ଴͠ͳ͍ॲཧ ................................................................................... 376 12.3 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷ։ൃ 377 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷܗࣜ .................................................................................................. 377 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷಈ࡞Ϟʔυ ....................................................................................... 378 όοϑΝ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯɹόοϑΝʹͨΊͨσʔλΛ·ͱΊͯ֎෦ʹॻ͖ग़͢ ......................378 ඇಉظόοϑΝ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯɹ·ͱΊͨσʔλॻ͖ग़͠ͷ݁ՌΛผ్֬ೝ͢Δ ................380 ඇόοϑΝ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλ͕དྷͨΒଈ࠲ʹॻ͖ग़͢ ...........................................381 xxii όοϑΝ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷ࣮૷ ..................................................................................... 382 όοϑΝϦϯάͷ୯ҐͱͳΔόοϑΝνϟϯΫ ................................................................383 όοϑΝνϟϯΫ಺ͷσʔλ .........................................................................................383 όοϑΝνϟϯΫʹର͠ ͯՄೳͳૢ࡞ ............................................................................384 όοϑΝνϟϯΫͷϝλσʔλͷར༻ ............................................................................384 όοϑΝνϟϯΫͷϢχʔΫ*%Λ༻͍ͨσʔλॲཧͷ௥੻ ............................................385 όοϑΝνϟϯΫ୯ҐͰͷग़ྗઌͷมߋ.......................................................................386 όοϑΝνϟϯΫͷσʔλܗࣜมߋ ..............................................................................387 ඇಉظόοϑΝ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷ࣮૷ ......................................................................... 389 ඇಉظόοϑΝͷόοϑΝνϟϯΫͷѻ͍͸ಉظόοϑΝͱڞ௨ ....................................391 ग़ྗ࣌ͷॻ͖ग़͠͝ͱͷ*%෇༩ ..................................................................................391 ॻ͖ग़݁͠Ռ֬ೝޙͷίϛ οτ .....................................................................................392 ඇಉظόοϑΝʹΑΔڧݻͳσʔλอޢͷ࣮ݱ ............................................................392 ඇόοϑΝ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷ࣮૷ ................................................................................. 393 ࣗྗͰͷྫ֎ॲཧͷ࣮ࢪ............................................................................................393 ࣦഊΛڐ༰͢ΔέʔεͰͷར༻ ..................................................................................394 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷಈ࡞Ϟʔυܾఆϧʔϧ..................................................................... 395 ਖ਼ৗʹग़ྗͰ͖ͳ͍ΠϕϯτͷΤϥʔετ ϦʔϜ΁ͷग़ྗ ................................................ 398 12.4 1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯͷ։ൃ 399 1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯͷܗࣜ .................................................................................................. 399 1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔσʔλ͔Βͷෳ਺ͷΠϕϯτऔΓग़͠ ......................................... 400 1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯ͕ڞ௨Ͱఏڙ͢Δػೳ ......................................................................... 401 12.5 'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯͷ։ൃ 401 'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯͷܗࣜ ............................................................................................ 402 'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯ͕ڞ௨Ͱఏڙ͢Δػೳ .................................................................. 402 12.6 ·ͱΊ 403 ୈ 13 ষ ϓϥάΠϯͷςε τ...................................................................................... 405 13.1 ςε τهड़ͷํ๏ 406 ςετͷྲྀΕ ...................................................................................................................... 406 ࠷খݶͷςετίʔυهड़ ..........................................................................................407 ςετͷ४උͱ࣮ߦ ....................................................................................................407 ࣮ߦͱमਖ਼ͷ܁Γฦ͠ .................................................................................................408 ςετ ίʔυͷॻ͖ํ ......................................................................................................... 408 ެ։ϓϥάΠϯͷςετͷࢀর ....................................................................................409 13.2 *OQVUϓϥάΠϯͷςε τ 410 Πϕϯτੜ੒ͷਖ਼͍͠ݕূ ................................................................................................. 411 ಈ࡞ݕূલͷಛఆͷॲཧͷ࣮ߦ .................................................................................412 xxiii ໨࣍ ϓϥάΠϯͷىಈ΍ఀࢭॲཧͷলུ ............................................................................412 ೖྗΠϕϯτͷݕࠪʹ࢖༻Ͱ͖Δϝιο υ ......................................................................... 413 FWFOUTϝιουɹΠϕϯτΛฦ͢.....................................................................................413 SFDPSE@DPVOUϝιουɹΠϕϯτͷ਺Λฦ͢ ....................................................................414 FWFOU@TUSFBNTϝιουɹΠϕϯτετ ϦʔϜΛฦ͢ ..........................................................414 FNJU@DPVOUϝιουɹFNJUͨ͠ճ਺Λฦ͢ .....................................................................415 13.3 'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯͷςε τ 415 Πϕϯτʹର͢Δϑ Οϧλ݁Ռͷݕূ ................................................................................ 416 'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯͷςετʹ͓͚Δλάͷѻ͍ͷলུ ...................................................... 417 13.4 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷςε τ 417 ϞοΫΛ࢖ͬͨग़ྗͷݕূ ................................................................................................ 418 ग़ྗͷݕূํ๏ΛܾΊ͔ͯΒͷςετهड़ ...................................................................... 420 13.5 1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯͷςε τ 421 ճͷݺͼग़͠ Ͱෳ਺Ϩίʔυ͕ฦΔ৔߹ͷ૝ఆ ............................................................. 422 13.6 'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯͷςε τ 422 13.7 ςε τهड़ͷͨΊͷϔϧύʔϝιο υ 423 FWFOU@UJNFϝιο υɹ๬Έͷ೔࣌ΦϒδΣΫτΛ؆୯ʹੜ੒͢Δ ............................................ 424 XJUI@UJNF[POFϝιο υɹλΠ ϜκʔϯΛมߋ͢Δ................................................................ 424 XJUI@XPSLFS@DPOpHϝιο υɹෳ਺ϫʔΧʔͰͷಈ࡞ΛγϛϡϨʔτ͢Δ .............................. 425 DBQUVSF@MPHϝιο υɹϓϥάΠϯ͔Βͷϩάग़ྗΛऔಘ͢Δ ................................................. 425 13.8 ·ͱΊ 426 ୈ 14 ষ ϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔ ................................................................................... 427 14.1 ͞·͟·ͳϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔ 428 14.2 ϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔͷ࢖༻ํ๏ 429 ϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔͷ༗ޮԽɹϓϥάΠϯͰ࢖༻͢ΔػೳΛએݴ͢Δ ..................................... 429 ϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔͷϝιο υݺͼग़͠ ............................................................................ 430 ϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔϝιο υͷઆ໌ྫ ............................................................................... 430 14.3 UJNFSϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹҰఆ࣌ؒ͝ͱʹॲཧΛ࣮ߦ͢Δ 431 UJNFS@FYFDVUFϝιο υɹϒϩοΫҾ਺ͷॲཧΛҰఆ࣌ؒ͝ͱʹ࣮ߦ͢Δ ................................ 431 14.4 DIJME@QSPDFTTϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹ֎෦ίϚϯυΛࢠϓϩηεͱ ͠ ࣮ͯߦ͢Δ 432 DIJME@QSPDFTT@FYJTU ϝιο υɹࢠϓϩηε͕࣮ߦத͔Ͳ͏͔Λฦ͢ .................................. 433 DIJME@QSPDFTT@FYFDVUFϝιο υɹࢦఆίϚϯυΛࢠϓϩηεͱ ͠ ࣮ͯߦ͢Δ ........................ 433 ୯७ͳ֎෦ίϚϯυͷىಈ .........................................................................................435 xxiv ىಈͨ͠֎෦ίϚϯυͱͷؒͰͷೖग़ྗ ......................................................................436 ֎෦ίϚϯυͱͷೖग़ྗʹ͓͚ΔΤϯίʔσΟ ϯάม׵ ................................................436 ϒϩοΫ෇͖ݺͼग़͠ͱϓϩηεͷऴྃ .......................................................................437 14.5 TFSWFSϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹωο τϫʔΫαʔόΛ࡞੒͢Δ 437 TFSWFS@DSFBUFϝιο υɹωοτϫʔΫαʔόΛ࡞੒͠ ͯىಈ͢Δ ............................................ 439 Ϣʔβʔ͕ઃఆͨ͠ϓϩτίϧͷ࢖༻ .........................................................................440 ίωΫγϣϯΛ࢖༻ͨ͠ϝ οηʔδฦ৴ ........................................................................440 ෳ਺ϫʔΧʔಈ࡞΁ͷରԠ .........................................................................................441 6%1σʔλૹ৴ʹର͢Δฦ৴ͷड৴ ..........................................................................441 γεςϜʹґଘ͢Δ௿ϨϕϧΦϓγϣϯ .......................................................................441 TFSWFS@DSFBUF@DPOOFDUJPOϝιο υɹίωΫγϣϯཱ֬Λݕग़͢ΔαʔόΛ࡞੒͢Δ ........... 442 ཱ֬ͨ͠઀ଓʹର͢Δૢ࡞ .........................................................................................443 14.6 IUUQ@TFSWFSϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹ)551αʔόΛ࡞੒͢Δ 444 IUUQ@TFSWFS@DSFBUF@IUUQ@TFSWFSϝιο υɹ)551αʔόΛ࡞੒͠ ͯىಈ͢Δ .................... 444 ϦΫΤετύε͝ͱͷॲཧͷهड़ .................................................................................445 σϑΥϧτͷॲཧ ........................................................................................................446 IUUQ@TFSWFS@DSFBUF@IUUQT@TFSWFSϝιο υɹ)5514αʔόΛ࡞੒͠ ͯىಈ͢Δ ................ 447 14.7 UISFBEϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹεϨο υΛ࡞੒͢Δ 447 UISFBE@DSFBUFϝιο υɹεϨουΛ࡞੒͠ ͯ։࢝͢Δ ........................................................... 448 UISFBE@DVSSFOU@SVOOJOH ϝιο υɹݱࡏͷεϨου͕࣮ߦதঢ়ଶ͔Ͳ͏͔Λฦ͢ ............... 448 UISFBE@XBJU@VOUJM@TUBSUϝιο υɹ͢΂ͯͷεϨου͕࣮ߦதʹͳΔ·Ͱ଴ͭ ...................... 449 UISFBE@XBJU@VOUJM@TUPQϝιο υɹ͢΂ͯͷεϨου͕ఀࢭ͢Δ·Ͱ଴ͭ ............................. 450 14.8 TPDLFUϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹιέο τΛ࡞੒͢Δ 451 TPDLFU@DSFBUF@UDQϝιο υɹ5$1ιέοτΛ࡞੒͠ ͯ઀ଓ͢Δ ............................................ 451 TPDLFU@DSFBUF@VEQϝιο υɹ6%1ιέοτΛ࡞੒͢Δ ...................................................... 452 TPDLFU@DSFBUF@UMTϝιο υɹ5-4ιέοτΛ࡞੒͠ ͯ઀ଓ͢Δ .............................................. 453 TPDLFU@DSFBUFϝιο υɹࢦఆϓϩτίϧͰιέοτΛ࡞੒͢Δ .............................................. 455 14.9 JOKFDUϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹλά΍೔࣌ͳͲΛ஫ೖ͢Δ 456 JOKFDU@WBMVFT@UP@SFDPSEϝιο υɹλά΍೔࣌ͳͲΛϨίʔυʹ஫ೖ͢Δ ........................... 456 JOKFDU@WBMVFT@UP@FWFOU@TUSFBNϝιο υɹλά΍೔࣌ͳͲΛΠϕϯτετ ϦʔϜʹ஫ೖ͢Δ ... 456 14.10 FYUSBDUϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹϨίʔυ͔Βλά΍೔࣌ΛऔΓग़͢ 457 FYUSBDU@UBH@GSPN@SFDPSEϝιο υɹϨίʔυ͔ΒλάΛऔΓग़͢ ....................................... 457 FYUSBDU@UJNF@GSPN@SFDPSEϝιο υɹϨίʔυ͔Β೔࣌ΛऔΓग़͢ .................................... 458 14.11 GPSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹσʔλจࣈྻͷͨΊ'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯΛ࡞੒͢Δ 459 GPSNBUUFS@DSFBUFϝιο υɹ'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯΛ࡞੒͢Δ ............................................... 459 ϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔ'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯͷσϑΥϧτࢦఆ ..............................................459 ༻్͝ͱʹҟͳΔෳ਺ͷ'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯͷ࡞੒ ..................................................460 ࡞੒ͨ͠ϓϥάΠϯͷར༻ ...........................................................................................461 xxv ໨࣍ 14.12 QBSTFSϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹจࣈྻΛղੳ͠ ͯσʔλΛಘΔͨΊ1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯΛ࡞੒͢Δ 461 QBSTFS@DSFBUFϝιο υɹ1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯΛ࡞੒͢Δ ......................................................... 462 ϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔ1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯͷσϑΥϧτࢦఆ ....................................................462 1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯͷϒϩοΫ෇͖ݺͼग़͠ ...................................................................462 14.13 SFDPSE@BDDFTTPSϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹෳࡶͳߏ଄ͷϨίʔυʹΞΫηε͢Δ 463 SFDPSE@BDDFTTPS@DSFBUFϝιο υɹࢦఆཁૉ΁ͷΞΫηαΦϒδΣΫτΛ࡞੒͢Δ ............... 464 14.14 TUPSBHFϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹϓϥάΠϯ͔Β࢖༻ՄೳͳετϨʔδΛఏڙ͢Δ 465 TUPSBHF@DSFBUFϝιο υɹ4UPSBHFϓϥάΠϯΛ࡞੒͢Δ ..................................................... 465 ετϨʔδʹର͢Δσʔλૢ࡞ ....................................................................................466 14.15 TFSWJDF@EJTDPWFSZϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹαʔϏεͷ৘ใΛϓϥάΠϯʹର͠ ͯఏڙ͢Δ 467 TFSWJDF@EJTDPWFSZ@DPOpHVSFϝιο υɹ4FSWJDF%JTDPWFSZϓϥάΠϯͷηοτΞοϓΛߦ͏ ... 468 ઐ༻ͷσΟ ϨΫςΟϒʹઃఆ͞Εͨ৘ใͷࢀর ............................................................468 ݻఆϦετͷઐ༻σΟ ϨΫςΟϒʹΑΔࢦఆ ..................................................................470 αʔϏεΦϒδΣΫτͷϓϥάΠϯଆΦϒδΣΫτ΁ͷม׵ ...........................................470 αʔϏεͷબ୒ํ๏ͷ੍ޚ .........................................................................................471 TFSWJDF@EJTDPWFSZ@TFMFDU@TFSWJDFϝιο υɹར༻ՄೳαʔϏεΛͭબ୒͢Δ ................ 472 TFSWJDF@EJTDPWFSZ@TFSWJDFTϝιο υɹར༻ՄೳαʔϏεΛ͢΂ͯฦ͢ ............................. 473 TFSWJDF@EJTDPWFSZ@SFCBMBODFϝιο υɹαʔϏεͷϦόϥϯεΛߦ͏ ............................... 473 14.16 DPVOUFSϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹ಺෦༻Χ΢ϯλΛఏڙ͢Δ 473 $PVOUFS"1*ɹ'MVFOUEϓϩηεؒͰڞ༗͞ΕͨΧ΢ϯλͷૢ࡞ .............................................. 474 Χ΢ϯλʹΑΔ਺஋ͷอଘ ..........................................................................................474 ΫϥΠΞϯτΛܦ༝ͨ͠Χ΢ϯλૢ࡞ ............................................................................475 $PVOUFS"1*༗ޮԽʹඞཁͳઃఆ ..............................................................................475 DPVOUFS@DMJFOU@DSFBUFϝιο υɹ$PVOUFS"1*ΫϥΠΞϯτΛ࡞੒͢Δ ................................ 476 Χ΢ϯλૢ࡞ͷಉظ࣮ߦͱඇಉظ࣮ߦ ........................................................................476 Χ΢ϯλͷॳظԽ .......................................................................................................477 Χ΢ϯλͷऔಘ ...........................................................................................................478 Χ΢ϯλͷ૿Ճ ...........................................................................................................478 Χ΢ϯλͷϦηοτ ......................................................................................................479 Χ΢ϯλͷ࡟আ ...........................................................................................................479 14.17 FWFOU@FNJUUFSϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹϓϥάΠϯ͔ΒΠϕϯτΛೖྗ͢Δ 480 SPVUFSϝιο υɹ3PVUFSΛฦ͢ ............................................................................................ 480 14.18 ·ͱΊ 481 ୈ 15 ষ 'MVFOUEͷ௨৴ϓϩ τίϧ .............................................................. 483 15.1 ωο τϫʔΫ௨৴ϓϩ τίϧͷॏཁੑ 484 xxvi 15.2 'MVFOUEGPSXBSEQSPUPDPMWͷ֓ཁɹ௨৴࿏ͱσʔλදݱ 485 ϓϩτ ίϧͷόʔδϣϯ ..................................................................................................... 485 5$1·ͨ͸5-4Λ༻͍ͨ௨৴ .......................................................................................... 486 .FTTBHF1BDLʹΑΔσʔλදݱ ..................................................................................... 486 σʔλసૹͷͨΊͷϞʔυ ................................................................................................ 486 .FTTBHFϞʔυɹҰ౓ʹΠϕϯτͷΈΛૹΔ ..................................................................487 'PSXBSEϞʔυɹෳ਺ͷΠϕϯτΛ·ͱΊͯૹΔ .................................................................487 1BDLFE'PSXBSEϞʔυɹॲཧޮ཰ͷྑ͍σʔλදݱΛ༻͍ͯૹΔ ......................................488 $PNQSFTTFE1BDLFE'PSXBSEϞʔυɹѹॖࡁΈͷσʔλΛૹΔ ......................................489 ೔࣌ͷදݱ ........................................................................................................................ 490 φϊඵਫ਼౓ͷ஋Λ༻͍ͨ'MVFOUEͷ೔࣌ .....................................................................490 ͭͷ੔਺Λ૊Έ߹Θͤͨ೔࣌දݱ ...........................................................................490 ௨৴Φϓγϣϯ ................................................................................................................... 491 TJ[FΦϓγϣϯɹσʔλ͕͍͘ ͭΠϕϯτΛอ࣋͢Δ͔ࣔ͢ ...................................................491 DIVOLΦϓγϣϯɹσʔλૹ৴ʹର͠ ͯ"$,Λཁٻ͢Δ.......................................................491 DPNQSFTTFEΦϓγϣϯɹσʔλͷѹॖܗࣜΛࢦఆ͢Δ .....................................................491 15.3 )FBSUCFBUΛ༻͍ͨࢮ׆؂ࢹɹσʔλૹ৴ઌ͕ਖ਼ৗ͔֬ೝ͢Δ 492 'MVFOUEʹ͓͚Δ)FBSUCFBU ............................................................................................ 492 JO@GPSXBSEPVU@GPSXBSEϓϥάΠϯʹ͓͚Δ࣮ࡍͷࢮ׆؂ࢹ ..................................... 493 15.4 "$,ɹσʔλΛड৴ͨ͜͠ͱΛૹ৴ݩʹ௨஌͢Δ 493 "$,Λཁٻ͢Δσʔλసૹ ............................................................................................... 494 "$,ཁٻ͞Εͨ৔߹ͷϨεϙϯε .................................................................................... 494 15.5 ೝূɹૹ৴ݩ͋Δ͍͸ૹ৴ઌ͸ਖ਼͍͔͠Λ֬ೝ͢Δ 495 σʔλૹ৴લͷೝূ࡞ۀ .................................................................................................. 495 ڞ༗ΩʔʹΑΔαʔόͱΫϥΠΞϯτͷ૬ޓೝূ ..........................................................496 Ϣʔβʔ໊ͱύεϫʔυʹΑΔΫϥΠΞϯτೝূ ...........................................................496 αʔόͷ)&-0ϝ οηʔδɹೝূॲཧʹඞཁͳ৘ใΛ఻͑Δ ................................................. 497 ௨ৗͷ৔߹ .................................................................................................................497 ΫϥΠΞϯτೝূΛཁٻ͢Δ৔߹ .................................................................................498 ΫϥΠΞϯτͷ1*/(ϝ οηʔδɹΫϥΠΞϯτ͔Βೝূ৘ใΛૹΔ ......................................... 498 αʔόͷ10/(ϝ οηʔδɹೝূ݁Ռͱαʔό͔Βͷೝূ৘ใΛฦ͢ .................................... 499 15.6 5-4ʹΑΔ҉߸Խ௨৴ɹૹ৴σʔλΛ҉߸ԽʹΑΓकΔ 501 5-4ͷϝϦ ο τ ͱσϝϦ ο τ ................................................................................................. 501 5-4ͷσϝϦ ο τΛ؇࿨͢ΔΩʔϓΞϥΠϒ ..................................................................... 502 15.7 ·ͱΊ 503 ͋ͱ͕͖ .............................................................................................................................. 504 ࡧҾ .................................................................................................................................... 505 ஶऀϓϩϑ Οʔϧ ........................................................................................................517 ా᝷૱ஶ ʰ'MVFOUE࣮ફೖ໳ʱ ٕज़ධ࿦ࣾɺ

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