Upgrade to Pro
— share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Speaker Deck
Features
Speaker Deck
PRO
Sign in
Sign up for free
Search
Search
WEB+DB PRESSと私
Search
稲尾尚徳
October 15, 2023
Technology
29k
53
Share
Embed
Copy iframe code
Copy JS code
Copy link
Start on current slide
WEB+DB PRESSと私
「大江戸Ruby会議10」での発表資料です。
https://regional.rubykaigi.org/oedo10/
稲尾尚徳
October 15, 2023
More Decks by 稲尾尚徳
See All by 稲尾尚徳
ある編集者のこれまでとこれから —— 開発者コミュニティと歩んだ四半世紀
inao
5
5.3k
あなたの知らないコンピュータ書の世界
inao
0
150
『Swift実践入門』制作の舞台裏
inao
8
2.9k
人気書籍から読み解くWeb技術の最新動向
inao
0
150
GitHubで雑誌・書籍を作る
inao
0
180
レビューパターン
inao
0
190
Other Decks in Technology
See All in Technology
新規ゲーム開発におけるAI駆動開発のリアル
202409e2
0
2.8k
Oracle AI Database@Azure:サービス概要のご紹介
oracle4engineer
PRO
6
1.9k
LLMと共に進化するプロセスを目指して
ymatsuwitter
12
3.5k
新アーキテクチャ「TiDB X」解説とDedicated比較 TiDB Cloud Premiumのゲーム運用活用を検証
staffrecruiter
0
120
生成 AI × MCP で切り拓く次世代 SRE!自律型運用への挑戦と開発者体験の進化
_awache
0
160
非定型業務をAI slackbotで自動化する ~ 社内要望を自動壁打ちするbotを作った ~/automating-ad-hoc-work-with-ai-slackbot
shibayu36
0
100
Databricks 月刊サービスアップデート 2026年05月号
tyosi1212
0
210
AI活用を推進するために ファインディが下した、一つの小さな決断
starfish719
0
260
価格.comをAI駆動で全面刷新する ー 30年分の技術的負債を返し、次の30年の土台をつくる ー / AI Engineering Summit Tokyo 2026
tkyowa
50
55k
速さだけじゃない! VoidZero ツールが移行先に選ばれる理由
mizdra
PRO
6
760
Cloud Run のアップデート 触ってみる&紹介
gre212
0
320
AI フレンドリーなエラー監視を TypeScript で実現する
shinyaigeek
2
270
Featured
See All Featured
Building the Perfect Custom Keyboard
takai
2
780
Designing for humans not robots
tammielis
254
26k
The Straight Up "How To Draw Better" Workshop
denniskardys
239
140k
How STYLIGHT went responsive
nonsquared
100
6.2k
Utilizing Notion as your number one productivity tool
mfonobong
4
320
Build your cross-platform service in a week with App Engine
jlugia
234
18k
What Being in a Rock Band Can Teach Us About Real World SEO
427marketing
0
250
The Art of Delivering Value - GDevCon NA Keynote
reverentgeek
16
2k
The Art of Programming - Codeland 2020
erikaheidi
57
14k
GitHub's CSS Performance
jonrohan
1033
470k
Visualization
eitanlees
152
17k
Amusing Abliteration
ianozsvald
1
200
Transcript
Ҵඌঘಙɺେߐށ3VCZձٞɺ 8&# %#13&44ͱࢲ
લఏ w ͋͘·Ͱʮࢲʯͷ߹ͷ͓Ͱ͢ w ฤूऀ͝ͱʹߟ͑ํΓํ͔ͳΓҟͳΓ·͢
8&# %#13&44ͱࢲ ഔମհ݉ࣗݾհ
8&# %#13&44 8FCΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃͷͨΊ ͷϓϩάϥϛϯάٕज़ใࢽɹɹ ٕज़ධࣾൃߦɻִ݄ץ w 7PMʙɿฤू෦Ճೖ w 7PMʙɿσεΫ w
7PMʙɿ෭ฤू w 7PMʙɿฤू w ִ݄ץ࠷ऴ߸Λͬͯୀ৬
8&# %#13&44QMVT 8&# %#13&44ฤू෦͕ࣗ৴Λ ͓࣋ͬͯಧ͚͢Δॻ੶ʗϜοΫγ Ϧʔζɻݱࡏ ˞࠶ऩϜοΫɺاըߘޙʹҾ͖ ܧ͍ͩͷͳͲআ͍ͨ୲ഔମ
8&# %#13&44ͱίϛϡχςΟ ʮ8&# %#13&44ץपύʔςΟʢ෭ɿ͏·͍ͱ*1"ʣʯΛࡐʹ
ࣸਅɿ!OBLBOTVLF
ߴڮٛ͞Μ גࣜձࣾୡਓग़൛ձʗҰൠࣾஂ๏ਓຊ3VCZͷձ ʮ8&# %#13&44ٳץʹدͤͯʯ IUUQTTQFBLFSEFDLDPNUBLBIBTIJNXFC QMVTECQSFTTYJVLBOOJKJTFUF TMJEF
౻ຊਅथ͞Μ άϦʔגࣜձࣾ$50ʗσδλϧி$50
େా७͞Μ দຊࢢຽ IUUQTUXJUUFSDPNKVOFCPLVTUBUVT
ঙ࢘Յ৫͞Μ MBVODIBCMF*ODΤϯδχΞ IUUQTUXJUUFSDPNZPTIJPSJTUBUVT
খࢁࢤ͞Μ IUUQTUXJUUFSDPNLPZIPHFTUBUVT
(JU)VC,BJHJͰͷࢲͷεϥΠυΑΓ ʮ(JU)VCͰࡶࢽɾॻ੶Λ࡞Δʯ IUUQTTQFBLFSEFDLDPNJOBPHJUIVCLBJHJ
8&# %#13&44ͱ࣍ ʮίϛϡχςΟʯͱݴ͍͚ͬͯͨͩΔΑ͏ͳࡶࢽͷ࣍ ͲͷΑ͏ͳߟ͑ʹج͖ͮ࡞͍ͬͯͨͷ͔
લఏ w ຊͷهࣄʹɺஶऀ͞Μͷݟ͕࣌ؒ٧·͍ͬͯΔ w ಡऀͷํͷ࣌ؒوॏɾߴՁ w ಡऀͷํࣄɺੜۀͱͯ͠औΓΜͰ͍Δ w ܦඅͰങͬͯɺۀதʹಡΉͷʢͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͕ཧʣ w
ʮࡶʯࢽͳͷͰɺશһʹશهࣄ͕ڹ͘Α͏ʹ࡞Εͳ͍
ͦ͏Ͱ͋ΔͳΒ w ຊͷཱͭهࣄɺಡऀͷํͷ͓࣌ؒΛ࣌ؒɺɺ͋Δ͍ͬͱ અ͢Δ w ཱͭهࣄ͕ຊ͋Εɺ ԁʴ੫ݩ͕ͱΕΔɺങͬͨ΄͏͕͓ಘ w ʮ͋Ε͜ΕಡΈ͍ͨʂʯͰ͋Εɺͳ͓ͷ͜ͱ
w 7PMΛྫʹ
w 3VCZͷهࣄ͕ಡΈ͍ͨʂ
w 3VCZͷهࣄ͕ಡΈ͍ͨʂ w J04ͷهࣄ͕ಡΈ͍ͨʂ
w 3VCZͷهࣄ͕ಡΈ͍ͨʂ w J04ͷهࣄ͕ಡΈ͍ͨʂ w 0,3ͷهࣄ͕ಡΈ͍ͨʂ
w 3VCZͷهࣄ͕ಡΈ͍ͨʂ w J04ͷهࣄ͕ಡΈ͍ͨʂ w 0,3ͷهࣄ͕ಡΈ͍ͨʂ w ΦϒδΣΫτࢦ6*σβΠϯͷهࣄ ͕ಡΈ͍ͨʂ
w 3VCZͷهࣄ͕ಡΈ͍ͨʂ w J04ͷهࣄ͕ಡΈ͍ͨʂ w 0,3ͷهࣄ͕ಡΈ͍ͨʂ w ΦϒδΣΫτࢦ6*σβΠϯͷهࣄ ͕ಡΈ͍ͨʂ w
ʜʜ
w 3VCZͷهࣄ͕ಡΈ͍ͨʂ w J04ͷهࣄ͕ಡΈ͍ͨʂ w 0,3ͷهࣄ͕ಡΈ͍ͨʂ w ΦϒδΣΫτࢦ6*σβΠϯͷهࣄ ͕ಡΈ͍ͨʂ w
ʜʜ w ʜʜ
w ͍ͭ͘ͷΧϥʔΛ༻ҙͰ͖Δ͔ w ಉ͡৭͔Γͩͱɺ͍ͷಡऀͷ ํʹ͞Βͳ͍ w ͨ͘͞Μͷํʹͱͬͯͷʮ͋Ε͜ ΕಡΈ͍ͨʂʯ͕ཧ
ॻ͖ԼΖ͠هࣄͷཻ w ಛूɿϖʔδ͘Β͍ w ಛผاըɿϖʔδ͘Β͍ w Ұൠهࣄɿϖʔδ͘Β͍ ඞཁͳରಡऀͷ͞ɺಛूʼಛผاըʼҰൠهࣄ ҰൠهࣄͰɺχονͳςʔϚͰऔΓ্͛ΒΕΔ ྫɿ৽ొͨ͠ஈ֊ͰҰൠهࣄͱͯ͠औΓ্͛ɺ͘ීٴͨ͠ஈ֊Ͱ
ಛूͱͯ͠औΓ্͛Δ
3BJMTΛྫʹ ಛผاըˠಛूˠಛू
࿈ࡌͷϝϦοτ w ʮࠓ߸̋̋ͷهࣄ͕ͳ͍ͳʔʯΛආ͚ΒΕΔ w ॻ͖׳Εͨஶऀ͞ΜʹΑΔ҆ఆͨࣥ͠͝ච w ஶऀ͞Μ୳͠ɺࢽ໘σβΠϯͷґཔͳͲॳճ͚ͩͰࡁΉ w ०ͳωλΛΓࠐΊΔ w
ॻ͖ԼΖ͠هࣄɿൃചϲ݄લ͔Βࣥච w ࿈ࡌهࣄɿൃചϲ݄લ͔Βࣥච
ܝࡌλΠϛϯά w ಡऀͷํͷาઌͷλΠϛϯάͰऔΓ্͍͛ͨ w ஶऀ͞ΜʙาઌΛ͍͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱଟ͍
৽ొͷͱ͖ͷ3BJMTɺ࠷ۙͷJ04 ৽ొͷͱ͖ͷ3BJMT ஶऀ͞Μʹ͝ఏҊ͍ͨͩ ͍͔ͯΒ߸͘Β͍Β ͤͯܝࡌ όʔδϣϯΞοϓͰ͋ΔJ04 ݄ʹϦϦʔεɺ݄ʹҹ ॴೖߘɺ݄ʹൃചͱ࠷Ͱ ܝࡌ
ʮ8&# %#13&44૯ूฤʦ7PMʙʧʯQ ࠷৽ͷ૯ूฤʹऩ
8&# %#13&44ͱاը ΤϯδχΞͰͳ͍ฤूऀ͕Ͳ͏ͬͯاըΛཱͯΔͷ͔
ฤू෦Ճೖ࣌ͷࢲ w ΞύονΣʁɹϖʔϧʁɹϥϏʔʁɹϑΟιϯʁ w ͱΓͭ͘͠·͕ͳ͗ͯ͢͞ɺͲ͏ͬͯاըΛཱͯͯΑ͍͔Θ͔Βͳ͍ʂ ʮ8&# %#13&44૯ूฤʦ7PMʙʧʯQ ࠷৽ͷ૯ूฤʹऩ
ͱΓͭ͘͠·͕ͳཱ͗ͯͯͨ͢͞Ծઆ w ɺԿͷมͳ͍ɺ͘͢͝ฏۉతͳਓؒͰ͋Δ w ͩͬͨΒɺ͕ڵຯ͋Δ͜ͱɺΈͳ͞Μ͝ڵຯ͋Γ·͢ΑͶʁ w ͕͓͠Ζ͍ͱࢥ͏ͷɺΈͳ͞Μ͓͠Ζ͍ͱࢥͬͯ͘Ε·͢ΑͶʁ w ͕͍͢͝ͱࢥ͏ਓͷهࣄɺΈͳ͞ΜಡΜͰΈ͍ͨͰ͢ΑͶʁ
8&# %#13&44ઐࢽ w ઐࢽʗઐॻɺઐՈ͕ઐՈʹ͚ͯॻ͘ͷ w ஶऀ͞ΜಡऀͰ͋Δ͠ɺಡऀͷํஶऀʹͳΓ͏Δ w ʰ&YDFMೖʱʰࢿ৴ୗೖʱΈ͍ͨͳઐՈ͕Ұൠͷਓʹ͚ͯॻ͘ ʮҰൠॻʯͱҟͳΓɺʮઐॻʯஶऀฤूऀಡऀͷํʹ͍ۙҐஔʹ ͍Δ
ͦ͏Ͱ͋ΔͳΒ w ϖϧιφͱ͔Ͱͳ͘ɺຊʹಡऀͷํͷ͓إ͕ݟ͑Δʂ͓͕ฉ͚Δʂ w ஶऀ͞Μͱͷձɺษڧձɺ࠙ձɺ4/4ʜʜ w ஶऀ͞Μ͔Βͷ͝ఏҊͨ͘͞Μʂ w ͜Εॻ͖͍ͨɺ͜ΕಡΈ͍ͨ
J04ͱ͔ͷఆظߋ৽ͷࠩΛຖΓ͍ͨ দా໌͞Μ
3VCZΛ࡞͍ͬͯΔਓ͕͔ͤͬۙ͘͘ʹ͍ΔΜ͔ͩΒ ࡞ͬͨਓʹΑΔهࣄ͕ಡΈ͍ͨ দా໌͞Μ
8&# %#13&44ͱஶऀ͞Μ Ͳ͏ͬͯஶऀ͞ΜΛ։͍ͯ͠Δͷ͔
ʮ8&# %#13&44૯ूฤʦ7PMʙʧʯQ ࠷৽ͷ૯ूฤʹऩ
8&# %#13&44ͷஶऀ͞ΜԿਓʁ 7PMʙ w ਓҎ্ͷஶऀ͞ΜʢϢχʔΫʣ w ߸͋ͨΓਓલޙͷ৽نஶऀ͞Μ ͜Ε͚ͩͷͷஶऀ͞ΜΛͲ͏ͬͯ։͍ͯ͠Δͷ͔
લఏ w ґཔͯ͠அΒΕΔ͜ͱͷ߅΄΅ͳ͍Ͱ͢ w ਖ਼֬ʹݴ͏ͱɺਓฒΈʹ͋ΔΜ͚ͩͲແࢹͰ͖·͢ w ͳͷͰɺΧδϡΞϧʹґཔͰ͖·͢
ϦϑΝϥϧ ͋ΔఔͷܦݧΛੵΜͩฤूऀʹڞ௨ͷํ๏ w ͭͯΛͨͲΔ w ʮ͜Εʹ͍ͭͯॻ͍ͯͩ͘͞Γͦ͏ͳํΛ͝ଘͳ͍Ͱ͔͢ʁʯ w ʮ͜ͷਓΛհ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ʂʯ w հਪન͍ͯͨͩ͘͠
w ʮ͜͏Ώ͏ͷॻ͖͍ͨਓ͕͍ΔΜ͚ͩͲʯ w ʮ͜ͷਓ͍͢͝Αʂʯ
·ͬͨͭ͘ͳ͕Γͳ͍ํʹಥܸʂ ͨͿΜԦಓͳΜ͚ͩͲɺࢲ͋·ΓΒͳ͍ w اըॻΛఴ͑ͯɺ͋Βͨ·ͬͨϝʔϧΛૹ৴ ࢲͷ߹ʹʙճͱ͔
Πϕϯτձ࠙ձΛΒΒ ͜ΕΛΔฤूऀҙ֎ʹগͳ͍͚Ͳɺࢲఆ൪ w ʮͦΕ͓͠Ζ͍Ͱ͢Ͷʔɻͥͻهࣄʹʂʯ w ʮ͜ͷʹͲͳ͔ͨॻ͍ͯ͘Εͦ͏ͳਓ͍·ͤΜ͔ʁʯ w ʮ͜Εॻ͖͍ͨΜ͚ͩͲʯଟ ʮΠϕϯτձʹ͜Ζ͕͍ͬͯΑ͏ʯʮ࠙ձاըʯ͕Ϟοτʔ ʢίϩφՒͰઈ໓͍ٕͯͨ͠๏ʣ
+YDL͞Μͱͷࢥ͍ग़ ʮ8FC %#1SFTTΛγϯλοΫεϋΠ ϥΠτͨ͠ͷཪଆʯ IUUQTXXXEPDTXFMMDPNTKYDL;9:9( TZOUBYIJHIMJHIUXFCECQSFTT
lҴඌ͞ΜʢฤूऀͷҴඌঘಙࢯʣͱ͓ձ͍͖͔͚ͨͬ͜͠ ͷಡॻձʢҾ༻ऀɿ1PG&""ಡॻձʣͰͨ͠ɻͰ୳͢ฤ ूऀʢসʣɻ֯ా͞ΜʢΦϨϯδχϡʔεͷ֯ాߦࢯʣ͔ Βʮ࠙ձʹࢀՃ͍͍ͨͬͯ͠͏ฤूऀ͕͍ΔΜͰ͕͢ʯͱ ଧ͞ΕͯɻͰɺʮهࣄॻ͍ͯ͘Ε·ͤΜ͔ʯͱʢসʣɻz ֯୩৴ଠ͞Μͱͷग़ձ͍ ʮΑ͓͔͠º֯୩ରஊʰษڧձʹΔๅʱʯ IUUQTKJCVOBUNBSLJUDPKQMDPNDTIUNM
lޡղΛڪΕͣݴ͑ɺηογϣϯΛฉ͍͍ͯΔͩ ͚ͷਓૉਓͳΘ͚Ͱ͢ΑɻηογϣϯҎ֎ͷ ॴͰɺ୭ͱͨ͠ͱ͔ɺΓ߹͍͕૿͑ͨͱ͔ɺ ΞΠσΞΛަͨ͠ͱ͔ɺͦ͏͍ͬͨ͜ͱʹՁ ͕͋Δͣɻz ʮηογϣϯΛฉ͍͍ͯΔ͚ͩͷਓૉਓʯ ֯୩৴ଠ͞Μ ʮ3VCZձٞӡӦҕһɺ֯୩৴ଠ͞ΜΠϯλϏϡʔʯ IUUQTHJIZPKQOFXTSFQPSUSVCZLBJHJ
8&# %#13&44ͱݪߘ ΤϯδχΞͰ͋ΓɺࣥචͷϓϩͰͳ͍ஶऀ͞Μ͔Β ݪߘΛ͍͔ʹଷ͢Δ͔
8&# %#13&44ͷஶऀ͞Μ w ຊ৬ΤϯδχΞ w ؒɾٳʹ͓ॻ͖ʹͳΔํ͕ଟ͍ w ฤूऀฏதʹಈ͘ͷͰɺΓͱΓඇಉظ w ࣥචͷϓϩͰͳ͍
w ΠϯλϏϡʔهࣄͷΠϯλϏϡΞʔͱ͔ΤϯδχΞͷํ w ࣥ͝චࣗମ͕ॳΊͯͷํ͕ଟ͍
શମͷྲྀΕ w ଧͪ߹ΘͤʢҎ߱(JU)VCͰඇಉظͰΓͱΓʣ w اըৄࡉԽʢΞτϥΠϯʣ w اըձٞɹʢൃചϲ݄લʣ w ͓కΊΓʢൃചϲ݄લʣ w
ҹॴೖߘʢൃചϲ݄લʣ w ൃച
(JU)VCͰͷΓͱΓ w 8*1ʢ8PSL*O1SPHSFTTʣͳ1VMM3FRVFTUΛग़ͯ͠࡞ۀ w ΨΠυͱͳΔJTTVFΛཱͯΔ w ͜ͷஈ֊Ͱ͜ΕΛ͍ͬͯͩ͘͞ w JTTVFͷςϯϓϨʔτສࣈ w
ϙΠϯλͱͳΔυΩϡϝϯτ w ͜Μͳײ͡Ͱॻ͍͍ͯͩ͘͞ w 3&"%.&NEສࣈ
(JU)VCฤूऀʹͱͬͯΓ͍͢ڥ w ஶ࡞ݖऀஶऀ͞Μ w ʮɺʯͷҐஔΛม͑Δͱ͍ͬͨ͜ͱɺஶऀ͞ΜͷڐՄͳ͘ߦ͑ͳ͍ w (JU)VCͩͱมߋఏҊϦϥΠτΛ͍͢͠ w ࠩΛ֬ೝͰ͖Δ w
ίϛοτϝοηʔδͰมߋҙਤΛ͑ΒΕΔ w 1VMM3FRVFTUΛഁغͨ͠ΓόʔδϣϯΛͨ͠ΓͰ͖Δ
ΞτϥΠϯॏཁ w ࣥච։࢝લʹɺΞτϥΠϯΛຊ൪ͱಉʹৄࡉԽ͢Δ w ͜ͷλΠϛϯάͰҰৄࡉԽ͖͓ͬͯ͘͠΄͏͕͏·͘ਐΉ w ಛूͩͱҎ্ͷݟग़͠ w ॻ͖ͳ͕ΒɺΑΓྑ͍ΞτϥΠϯϒϥογϡΞοϓ͍ͯ͘͠ ˞ࣄલʹΞτϥΠϯΛߟҊ͢Δͷۤख͚ͩͲɺ͢Β͍͠จΛ͓ॻ͖ʹ
ͳΔํكʹ͍Βͬ͠ΌΔɻ͘͝كͳͷͰɺؾܰʹखग़͞ͳ͍΄͏͕Α͍
ࣥචͷྲྀΕ w ߘʢओʹମࡋͷ֬ೝɻະࣥචՕॴଟʣ w ߘ w ߘʢҰ௨Γॻ্͖͕Γʣ w શߘʢϨϏϡʔͷରԠྔௐʣ λΠϜϘοΫεिؒɻࣥචظؒϲ݄
ʢॻ੶ͷ߹ͷλΠϜϘοΫεϲ݄ɻʮ݄ʹOষࣥචʯͱ͔ͰਐΊΔʣ
ࠓճͷొஃʹ͋ͨͬͯฦ͖ͬͯͨϒʔϝϥϯ দా໌͞Μʹొஃ࣌ؒʹ͍ͭͯ͝૬ஊͨ͠ͱ͖ͷ͓ฦࣄ
8&# %#13&44ͱจষ Θ͔Γ͍͢จষΞτϥΠϯͱ
จ
ޠॱ ͍म০ޠલʹɺ͍म০ޠޙʹ ͍ͣΕʮࢴʯʹ͍ͬͯΔʮന͍ࢴʯʮԣઢͷҾ͔Εͨࢴʯ ʮްखͷࢴʯͷͭΛͭʹ·ͱΊΔ߹ɺ௨Γͷฒํ͕͋Δ ✕ന͍ԣઢͷҾ͔Εͨްखͷࢴʢന͍ԣઢʁʣ ✕ްखͷԣઢͷҾ͔Εͨന͍ࢴʢްखͷԣઢʁʣ ✕ްखͷന͍ԣઢͷҾ͔Εͨࢴʢްखͷന͍ԣઢʁʣ ✕ʜʜ ˓ԣઢͷҾ͔Εͨްखͷന͍ࢴ ຊଟউҰஶʰ৽൛ຊޠͷ࡞จٕज़ʱ
ே৽ฉग़൛ɺɺୈࡾষʮम০ͷॱংʯ
ಡͷ͏͔ͪͨ ޠॱ͕ٯॱͷ߹ʹςϯΛ͏ͭ ओޠͷڧௐͷͨΊͳͲͰɺઌड़ͨ͠ޠॱͷ๏ଇ͔Βมߋ͢Δ߹ มߋͨ͠ՕॴʹಡΛଧͭ w ݂·ΈΕʹͳͬͯಀ͛ग़ͨ͠Λลܐࣄ͍͔͚ͨɻ ʢޠॱͷ๏ଇͲ͓ΓͳͷͰಡෆཁʣ w ลܐࣄɺ݂·ΈΕʹͳͬͯಀ͛ग़ͨ͠Λ͍͔͚ͨɻ ʢಡ͕ͳ͍ͱʮลܐࣄ݂·ΈΕʹͳͬͯʯͱͳΔʣ
ຊଟউҰஶʰ৽൛ຊޠͷ࡞จٕज़ʱ ே৽ฉग़൛ɺɺୈ࢛ষʮ۟ಡͷ͏͔ͪͨʯ
ಡͷ͏͔ͪͨ ͍म০ޠ͕ೋͭҎ্͋Δͱ͖ɺͦͷڥքʹςϯΛ͏ͭ ઓલ͔ΒͷۀքͷྲྀΕΛΔװ෦ɺ ੲͷ͜ͱԿΒͳ͍एखɺ ࠓͷړ͔֫ͭͯͷ༸ʹ͍ͭͯฉ͘ͱ ͏͠ΖΊͨͦ͏ͳإʹͳͬͨɻ ຊଟউҰஶʰ৽൛ຊޠͷ࡞จٕज़ʱ ே৽ฉग़൛ɺɺୈ࢛ষʮ۟ಡͷ͏͔ͪͨʯ
ॏཁͰͳ͍༻ޠɺ؆୯ʹઆ໌͢Δ ͍͍͢͢ಡΈਐΊΔʹʮͳΜͱͳ͘ͰΘ͔Δʯ͜ͱ͕ॏཁ Ԭౡஉஶ ʰडୗ։ൃͷۃҙʱ ٕज़ධࣾɺɺQɺ ʮϏϧυΛߦ͏˓˓ϝιουʯʮ˓˓ͱ͍͏࠷దԽख๏ʯͳͲ Ұݴઆ໌͕͋Δ͚ͩͰ͙ͬͱಡΈਐΊ͘͢ͳΔ
Ͳͷ༻ޠ·Ͱઆ໌͢Δʁ ରಡऀɺΰʔϧɺ͑ΔྔʹΑͬͯҟͳΔ w Կ·Ͱઆ໌ͤͣɺԿ͔Βઆ໌͢Δ͔·͍͠ w มͱ͔Βʁܕ͔Βʁ͔ؔΒʁΫϩʔδϟ͔Βʁ w ͦ͜Λਂ͘Ή͘Β͍ͳΒɺྔʹ༨༟͕͋Δ߹ɺɹɹ ͥΜͿઆ໌Ͱ౷Ұ͢Δ΄͏ָ͕ͰΘ͔Γ͍͢͜ͱଟ͍ w
ʰ4XJGU࣮ફೖʱଞݴޠͷܦݧ͕͋Δਓ͕ର͕ͩɹ มͱɺఆͱɺ͔Βઆ໌͍ͯ͠Δ ੴ༸ࢿɺࢁ༐ੈஶ ʰʦ૿ิվగୈ൛ʧ4XJGU࣮ફೖʱ ٕज़ධࣾɺ
छผΛ໌ه͢Δ ϝιουɺΫϥεɺΠϯλϑΣʔεɺܕɺྻɺཁૉɺଐੑʜʜ ࢁຊཅฏஶ ʰ8FCΛࢧ͑Δٕज़ʱ ٕज़ධࣾɺɺQ ʮ̋̋ϝιουʯʮ̋̋Ϋϥεʯʮ̋̋ΠϯλϑΣʔεʯʮ̋̋ܕʯ ʮ̋̋ྻʯͳͲछผ͕͋Δ͚ͩͰ͙ͬͱಡΈਐΊ͘͢ͳΔ ͨͱ͑ɺ୯ʹʮIʯΑΓʮIཁૉʯͷ΄͏͕Θ͔Γ͍͢͠ ʮݟग़͠Λද͢Iཁૉʯͷ΄͏͕ͬͱΘ͔Γ͍͢
ࢦ໊ࣔࢺଟ༻͠ͳ͍ ͏߹ʮ͜ΕʯΑΓʮ͜ͷϝιουʯͷ΄͏͕Θ͔Γ͍͢ w ʮ͜ΕʯʮͦΕʯͳͲͷࢦ໊ࣔࢺ͕ଟొ͢ΔͱɺԿΛࢦ͔͕͢Θ͔Γ ʹ͍͘ w ໌֬Ͱͳ͘ͳΔՕॴͰɺʮ̋̋ϝιουʯͷΑ͏ʹ۩ମతʹॻ͘ w ͏߹ɺʮ͜Εʯͱ͍ͬͨࢦ໊ࣔࢺΑΓɺʮ͜ͷϝιουʯͱ͍ ͬͨࢦࣔ࿈ମࢺͷ΄͏͕Θ͔Γ͍͢
දݱΛ؆ུԽ͢Δ શഇ͢Δඞཁͳ͍͚Ͳɺͳͤ͘ΔՕॴͳ͘͢ w ͠·͏ɺ͠·͍ɺ͠·ͬ w ʮใ͕ࣦΘΕͯ͠·͏ʯˠʮใ͕ࣦΘΕΔʯ w Α͏ͳɺΑ͏ʹɺͱ͍͏ɺͱ͍ͬͨ w ʮදʹࣔ͢Α͏ͳπʔϧʯˠʮදʹࣔ͢πʔϧʯ
w ͯΈͯɺͯΈΔ w ʮࢼͯ͠Έ͍ͯͩ͘͞ʯˠʮࢼ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ʯ w ඇৗʹɺͱͯɺ͍ͨΜ w ଟ༻͢ΔͱɺڧௐޮՌ͕ബΕΔ HSFQS͠·<͍͏ͬ> HSFQSΑ͏<ͳʹ> HSFQSͱ͍<͏ͬ> HSFQSͯΈ<ͨͯΔ> HSFQS&ඇৗʹcͱͯc͍ͨΜcେม
ஈམ
ஈམ͚ ҙຯͷ·ͱ·Γ͝ͱʹ͚ɺஈམͰτϐοΫʢʣͷΈѻ͏ ֤ͦͯ͠ஈམͷจʹɺஈམͷओΛઆ໌͢Δจʢτϐ οΫηϯςϯεʣΛॻ͘ ០ढ़وஶ ʰʦ૿ิվగʧྑ͍ίʔυΛॻٕ͘ज़ʱ ٕज़ධࣾɺɺQ τϐοΫηϯςϯε͕֓ཁɺҎ͕߱ৄࡉ ֤ஈམͷจ͚ͩΛಡΊɺจষͷཁʹͳΔ
దͳʮҙຯͷ·ͱ·Γʯͬͯʁ ஈམͷཻɺݟग़͠ͷཻʹൺྫ͢Δ w ݟग़͠ͷཻ͕େ͖͍ͱɺஈམͷཻେ͖͘ͳΔ w ݟग़͠ͷཻ͕খ͚͞Εʢݟग़͕͠ࡉԽ͞Ε͍ͯΕʣɹ ஈམͷཻʢͭͷτϐοΫʣখ͘͞ͳΔ 3VCZͷόʔδϣϯ͝ͱͷಛ όʔδϣϯͷஈམ όʔδϣϯͷஈམ
ʜʜ 3VCZͷόʔδϣϯ͝ͱͷಛ όʔδϣϯ όʔδϣϯͷ֓ཁͷஈམ όʔδϣϯͷ̋̋ͷஈམ ʜʜ όʔδϣϯ ʜʜ
ஈམʹؔ͢Δࢀߟจݙ Լੋ༤ஶʰཧՊܥͷ࡞จٕज़ʱதԝެ৽ࣾɺ
จষΛಡΉ͚ͩͰɺେҙ͑ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ ݟग़͠ɺιʔείʔυɺਤɺදಡΈඈ͞Ε͕ͪ ా૱ஶ ʰ'MVFOUE࣮ફೖʱ ٕज़ධࣾɺɺQ จ͕ͳ͍߹ɺҎ߱ͷຊจͰʮ5%@"(&/5@015*0/4ʯͳͲ͕ొͨ͠ͱ͖ ຊจͰॳग़ͳͷͰʮ͜ΕͳʹʁʯͱͳΓ͕ͪ
ΞτϥΠϯ
ʮݟग़͠ͷదͳ֊ͱʯʁ ഔମʹΑͬͯҟͳΔ w 8&# %#13&44ʢ#ɺஈʣ w ষͷԼʹ֊ɺϖʔδ͋ͨΓݟग़͠ w 8&# %#13&44QMVTʢ"ɺஈʣ
w ষͷԼʹ֊ɺϖʔδ͋ͨΓݟग़͠ w ϒϩάʢϒϥβɺஈʣ w هࣄͷԼʹ֊ɺը໘͋ͨΓݟग़͠ʁʁʢࣗ৴ͳ͠ʣ
ݟग़͠ʹετʔϦʔ Ͳͷ֊ͷݟग़͠·ͰΛಡΜͰɺͷྲྀΕ͕Θ͔ΔΑ͏ʹ w ষλΠτϧ͚ͩΛಡΜͰɺষͱઅϨϕϧ·ͰΛಡΜͰɺ શ࣍ʢষઅ߲ʣΛಡΜͰɺετʔϦʔ͕ཧղͰ͖Δ w ਂ͍ݟग़͠·ͰΛಡΉͱɺΑΓৄࡉ͕Θ͔Δ ୈষɹυϥΰϯΫΤετ9ͱԿ͔ᴷᴷυϥΰϯΫΤετ͔ΦϯϥΠϯήʔϜ͔ ୈষɹ։ൃɾӡӦମ੍ᴷᴷυϥΰϯΫΤετ9Λࢧ͑Δਓʑ ୈষɹΞʔΩςΫνϟᴷᴷΫϩεϓϥοτϑΥʔϜ..031(ͷجຊߏ
ୈষɹ։ൃɾӡӦମ੍ᴷᴷυϥΰϯΫΤετ9Λࢧ͑Δਓʑ ͞·͟·ͳਓʹࢧ͑ΒΕΔυϥΰϯΫΤετ9 υϥΰϯΫΤετ9ઐଐͷ։ൃίΞνʔϜ ήʔϜλΠτϧԣஅͷ։ൃؔ࿈৫ ੨ࢁެ࢜ஶ ʰυϥΰϯΫΤετ9Λࢧ͑Δٕज़ʱ ٕज़ධࣾɺ
ݟग़͚ͩ͠Ͱҙຯ͕Θ͔ΔΑ͏ʹ ໊ࢺ͚ͩͷݟग़͠Ͱͳ͘ɺઆ໌తʹ͢Δ ϓϩμΫτΦʔφʔᴷᴷϓϩμΫτͷ࠷ऴऀ ։ൃνʔϜᴷᴷϓϩμΫτΛ࡞ΔઐՈ εΫϥϜϚελʔᴷᴷεΫϥϜͷਪਐऀ 3FBDUʹΑΔ8FCΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃ 4QSJOH#PPUʹΑΔ8FCΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃ +VQZUFS/PUFCPPLʹΑΔσʔλੳ ্ా༟ݾஶ ʰຖ͑Δʂ
7JTVBM4UVEJP$PEFʱ ٕज़ධࣾɺ ַࢤɺݪాউ৴ɺౡ࢙యɺ ܀ྛ݈ଠɺࣲాതࢤɺՈӬӳ࣏ஶ ʰεΫϥϜ࣮ફೖʱ ٕज़ධࣾɺ
ݟग़͚ͩ͠Ͱ͕͑Θ͔ΔΑ͏ʹ ʮ˓˓ͱԿ͔ʯʮ˓˓ͷಛʯͷ͑·ͰԼͷݟग़͠Ͱ͑Δ 8FCϖʔδͷͱԿ͔ ϖʔδϩʔυͷᴷᴷϖʔδ͕දࣔ͞ΕΔ·Ͱͷ ϥϯλΠϜͷᴷᴷϖʔδ্Ͱͷૢ࡞ʹର͢Δ6*ͷԠ ಛ Ұݟ͚ͨͩͰɺ͓͓ΑͦΛཧղͰ͖Δ બج४͕هࡌ͞Ε͍ͯΔ ʜʜ גࣜձࣾ/55σʔλ
ਿݪ݈ɺ٢ాҰɺؠ࡚ݡ࣏ɺ ࡾӜࢤɺ٢ాࠤஐஉஶ ʰΠϯϑϥσβΠϯύλʔϯʱ ٕज़ධࣾɺ ࠤ౻าɺઘਫᠳޗஶ ʰʂ8FCϖʔδվળΨΠυʱ ٕज़ධࣾɺ
ಡղྗ͕ඞཁͳݟग़͠ߏආ͚Δ ߏԽ͠ɺಡऀͷํ͕ಡղྗΛ༻͍ͳͯ͘Θ͔ΔΑ͏ʹ ϋϜΤοάͷϨγϐ ࡐྉɿϋϜ ࡐྉɿཛ ࡐྉɿ༉ खॱɿ༉ΛҾ͘ खॱɿϋϜΛᖱΊΔ खॱɿཛΛׂΔ ಡղྗ͕ඞཁ
ϋϜΤοάͷϨγϐ ࡐྉ ϋϜ ཛ ༉ खॱ ༉ΛҾ͘ ϋϜΛᖱΊΔ ཛΛׂΔ ಡղྗ͕ෆཁ
Լͷ֊ͷݟग़͠΄Ͳଟ͘ ֓ཁ͔Βৄࡉʹ͔͏ͷͰɺԼҐ΄Ͳଟ͘ͳΔ ʰϊϯϓϩάϥϚͷͨΊͷ+BWB4DSJQU͡ΊͷҰาʱ w ষ w અ w ߲ w
֎ଜਔஶ ʰϊϯϓϩάϥϚͷͨΊͷ+BWB4DSJQU͡ΊͷҰาʱ ٕज़ධࣾɺ
Լͷ֊ͷݟग़͠΄Ͳ͘ ֓ཁ͔Βৄࡉʹ͔͏ͷͰɺԼҐ΄Ͳ͘ͳΔ ୈষɿ8FCϖʔδͷ 8FCϖʔδͷͱԿ͔ ϖʔδϩʔυͷᴷᴷϖʔδ͕දࣔ͞ΕΔ·Ͱͷ ϥϯλΠϜͷᴷᴷϖʔδ্Ͱͷૢ࡞ʹର͢Δ6*ͷԠ 8FCϖʔδͷͷॏཁੑ ϏδωεͷӨڹ 8FCϖʔδͷԆʹΑΔϢʔβʔମݧͷѱԽ (PPHMFͱ.JDSPTPGUͷࣄྫᴷᴷԆʹΑΔऩӹͷѱԽ
ΞϝϦΧେ౷ྖબڍͷࣄྫᴷᴷϩʔυͷߴԽʹΑΔίϯόʔδϣϯͷ্ /FUqJYͷࣄྫᴷᴷωοτϫʔΫసૹྔͷݮʹΑΔίετͷݮ ࠤ౻าɺઘਫᠳޗஶ ʰʂ8FCϖʔδվળΨΠυʱ ٕज़ධࣾɺ
ݟग़͠ඌͷ໋໊نଇΛܾΊΔ ମݴࢭΊͱ༻ݴࢭΊͲ͏͍͚Δʁ w جຊମݴࢭΊͱ͠ɺͲ͏͍ͬͨՕॴͰͷΈ༻ݴࢭΊʹ͢Δ͔ΛܾΊΔͱ εϜʔζ w ମݴࢭΊɿʮ˓˓ͷΠϯετʔϧʯ w ༻ݴࢭΊɿʮ˓˓ΛΠϯετʔϧ͢Δʯ w
ʮ̋̋ʹ͍ͭͯʯͱ͍͏໋໊͚Α͏ͱࢥ͑େଟͷݟग़͠ʹ͚ΒΕ ΔͨΊආ͚Δ w ʮ8FCαʔόͷಋೖʹ͍ͭͯʯͰͳ͘ʮ8FCαʔόͷಋೖʯ
ʮ"ͱ#ʯͱ͍͏ݟग़͠ͷ໋໊ආ͚Δ ୯ͳΔྻڍͰઆ໌ʹͳͬͯͳ͍ ΞϨάβϯμʔͷͭͷݪཧͱɺ91ͷϓϥΫςΟε 91ͱύλʔϯ ར༻ऀͱઃܭऀ "ͱ#ͷΈ ΞϨάβϯμʔͷͭͷݪཧͱɺ91ͷϓϥΫςΟεͷൺֱ 91ͱύλʔϯͷؔ ར༻ऀͱઃܭऀͷؔΛݟ͢ "ͱ#͕આ໌͞Ε͍ͯΔ
ߐߒҰஶ ʰύλʔϯɺ8JLJɺ91ʱ ٕज़ධࣾɺ
͜͜·Ͱͷ༰Λ౿·͑Εϖʔδͷຊॻ͚·͢ ͚࣍ͩͰສઍจࣈ vi ࣍˔'MVFOUE࣮ફೖɹ౷߹ϩάج൫ͷͨΊͷσʔλऩूπʔϧ ͡Ίʹ ................................................................................................................................ iii ँࣙ ....................................................................................................................................... iv
ຊॻͷಡΈਐΊํ ......................................................................................................... v ຊॻͷલఏࣝ............................................................................................................. v ରόʔδϣϯ .............................................................................................................. v ಈ࡞ڥ ....................................................................................................................... v αϙʔτϖʔδ .............................................................................................................. v ୈ 1 ষ 'MVFOUEͱԿ͔ ........................................................................................... 1 1.1 'MVFOUEɹ౷߹ϩάج൫ͷͨΊͷσʔλऩूπʔϧ 2 1.2 ϩάͱԿ͔ 3 ϩάͷछྨ ............................................................................................................................. 3 γεςϜϩάɹίϯϐϡʔλγεςϜͷঢ়گΛه͢Δ ........................................................... 3 ΞΫηεϩάɹ8FCαʔϏεͷϦΫΤετΛه͢Δ ........................................................... 4 ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯϩάɹίϯϐϡʔλγεςϜͰՔಇ͢ΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷڍಈΛه͢Δ .......... 4 ૢ࡞ϩάߦಈϩάɺ *P5ͷϩάɹΑΓৄࡉʹϢʔβʔͷڍಈΛه͢Δ ................................ 5 େنσʔλॲཧͷ࣌ͷ౸དྷ ........................................................................................... 6 σʔλྔͱϢʔεέʔεͷٸܹͳ૿େ ............................................................................ 6 େنσʔλॲཧͷͨΊͷιϑτΣΞͷొ ............................................................... 7 1.3 'MVFOUEͷಛ 8 ॊೈͳσʔλૹɹೖྗݩͱग़ྗઌΛࣗ༝ʹΈ߹ΘͤΔ ......................................................... 8 ͷσʔλೖग़ྗ ...................................................................................................... 9 σʔλసૹΛڬΜͩೖग़ྗ ............................................................................................ 9 ߏԽσʔλɹѻ͏ใͯ͢ʹҙຯΛ࣋ͨͤΔ...................................................................... 10 ๛ͳϓϥάΠϯɹଟ༷ͳೖग़ྗͱ࣮ߦڥΛαϙʔτ͢Δ ...................................................... 11 'MVFOUEొҎલͷ .......................................................................................... 11 'MVFOUEʹΑΔղܾ ...................................................................................................... 11 ެ։ϓϥάΠϯͷϢʔβʔؒͰͷڞ༗ .......................................................................... 13 ग़ྗͷฒྻԽͱ࠶࣮ߦͷ͠ ͘ΈͷఏڙɹϓϥάΠϯͷ࣮Λ؆୯ʹ͠ ͯ։ൃΛࢧԉ͢Δ ............ 14 1.4 'MVFOUEͷσʔλॲཧํࣜ 14 όονॲཧͷ ............................................................................................................ 14 σʔλ͕·ͱ·͔ͬͯΒసૹ͢Δ ................................................................................... 15 σʔλ͕·ͱ·͔ͬͯΒॲཧ͢Δ ................................................................................... 15 ετ ϦʔϜॲཧʹΑΔղܾ .................................................................................................... 16 σʔλΛଈ࠲ʹసૹ͢Δ .............................................................................................. 16 vii ࣍ σʔλΛଈ࠲ʹॲཧ͢Δ .............................................................................................. 17 'MVFOUEͰѻ͑Δσʔλ ...................................................................................................... 17 1.5 'MVFOUEͷϢʔεέʔε 18 ϩάݕࡧΛ࣮͘͢ߦ ..................................................................................................... 18 ϩάूܭʹΑΔϞχλϦϯάͱ௨ͷࣗಈԽ ...................................................................... 18 ϦΞϧλΠ Ϝͳঢ়گੳ ....................................................................................................... 19 'MVFOUEΛ༻͖͢Ͱͳ͍έʔε ................................................................................... 20 1.6 'MVFOUEͷίΞػೳ 20 ϧʔςΟ ϯάɹߦ͖ઌΛ੍ޚ͢Δ ............................................................................................. 21 όοϑΝ ϦϯάɹσʔλΛҰ࣌తʹอଘ͠ ͯ·ͱΊΔ ................................................................... 22 Ϧ τ ϥΠɹࣦഊͨ͠ॲཧΛΓͳ͓͢ ......................................................................................... 23 ϓϥάΠϯػߏɹ͞·͟·ͳػೳΛೖΕସ͑Մೳʹ͢Δ.............................................................. 24 1.7 'MVFOUEͷσʔλૹํࣜ 24 BUNPTUPODFɹԿͳ͚Εޭͱ͢Δ ................................................................................ 26 ࠾༻͢Δ͖Ϣʔεέʔε ........................................................................................... 26 BUMFBTUPODFɹޭͨ͠ͱฦࣄ͕ͳ͚Εࣦഊͱ͢Δ ............................................................. 26 ࠾༻͢Δ͖Ϣʔεέʔε ........................................................................................... 27 ίϥϜ'MVFOUEͰະ࣮ͷFYBDUMZPODFɹਖ਼֬ʹճ͚ͩసૹ͢Δ .................................... 28 1.8 'MVFOUEͷόʔδϣϯ 31 1.9 ຊॻͷߏ 32 1.10 ·ͱΊ 33 ୈ 2 ষ 'MVFOUEͷΠϯε τʔϧ ....................................................................... 35 2.1 'MVFOUEͷಈ࡞ڥ 36 'MVFOUEʹඞཁͳϗετੑೳ .............................................................................................. 36 2.2 Πϯε τʔϧલͷ४උ 37 ࣌ࠁͷಉظͷઃఆɹ/51Λ༻͍ͯ࣌ࠁΛ߹ΘͤΔ .................................................................. 37 γεςϜϦιʔε੍ݶͷมߋɹଟͷϑΝΠϧΛѻ͑ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ ............................................ 37 ϑΝΠϧσΟ εΫϦϓλͷઃఆ ....................................................................................... 37 ωοτϫʔΫؔ࿈ͷઃఆ ............................................................................................... 39 ࣮ߦ༰ͷݕ౼ ................................................................................................................... 39 2.3 Πϯε τʔϧํ๏ͷબ 41 ύοέʔδΛ༻͍ͨΠϯετʔϧ ......................................................................................... 41 UEBHFOUɹྺ࢙ͱ࣮ͷ҆ఆ൛ ....................................................................................... 41 viii DBMZQUJBqVFOUEɹ৽ੈͷ҆ఆ൛ ................................................................................ 41 ύοέʔδΛ༻͍ͳ͍Πϯετʔϧ ..................................................................................... 42 HFNɹखݩڥͰͷ'MVFOUEར༻ʹ ................................................................................... 42 ιʔείʔυɹ'MVFOUEຊମͷ։ൃʹ ................................................................................ 42 2.4 ύοέʔδΛ༻͍ͨΠϯε τʔϧ 43 SQNύοέʔδɹ3FE)BU&OUFSQSJTF-JOVYɺ "NB[PO-JOVYͳͲ ............................................. 43 UEBHFOUͷΠϯετʔϧ .............................................................................................. 43 DBMZQUJBqVFOUEͷΠϯετʔϧ .................................................................................. 43 ઃఆϑΝΠϧͷॴ ..................................................................................................... 44 ىಈʗఀࢭํ๏ .......................................................................................................... 44 EFCύοέʔδɹ6CVOUVɺ %FCJBO(/6-JOVYͳͲ ................................................................. 44 UEBHFOUͷΠϯετʔϧ .............................................................................................. 44 DBMZQUJBqVFOUEͷΠϯετʔϧ .................................................................................. 45 ઃఆϑΝΠϧͷॴ ..................................................................................................... 45 ىಈʗఀࢭํ๏ .......................................................................................................... 46 NTJύοέʔδɹ8JOEPXT .................................................................................................... 46 UEBHFOUͷΠϯετʔϧ .............................................................................................. 46 DBMZQUJBqVFOUEͷΠϯετʔϧ .................................................................................. 47 ઃఆϑΝΠϧͷॴ ..................................................................................................... 47 ىಈʗఀࢭํ๏ .......................................................................................................... 47 2.5 ύοέʔδΛ༻͍ͳ͍Πϯε τʔϧ 48 HFNɹखݩڥͰͷ'MVFOUEར༻ʹ ......................................................................................... 48 'MVFOUEͷΠϯετʔϧ ................................................................................................ 48 ઃఆϑΝΠϧͷॴ ..................................................................................................... 48 ىಈʗఀࢭํ๏ .......................................................................................................... 49 ιʔείʔυɹ'MVFOUEຊମͷ։ൃʹ....................................................................................... 49 'MVFOUEͷΠϯετʔϧ ................................................................................................ 49 ઃఆϑΝΠϧͷॴ ..................................................................................................... 50 ىಈʗఀࢭํ๏ .......................................................................................................... 50 2.6 ·ͱΊ 50 ୈ 3 ষ 'MVFOUEͷγεςϜઃఆ .................................................................... 51 3.1 'MVFOUEͷγεςϜઃఆɹ'MVFOUEͦͷͷͷڍಈΛࢦఆ͢Δ 52 ಈ࡞ํ๏ؔ࿈ͷύϥϝʔλ ................................................................................................. 53 QSPDFTT@OBNFύϥϝʔλɹϓϩηε໊Λࢦఆ͢Δ ........................................................... 53 XPSLFSTύϥϝʔλɹϫʔΧʔΛࢦఆ͢Δ ...................................................................... 53 XJUIPVU@TPVSDFύϥϝʔλɹ*OQVUϓϥάΠϯͳ͠ Ͱىಈ͢Δ .............................................. 54 FOBCMF@NTHQBDL@UJNF@TVQQPSUύϥϝʔλɹ5JNFΦϒδΣΫτΛॲཧՄೳʹ͢Δ .............. 54 TUSJDU@DPOpH@WBMVFύϥϝʔλɹύϥϝʔλܕͷνΣ οΫΛݫີʹߦ͏ ................................. 55 ix ࣍ SFTUBSU@XPSLFS@JOUFSWBMύϥϝʔλɹϫʔΧʔϓϩηε࠶ىಈ࣌ʹͪ࣌ؒΛ࣋ͭ ............... 55 EJTBCMF@TIBSFE@TPDLFUύϥϝʔλɹϓϩηεؒڞ༗ιέο τΛ༻͠ͳ͍ .......................... 55 ϑΝΠϧγεςϜؔ࿈ͷύϥϝʔλ ..................................................................................... 56 SPPU@EJSύϥϝʔλɹϓϥάΠϯ༻σΟ εΫεϖʔεΛࢦఆ͢Δ .............................................. 56 pMF@QFSNJTTJPOύϥϝʔλɹϑΝΠϧ࡞࣌ͷσϑΥϧτύʔϛ ογϣϯΛࢦఆ͢Δ ................. 57 EJS@QFSNJTTJPOύϥϝʔλɹσΟ ϨΫτ Ϧ࡞࣌ͷσϑΥϧτύʔϛ ογϣϯΛࢦఆ͢Δ .............. 57 ϩάग़ྗؔ࿈ͷύϥϝʔλ .................................................................................................. 57 MPH@MFWFMύϥϝʔλɹ'MVFOUEશମͷϩάϨϕϧΛࢦఆ͢Δ ................................................ 57 TVQQSFTT@DPOpH@EVNQύϥϝʔλɹϩάͷઃఆμϯϓΛग़ྗ͠ͳ͍ .............................. 58 TVQQSFTT@SFQFBUFE@TUBDLUSBDFύϥϝʔλ ɹ࿈ଓͨ͠ಉҰΤϥʔͷελοΫτϨʔεΛग़ྗ͠ͳ͍ ............................................................ 58 MPH@FWFOU@WFSCPTFύϥϝʔλɹఀࢭॲཧ࣌ʹϩάΛग़ྗ͢Δ ........................................ 59 FNJU@FSSPS@MPH@JOUFSWBMύϥϝʔλɹ*OQVUϓϥάΠϯͷFNJUࣦഊϩάͷग़ྗΛ੍͢Δ ........ 59 JHOPSF@SFQFBUFE@MPH@JOUFSWBMύϥϝʔλɹ࿈ଓ͠ ͯൃੜ͢ΔಉҰϩάͷग़ྗΛ੍͢Δ ...... 59 JHOPSF@TBNF@MPH@JOUFSWBMύϥϝʔλɹಉҰϩάͷग़ྗΛ੍͢Δ .................................. 60 ϩάग़ྗؔ࿈ͷৄࡉύϥϝʔλ .......................................................................................... 60 GPSNBUύϥϝʔλɹϩάͷॻࣜΛࢦఆ͢Δ........................................................................ 60 UJNF@GPSNBUύϥϝʔλɹϩάͷ࣌ܗࣜΛࢦఆ͢Δ ........................................................ 61 SPUBUF@TJ[FύϥϝʔλɹϩάϑΝΠϧͷαΠζ্ݶΛࢦఆ͢Δ .............................................. 61 SPUBUF@BHFύϥϝʔλɹอ࣋͢ΔϩάϑΝΠϧͷੈΛࢦఆ͢Δ ........................................ 62 31$ؔ࿈ͷύϥϝʔλ ........................................................................................................ 62 SQD@FOEQPJOUύϥϝʔλɹ31$ૢ࡞༻ͷΤϯυϙΠϯτΛىಈ͢Δ ....................................... 62 FOBCMF@HFU@EVNQύϥϝʔλɹઃఆμϯϓΛग़ྗ͢Δ31$ΤϯυϙΠϯτΛ༗ޮԽ͢Δ ........... 63 3.2 'MVFOUEͷίϚϯυϥΠϯΦϓγϣϯɹ'MVFOUEΛͲͷΑ͏ʹىಈ͢Δ͔Λࢦఆ͢Δ 63 ༻ՄೳͳίϚϯυϥΠϯΦϓγϣϯ .................................................................................. 63 ύοέʔδʹΑΔ'MVFOUEͷίϚϯυϥΠϯΦϓγϣϯࢦఆ ............................................... 63 -JOVYͰͷڥมΛ༻͍ͨࢦఆ ................................................................................ 66 8JOEPXTͰͷϨδετ ϦΛ༻͍ͨࢦఆ ......................................................................... 67 3.3 ઃఆมߋͷөɹઃఆΛ'MVFOUEʹਖ਼͠ ͘ಡΈࠐ·ͤΔ 67 શମͷ࠶ىಈʹΑΔө ..................................................................................................... 67 Ұ෦ͷ࠶ىಈ·ͨ࠶ಡΈࠐΈʹΑΔө ....................................................................... 68 ϫʔΧʔϓϩηεͷ࠶ىಈʹΑΔө .......................................................................... 68 ϫʔΧʔϓϩηε͔Βͷઃఆ࠶ಡΈࠐΈʹΑΔө ..................................................... 68 3.4 γάφϧɺ 31$ʹΑΔϓϩηεཧɹಈ࡞தͷ'MVFOUEΛૢ࡞͢Δ 69 3.5 ·ͱΊ 70 ୈ 4 ষ ઃఆϑΝΠϧͷॻࣜͱߏ ................................................................. 71 4.1 ઃఆͷߏཁૉɹϦςϥϧɺ ύϥϝʔλɺ σΟ ϨΫςΟ ϒ 72 x 4.2 Ϧςϥϧɹ໊લΛදݱ͢Δ 73 Ϧςϥϧͷߏɹ͞·͟·ͳจࣈྻ ......................................................................................... 73 ۭͷϦςϥϧɹจࣈͷจࣈྻ ............................................................................................... 73 γϯάϧΫΦʔτʹΑΔϦςϥϧɹۭനվߦΛؚΉจࣈྻ ................................................... 74 μϒϧΫΦʔτʹΑΔϦςϥϧɹಛघͳॲཧ͕༗ޮͱͳΔ ........................................................ 74 όοΫεϥογϡʹΑΔΤεέʔϓจࣈ ......................................................................... 75 3VCZࣜͷຒΊࠐΈ ..................................................................................................... 75 4.3 ίϝϯ τɹಈ࡞ʹӨڹ͠ͳ͍ऍΛॻ͘ 75 4.4 ύϥϝʔλɹ໊લͱܕͷ͋ΔͷΈ߹ΘͤΛఆٛ͢Δ 76 ύϥϝʔλͷߏɹ໊લͱͷܕΛ࣋ͭ ................................................................................. 76 ໊લɹԿΛઃఆ͢Δ͔Λࢦఆ͢Δ ...................................................................................... 76 ͷܕɹύϥϝʔλ͕ड͚औΔͷܕΛࢦఆ͢Δ.................................................................. 76 ύϥϝʔλͷܕ ..................................................................................................................... 77 ܕɺ ුಈখܕɹΛදݱ͢Δ ...................................................................... 77 αΠζܕɺ ࣌ؒܕɹ୯Ґ͖ࢦఆ͕ՄೳͳΛදݱ͢Δ .................................................... 77 ਅِܕɹUSVF͔GBMTFͷͲͪΒ͔Λදݱ͢Δ ..................................................................... 78 จࣈྻܕɹจࣈͷू߹Λදݱ͢Δ .................................................................................... 79 ྻڍܕɹطఆͷͷͲΕ͔Λදݱ͢Δ ............................................................................... 79 ྻܕɹෳͷΛදݱ͢Δ ........................................................................................... 79 ϋογϡܕɹෳͷ໊લͱͷϖΞΛදݱ͢Δ .................................................................... 80 ਖ਼نදݱܕɹจࣈྻͷύλʔϯΛදݱ͢Δ ......................................................................... 80 ϨίʔυͷΩʔΛද͢ύϥϝʔλ .................................................................................. 81 ύϥϝʔλͷσϑΥϧτ .................................................................................................... 83 4.5 σΟ ϨΫςΟϒɹߏΛܾఆ͢Δཁૉ 83 σΟ ϨΫςΟ ϒͷߏɹύϥϝʔλͷू߹ΛλάͰғΉ ............................................................. 83 λάɹσΟ ϨΫςΟ ϒͷछྨΛఆٛ͢Δ ................................................................................ 83 ҾɹσΟ ϨΫςΟ ϒʹใΛՃ͢Δ ............................................................................... 84 ύϥϝʔλɹσΟ ϨΫςΟ ϒ୯ҐͰ༗ޮͳઃఆΛࢦఆ͢Δ ....................................................... 84 ηΫγϣϯɹઃఆΛ༩͑ΒΕͨσΟ ϨΫςΟ ϒΛද͢ ........................................................... 85 طఆͷσΟ ϨΫςΟ ϒɹ'MVFOUEຊମʹඞਢͷػೳΛ࣮ݱ͢Δ ................................................... 85 TZTUFNσΟ ϨΫςΟϒɹ'MVFOUEશମΛઃఆ͢Δ .......................................................... 86 XPSLFSσΟ ϨΫςΟϒɹݸผͷϫʔΧʔΛઃఆ͢Δ ....................................................... 86 TPVSDFσΟ ϨΫςΟϒɹ*OQVUϓϥάΠϯΛઃఆ͢Δ ....................................................... 87 NBUDIσΟ ϨΫςΟϒɹ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯΛઃఆ͢Δ ..................................................... 88 pMUFSσΟ ϨΫςΟϒɹ'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯΛઃఆ͢Δ .......................................................... 89 MBCFMσΟ ϨΫςΟϒɹϥϕϧͷ͍ͨΠϕϯτΛϧʔςΟ ϯά͢Δ ..................................... 90 ͦͷ΄͔ͷσΟ ϨΫςΟϒɹϓϥάΠϯʹػೳΛఏڙ͢Δ ..................................................... 92 4.6 TPVSDFɺ NBUDIɺ pMUFSσΟ ϨΫςΟϒͷ༧ޠύϥϝʔλ 93 !UZQFύϥϝʔλɹ༻͢ΔϓϥάΠϯ໊Λࢦఆ͢Δ ................................................................ 93 !JEύϥϝʔλɹϓϥάΠϯઃఆʹ*%Λ͚ͯผՄೳʹ͢Δ .................................................... 93 !MPH@MFWFMύϥϝʔλɹϓϥάΠϯ୯ҐͰϩάϨϕϧΛࢦఆ͢Δ .............................................. 94 xi ࣍ !MBCFMύϥϝʔλɹΠϕϯτͷϧʔςΟ ϯά੍ޚ༻ϥϕϧΛࢦఆ͢Δ .......................................... 95 4.7 !JODMVEFɹઃఆϑΝΠϧʹ΄͔ͷϑΝΠϧͷهड़ΛऔΓࠐΉ 95 ֤αʔόͷڞ௨ઃఆͷऔΓࠐΈ...................................................................................... 96 ֤ϓϥάΠϯͷڞ௨ύϥϝʔλͷऔΓࠐΈ ...................................................................... 97 63-Λ༻͍ͨ)551ܦ༝ͰͷऔΓࠐΈ .............................................................................. 97 4.8 ઃఆϑΝΠϧͷશମ૾ 98 4.9 ·ͱΊ 99 ίϥϜ:".-ʹΑΔઃఆϑΝΠϧهड़ ............................................................................... 100 ୈ 5 ষ ϓϥάΠϯͷجຊ .......................................................................................... 103 5.1 'MVFOUEʹ͓͚ΔϓϥάΠϯɹ'MVFOUEͷओཁͳػೳΛ࣮ݱ͢Δ 104 5.2 ϓϥάΠϯͷϥΠϑαΠΫϧɹॳظԽ͔Βىಈɺ ఀࢭɺ ഁغ·Ͱ 104 5.3 ϓϥάΠϯͷछྨ 105 ϓϥάΠϯ໊ͷϧʔϧɹछྨͱ໊લͷΈ߹Θ͔ͤΒͳΔ ..................................................... 107 ϓϥάΠϯͷػೳʹΑΔྨ ............................................................................................. 108 ΦʔφʔϓϥάΠϯɹΠϕϯτॲཧͷத৺ͱͳΔ*OQVUɺ 'JMUFSɺ 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯ .......................108 ΦϯυϓϥάΠϯɹϓϥάΠϯ͔ΒΘΕΔͦͷ΄͔ͷϓϥάΠϯ .......................................108 ϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹϓϥάΠϯʹڞ௨ͷػೳΛఏڙ͢Δ ....................................................... 109 5.4 ϓϥάΠϯͷΠϯε τʔϧ 111 3VCZ(FNTʹΑΔΠϯετʔϧɹެ։͞Ε͍ͯΔϓϥάΠϯΛΠϯετʔϧ͢Δ ....................... 111 ίϚϯυϥΠϯࢦఆ·ͨσΟ ϨΫ τ ϦஔʹΑΔΠϯετʔϧ ɹϑΝΠϧ͚ͩͷϓϥάΠϯΛಡΈࠐ·ͤΔ ............................................................................. 112 (FNpMFʹΑΔཧɹ༻͢ΔϓϥάΠϯͱͦͷόʔδϣϯΛ·ͱΊͯࢦఆ͢Δ .......................... 113 5.5 ϓϥάΠϯ୳ࡧͷ͘͠Έ 114 ϓϥάΠϯͷϑΝΠϧ໊ͷϧʔϧɹछྨͷͨΊͷ಄ࣙΛ࣋ͭ ............................................. 114 ϓϥάΠϯ୳ࡧͷ༏ઌॱҐ ................................................................................................ 115 5.6 ·ͱΊ 116 ୈ 6 ষ Πϕϯ τσʔλ .................................................................................................. 117 6.1 'MVFOUEʹ͓͚ΔΠϕϯ τɹλάɺ ࣌ͱϨίʔυ͔ΒͳΔ 118 6.2 Πϕϯ τͷߏ 119 xii λάɹσʔλͷൃੜݩछྨΛදݱ͢Δ .................................................................................. 119 λάυοτ۠Γͷจࣈྻ ........................................................................................119 λάͷઃܭํ ..........................................................................................................119 ࣌ɹσʔλ͕͍ͭൃੜ͔ͨ͠Λࣔ͢ ..................................................................................... 120 φϊඵਫ਼ʹΑΔ࣌ .................................................................................................120 λΠ Ϝκʔϯͷྀͷඞཁੑ ....................................................................................121 Ϩίʔυɹୡ͖͢σʔλͷ༰ͦͷͷ ............................................................................ 121 ΩʔͱͷϖΞͷू߹ʹΑΔσʔλදݱ ......................................................................122 Ϩίʔυͷେ͖͞ͷ੍ ..............................................................................................122 6.3 Πϕϯ τͷྲྀΕ 123 ΠϕϯτͷجຊతͳྲྀΕɹ*OQVUϓϥάΠϯʹΑΓೖྗ͞Εɺ 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯʹΑΓग़ྗ͞ΕΔ ... 123 *OQVUϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔΠϕϯτͷੜ .........................................................................124 3PVUFSʹΑΔΠϕϯτͷϧʔςΟ ϯά ...........................................................................124 ϥϕϧΛ༻͍ͨΠϕϯτॲཧ༰ͷఆٛ ......................................................................124 'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔΠϕϯτͷॲཧ .........................................................................126 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔΠϕϯτͷग़ྗ .......................................................................126 ͦͷ΄͔ͷΠϕϯτͷྲྀΕ ................................................................................................. 126 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔྫ֎తͳΠϕϯτੜ ............................................................126 Τϥʔετ ϦʔϜɹਖ਼ৗʹॲཧͰ͖ͳ͍Πϕϯτͷߦ͖ઌ .....................................................127 ϩάετ ϦʔϜɹ'MVFOUEࣗͷϩάΠϕϯτͱ͠ ͯѻ͏ ......................................................128 6.4 ϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔσʔλॲཧ 130 σʔλͷೖྗͱऔΓࠐΈʹؔΘΔϓϥάΠϯ .................................................................... 130 *OQVUϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλΛೖྗ͢Δ ...............................................................................130 1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯɹςΩετσʔλΛղੳ͢Δ ..................................................................131 FYUSBDUϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹλά࣌ΛϨίʔυ͔Βநग़͢Δ ........................................132 σʔλͷॻࣜͱग़ྗʹؔΘΔϓϥάΠϯ ........................................................................... 133 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλΛग़ྗ͢Δ .............................................................................133 'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλͷॻࣜΛมߋ͢Δ ...............................................................134 JOKFDUϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹλά࣌ΛϨίʔυʹೖ͢Δ .............................................135 σʔλͷॲཧΛߦ͏ϓϥάΠϯ .......................................................................................... 136 'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλͷআڈՃɺ มߋΛߦ͏ ............................................................136 6.5 'MVFOUEͷϓϩηεͱΠϕϯ τॲཧ 137 'MVFOUEͷϓϩηεߏɹεʔύʔόΠβʔͱϫʔΧʔ ........................................................ 137 ϓϩηεཧΛߦ͏εʔύʔόΠβʔϓϩηε ............................................................138 σʔλॲཧΛߦ͏ϫʔΧʔϓϩηε .............................................................................138 ࣮ߦϓϩηε໊ͷมߋ ...................................................................................................... 139 ෳϫʔΧʔɹෳϓϩηεͷར༻ʹΑΓॲཧੑೳΛҾ্͖͛Δ .............................................. 140 ෳϫʔΧʔʹΑΔσʔλॲཧ ....................................................................................140 ϓϥάΠϯ͝ͱͷෳϫʔΧʔରԠ..............................................................................141 ෳϫʔΧʔಈ࡞ʹඇରԠͷϓϥάΠϯͷ༻ ...........................................................142 6.6 .FTTBHF1BDLɹ'MVFOUE͕༻͢ΔΠϕϯτσʔλදݱํ๏ 143 xiii ࣍ ޮతͳσʔλදݱͷඞཁੑ ........................................................................................... 143 όοϑΝϦϯάͷͨΊͷߴ͍σʔλಡΈॻ͖ੑೳ .........................................................143 ωοτϫʔΫసૹʹ͏ߴޮͳσʔλม ................................................................143 Ұൠతͳख๏Ͱ͋Δ+40/ͷɹ͍αΠζޮ ....................................................... 144 .FTTBHF1BDLʹΑΔղܾɹόΠφϦʹΑΔޮతͳσʔλදݱ............................................ 145 6.7 ·ͱΊ 146 ୈ 7 ষ ϓϥάΠϯ͝ͱͷׂ .............................................................................. 147 7.1 ͞·͟·ͳछྨͷϓϥάΠϯ 148 7.2 *OQVUϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλͷೖྗΛ୲͢Δ 148 *OQVUϓϥάΠϯ͕࣮ߦ͢Δॲཧ ...................................................................................... 149 *OQVUϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔΠϕϯτੜ .................................................................................. 150 λάͷ༩ .................................................................................................................150 ࣌ͷੜ .................................................................................................................151 Ϩίʔυͷੜ ...........................................................................................................151 !MBCFMύϥϝʔλʹΑΔϧʔςΟ ϯάઌͷܾఆ ............................................................... 151 ΠϕϯτੜΛߦ͏ෳͷFNJUϝιο υͱੑೳಛੑ ......................................................... 152 7.3 'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯɹ*OQVUϓϥάΠϯͱ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷؒͰσʔλΛՃ͢Δ 152 'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯ͕࣮ߦ͢Δॲཧ ...................................................................................... 153 7.4 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλͷग़ྗΛ୲͢Δ 154 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯ͕࣮ߦ͢Δॲཧ ................................................................................... 155 όοϑΝ Ϧϯάͷ༗ແ ......................................................................................................... 155 όοϑΝϦϯάΛߦΘͳ͍ඇόοϑΝ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯ ................................................157 όοϑΝϦϯάΛߦ͏όοϑΝ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯ ...........................................................157 εϨο υɹग़ྗॲཧΛೖྗ͔Β͠ɺ ฒྻԽ͢Δ .................................................................... 158 εϨουઃఆͷߟ͑ํ .................................................................................................159 όοϑΝνϟϯΫɹνϟϯΫΩʔ͝ͱʹσʔλΛ·ͱΊΔ ............................................................ 160 νϟϯΫΩʔͷলུɹશσʔλ͕·ͱΊͯॻ͔ΕΔ.............................................................160 ΩϟϯΫΩʔͷλά࣌ͷࢦఆɹಉ͡λά࣌ؒͰ·ͱΊΔ ........................................161 ෳࡶͳνϟϯΫΩʔͷࢦఆ...........................................................................................162 ϓϨʔεϗϧμల։ɹνϟϯΫΩʔͷใΛग़ྗʹ༻͍Δ ................................................... 164 ࣌ͷͨΊͷϓϨʔεϗϧμ ......................................................................................164 λάϨίʔυதͷͷͨΊͷϓϨʔεϗϧμ ...........................................................165 ͦͷ΄͔ͷಛघͳϓϨʔεϗϧμͱΈ߹Θͤ ..........................................................166 qVTIύϥϝʔλͱνϟϯΫαΠζɹσʔλग़ྗͷཻͱසΛ੍ޚ͢Δ ................................. 166 qVTI@NPEFύϥϝʔλʹΑΔৄࡉͳग़ྗͷ੍ޚ .........................................................167 qVTI@UISFBEύϥϝʔλ܈ɹσʔλग़ྗͷසͱฒྻΛ੍ޚ͢Δ ...................................... 168 qVTI@UISFBE@DPVOUύϥϝʔλɹग़ྗͷฒྻΛࢦఆ͢Δ ..............................................168 xiv qVTI@UISFBE@JOUFSWBMύϥϝʔλɹग़ྗॲཧͷִؒΛࢦఆ͢Δ ........................................168 qVTI@UISFBE@CVSTU@JOUFSWBMύϥϝʔλɹ࿈ଓͨ͠σʔλग़ྗΛࢭ͢Δ .........................169 qVTI@UISFBEύϥϝʔλ܈ͷؔ ...............................................................................169 SFUSZύϥϝʔλɹग़ྗॲཧͷϦ τ ϥΠΛ੍ޚ͢Δ .................................................................... 169 FYQPOFOUJBM@CBDLP⒎ɹඪ४ͷϦ τϥΠํ๏ ....................................................................170 QFSJPEJDɹΑΓΘ͔Γ͍͢Ϧ τ ϥΠํ๏ ...........................................................................171 Ϧ τ ϥΠઃఆʹ͓͚Δҙ ........................................................................................172 Ϧ τ ϥΠ͕͍ͭ·Ͱޭ͠ͳ͍߹ͷॲཧ ................................................................172 4FDPOEBSZ0VUQVUɹճ෮ෆೳͳΤϥʔʹରॲ͢Δ .............................................................. 173 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯ͕ग़ྗʹࣦഊ͠ଓ͚Δ߹ͷͨΊͷػೳ .........................................173 ग़ྗࣦഊ࣌ͷ࠷ޙͷखஈͱ ͠ ͯ༻ ............................................................................174 .VMUJ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯɹෳͷ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯग़ྗ͢Δಛघͳ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯ .......... 174 PVU@DPQZͱPVU@SPVOESPCJOϓϥάΠϯʹݟΔ.VMUJ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷయܕྫ .........174 7.5 #VGGFSϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλͷόοϑΝ ϦϯάػߏΛ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯʹఏڙ͢Δ 176 #V⒎FSϓϥάΠϯ͕࣮ߦ͢Δॲཧ .................................................................................... 176 ͭͷ#V⒎FSϓϥάΠϯɹอଘॴͱ ͠ ͯϝϞϦ͔ϑΝΠϧ͔Λબ͢Δ ................................... 177 NFNPSZɹϝϞϦۭؒʹσʔλΛอଘ͢Δ..........................................................................177 pMFɹࢦఆͨ͠ύεͷϑΝΠϧʹσʔλΛอଘ͢Δ .................................................................177 NFNPSZͱpMFͷબج४ ..........................................................................................178 pMFʹಛ༗ͷҙ ....................................................................................................178 qVTI@BU@TIVUEPXOύϥϝʔλɹ'MVFOUEఀࢭ࣌ʹσʔλΛग़ྗ͢Δ .................................. 179 νϟϯΫαΠζͷ੍ޚ ........................................................................................................ 179 νϟϯΫαΠζͷϨίʔυʹΑΔ੍ޚ ........................................................................180 όοϑΝ૯༰ྔͷ੍ޚ ....................................................................................................... 181 όοϑΝ૯༰ྔΛ͍ͬͨ߹ͷॲཧ ......................................................................181 ѹॖΦϓγϣϯʹΑΔόοϑΝ༻༰ྔͷݮ .............................................................182 7.6 1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλΛղੳ͢Δ 182 1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯ͕࣮ߦ͢Δॲཧ .................................................................................... 183 1BSTFSʹΑΔ࣌ղੳ ...................................................................................................... 184 1BSTFSʹΑΔܕม ......................................................................................................... 185 1BSTFS͕ۭͩͱஅ͢Δͷࢦఆ ................................................................................... 186 7.7 'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯɹΠϕϯτΛςΩετσʔλʹܗ͢Δ 187 'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯ͕࣮ߦ͢Δॲཧ .............................................................................. 189 'PSNBUUFSʹΑΔ࣌ม ............................................................................................... 189 7.8 4UPSBHFϓϥάΠϯɹϓϥάΠϯͷͨΊͷอଘػೳΛఏڙ͢Δ 190 4UPSBHFϓϥάΠϯ͕࣮ߦ͢Δॲཧ.................................................................................. 190 7.9 4FSWJDF%JTDPWFSZϓϥάΠϯɹ࿈ܞઌαʔϏεΛཧ͢Δ 192 4FSWJDF%JTDPWFSZϓϥάΠϯ͕࣮ߦ͢Δॲཧ ............................................................... 193 7.10 ·ͱΊ 194 xv ࣍ ୈ 8 ষ ࠐΈϓϥάΠϯ .......................................................................................... 195 8.1 ͞·͟·ͳࠐΈϓϥάΠϯ 196 8.2 JO@UBJMϓϥάΠϯͱ1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯɹςΩετ ϑΝΠϧ͔ΒσʔλΛಡΈࠐΉ 197 ϩάͷಡΈࠐΈઃఆ .......................................................................................................... 198 ߦ୯ҐͷϩάͷಡΈࠐΈ .........................................................................................198 ෳߦ͔ΒͳΔϩάͷಡΈࠐΈ ..................................................................................199 ͗͢Δߦͷແࢹ .......................................................................................................203 ͞·͟·ͳϑΝΠϧύεࢦఆɹಡΈࠐΈରΛॊೈʹࢦఆ͢Δ ............................................... 203 ϫΠϧυΧʔυʹΑΔෳϑΝΠϧͷฒߦಡΈࠐΈ .......................................................204 ࣌ύλʔϯʹΑΔͳͲΛؚΉϑΝΠϧ໊ϩάͷܧଓతͳಡΈࠐΈ .......................204 ෳϑΝΠϧΛରʹͨ͠ϑΝΠϧͷઌ಄͔ΒͷಡΈࠐΈ ............................................204 ಡΈࠐΈͷఀࢭͱ࠶։ ...................................................................................................... 205 ϩάϩʔςʔγϣϯ࣌ͷJO@UBJMϓϥάΠϯͷڍಈ ............................................................. 206 ϩάϩʔςʔγϣϯޙͷͱͷϑΝΠϧͷࢹ ..............................................................208 ϩάϩʔςʔγϣϯޙͷ৽نϑΝΠϧ࡞ͷݕग़ .........................................................208 ϫΠϧυΧʔυ༻࣌ͷϩάϩʔςʔγϣϯ .................................................................208 ΞΫηεݖݶͷτ ϥϒϧɹϑΝΠϧͷಡΈࠐΈݖݶͱɺ ࠶։Ґஔʹඞཁͳॻ͖ࠐΈݖݶ ............... 209 8.3 PVU@pMFϓϥάΠϯͱ'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλΛςΩετ ϑΝΠϧʹॻ͖ग़͢ 210 ॻ͖ग़͠୯Ґ͓Αͼσʔλܗࣜͷࢦఆ ............................................................................. 210 λά࣌ΛؚΜͩϑΝΠϧ໊Ͱͷॻ͖ग़͠ ................................................................212 ϑΝΠϧ୯ҐͰͷॻ͖ग़͓͠Αͼه ............................................................................... 212 ѹॖϑΝΠϧͰͷॻ͖ग़͠ ................................................................................................. 213 PVU@pMFϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔग़ྗϑΝΠϧͷ֎෦͔Βͷࢹ ............................................... 214 8.4 JO@GPSXBSEPVU@GPSXBSEϓϥάΠϯɹωο τϫʔΫܦ༝ͰσʔλΛૹड৴͢Δ 214 ϗετؒͰͷσʔλͷΓ ͱ Γ ........................................................................................... 215 BUMFBTUPODFʹΑΔ࣮֬ͳૹ৴ ...................................................................................... 216 BUMFBTUPODFͰͷ௨৴ύλʔϯ .................................................................................216 BUMFBTUPODFͰͷσʔλૹ৴ͷσϝϦ οτ ..................................................................218 σʔλૹ৴ઌͷཧํ๏ .................................................................................................. 219 σʔλૹ৴ઌͷઃఆϑΝΠϧͰͷཧ .........................................................................219 σʔλૹ৴ઌͷ4FSWJDF%JTDPWFSZϓϥάΠϯͰͷཧ ...............................................221 TE@pMFϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔ4FSWJDF%JTDPWFSZϓϥάΠϯͷ༻ྫ ..................................221 ௨৴ͷ҉߸Խɹ5-4ʹΑΔ҉߸Խ௨৴ͰσʔλΛૹΔ ............................................................. 223 ҉߸ԽͷͨΊͷαʔόূ໌ॻͷ४උ ..........................................................................224 ࣄલڞ༗ͨ͠ূ໌ॻΛ$"ͱ ͠ ͯͷαʔόূ໌ॻͷੜ ...............................................226 ૹड৴ͷ૬खͷ૬ޓೝূ ................................................................................................. 230 ڞ༗ΩʔʹΑΔૹड৴૬ޓͷೝূ ...............................................................................230 Ϣʔβʔ໊ͱύεϫʔυʹΑΔૹ৴ऀͷೝূ ...............................................................233 xvi ΩʔϓΞϥΠϒͷར༻ɹཱ֬ͨ͠ଓΛ࠶ར༻͠ ͯଓෛՙΛݮ͢Δ ................................... 235 )FBSUCFBUͷ6%1ར༻ɹ௨৴ෛՙΛݮ͢Δ .................................................................... 236 ड৴ͨ͠σʔλͷ੍ޚ ....................................................................................................... 237 ϥϕϧʹΑΔड৴σʔλॲཧํ๏ͷ੍ޚ .....................................................................237 ड৴σʔλͷλάͷมߋ .............................................................................................237 ड৴σʔλͷૹ৴ݩใͷՃ ..............................................................................238 ҆શʹѻ͑ͳ͍ड৴σʔλͷແࢹ ...............................................................................239 8.5 PVU@DPQZϓϥάΠϯɹෳͷϓϥάΠϯͱͷΈ߹ΘͤͰσʔλΛผʑʹॲཧ͢Δ 239 ΄͔ͷ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͱͷΈ߹Θͤྫ .................................................................... 240 PVU@TUEPVUϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλͷதΛ֬ೝ͢Δ .............................................................241 PVU@SFMBCFMϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλΛผͷύΠϓϥΠϯذ͢Δ ............................................242 DPQZ@NPEFύϥϝʔλɹଞϓϥάΠϯͷӨڹΛഉআ͢Δ ....................................................... 243 ୯७ͳίϐʔʹΑΔϨίʔυͷมߋͷճආ ...............................................................244 ਂ͍ίϐʔʹΑΔϨίʔυͷͷมߋͷճආ ............................................................244 ग़ྗΤϥʔͷѻ͍ͷมߋɹϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔॲཧࣦഊΛແࢹ͢Δ ............................................ 245 JHOPSF@FSSPSΦϓγϣϯɹಛఆϓϥάΠϯͰͷࣦഊΛແࢹ͢Δ .............................................245 JHOPSF@JG@QSFW@TVDDFTTΦϓγϣϯɹલϓϥάΠϯ͕ࣦഊͨ͠ͱ͖ʹग़ྗΛ࣮ߦ͢Δ .............246 8.6 pMUFS@HSFQϓϥάΠϯɹਖ਼نදݱΛ༻͍ͯσʔλΛબผ͢Δ 247 ݅ʹ߹͏Πϕϯτͷબผ ................................................................................................. 247 ݅ʹ߹͏Πϕϯτͷআڈ ................................................................................................. 249 બผͱআڈɺ BOEͱPSΛΈ߹Θͤͨෳࡶͳ݅ͷهड़ ................................................ 250 ਂ͍֊ߏΛ࣋ͬͨϨίʔυͷॲཧ .............................................................................. 251 8.7 pMUFS@QBSTFSϓϥάΠϯɹϨίʔυͷσʔλΛ͞ Βʹղੳ͢Δ 251 σʔλͷऔΓग़͠ɹϨίʔυͷʹؚ·ΕΔใΛϨίʔυͱ͢Δ ............................................. 252 Πϕϯτͷߋ৽ɹϨίʔυͷʹؚ·ΕΔใΛϨίʔυʹՃ͑Δ ............................................. 253 pMUFS@SFDPSE@USBOTGPSNFSϓϥάΠϯ ɹಠࣗͷϧʔϧ3VCZίʔυΛ༻͍ͯ͞ΒʹෳࡶͳॲཧΛ࣮ݱ͢Δ ............................................ 255 8.8 JO@FYFDPVU@FYFDϓϥάΠϯɹ֎෦ίϚϯυͷ࣮ߦʹΑΔσʔλͷೖग़ྗ 255 JO@FYFDϓϥάΠϯɹίϚϯυ࣮ߦ݁ՌΛऔΓࠐΉ ................................................................. 256 ىಈޙʹܧଓతʹσʔλΛग़ྗ͢ΔίϚϯυͷར༻ ....................................................256 ఆظతͳίϚϯυ࣮ߦ͔ΒͷσʔλऔΓࠐΈ ...............................................................257 PVU@FYFDϓϥάΠϯɹίϚϯυ࣮ߦʹΑΓσʔλΛग़ྗ͢Δ ................................................... 258 σʔλग़ྗͷ࣮ߦ࣌ؒͷ੍ޚ .....................................................................................258 8.9 JO@IUUQPVU@IUUQϓϥάΠϯɹ)551௨৴ʹΑΔσʔλͷೖग़ྗ 259 )551ϦΫΤετʹΑΔ֎෦͔Βͷσʔλड৴ ................................................................. 260 ϦΫΤετϔομΫΤϦύϥϝʔλͷͷϨίʔυͷՃ .......................................261 ΫϩεΦϦδϯϦΫΤετͷड৴ ..................................................................................262 ҙͷܗࣜΛ༻͍ͨ)551Ͱͷσʔλड৴ .................................................................262 )551ϦΫΤετ ͱ ͠ ͯͷ֎෦ͷσʔλૹ৴ .................................................................. 263 ͭͷ+40/ΦϒδΣΫτͱ ͠ ͯͷϦΫΤετϘσΟ .........................................................264 xvii ࣍ $POUFOU5ZQFҙͷϦΫΤετϔομͷࢦఆ ..........................................................264 )551ϦΫΤετͷࣦഊͷίϯτϩʔϧ ........................................................................265 8.10 ·ͱΊ 266 ୈ 9 ষ ຊ൪ڥʹ͓͚Δߏͱӡ༻ ....................................................... 267 9.1 ຊ൪ڥʹ͓͚Δ͠͞ 268 9.2 σʔλͷऩूͱूʹ͓͚Δઓུ 269 نͷ֦େͱݖݶ͓Αͼೝূใཧͷཱ྆ ................................................................ 269 ΤʔδΣϯτɹσʔλൃੜݩ͔ΒσʔλΛಡΈࠐΉ .................................................................. 270 ूϊʔυɹΤʔδΣϯτ͔ΒσʔλΛूΊͯॻ͖ࠐΉ .............................................................. 271 ूϊʔυʹΑΔੑೳͱӡ༻ੑͷ্ .........................................................................273 ूϊʔυͷԽ ....................................................................................................273 ίϯςφ͔Βͷϩάऩू .................................................................................................... 273 ϑΝΠϧΛܦ༝ͨ͠ϩάऩू ........................................................................................274 %PDLFSͷ-PHHJOH%SJWFSΛܦ༝ͨ͠ϩάऩू ............................................................275 'MVFOUEΛίϯςφͰಈ͔͠ ͯͷϩάऩू....................................................................276 9.3 ΤʔδΣϯ τʹ͓͚Δ'MVFOUEઃఆͷҙ 277 $16ϝϞϦͳͲͷϦιʔεফඅͷ੍.......................................................................... 278 ΤʔδΣϯτͷσΟ εΫεϖʔεͷ্ݶઃఆ.................................................................. 278 ϓϥάΠϯ͝ͱͷόοϑΝͷ࠷େ༻αΠζ .................................................................279 ωο τϫʔΫͷաෛՙͷࢭ ......................................................................................... 279 'MVFOUEͷఀࢭॱং੍ޚɹϩάग़ྗݩΑΓ͋ͱʹ'MVFOUEΛఀࢭ͢Δ .................................. 280 9.4 ूϊʔ υʹ͓͚Δ'MVFOUEઃఆͷҙ 280 αʔόੑೳΛ׆͔ͤΔΑ͏ͳύϥϝʔλઃఆ .................................................................... 280 ूϊʔυͷσΟ εΫεϖʔεͷઃܭͱ੍ޚ ..................................................................... 281 ඞཁͳϩʔΧϧσΟ εΫͷ૯༰ྔΛݟੵΔ ................................................................281 σΟ εΫ༻ྔΛߟ͑ͨύϥϝʔλઃఆ .......................................................................281 ৗʹ༨༟Λ࣋ͨͤͨωο τϫʔΫଳҬ .............................................................................. 282 ߴεϧʔϓοτͳσʔλग़ྗͷͨΊͷઃఆͱઃܭ .........................................................282 ෳͷूϊʔυͷࢄσʔλసૹ ............................................................................. 283 PVU@GPSXBSEϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔࢄσʔλసૹ .............................................................283 ෳͷूϊʔυͷσʔλసૹʹ͓͚Δϩʔυόϥϯαͷར༻ .................................284 ϩʔυόϥϯαʹΑΔ҉߸ԽͷΈ߹Θͤ ..................................................................284 9.5 ίϯςφʹ͓͚Δ'MVFOUEઃఆͷҙ 285 ϑΝΠϧͷॴ༗ݖͱύʔϛ ογϣϯͷ֬ೝ ......................................................................... 286 ίϯςφͷऴྃॱংͷࢦఆ ............................................................................................... 286 ίϯςφ֎Λར༻ͨ͠ϑΝΠϧόοϑΝ .............................................................................. 286 xviii 9.6 όοϑΝཧͷͨΊͷઃఆͱΦϓγϣϯ 287 qVTI@BU@TIVUEPXOύϥϝʔλɹఀࢭ࣌ʹϩʔΧϧετϨʔδʹϑΝΠϧΛ͞ͳ͍ .............. 287 XJUIPVUTPVSDFίϚϯυϥΠϯΦϓγϣϯ ɹͬͨόοϑΝΛग़ྗ͢ΔͨΊʹ'MVFOUEΛىಈ͢Δ ................................................................ 288 αʔόγϟ οτμϯॲཧͱ ͠ ͯͷόοϑΝग़ྗ༻ͷىಈ ..............................................288 9.7 ࣮ӡ༻ͷͨΊͷ'MVFOUEϩάઃఆ 290 ϩάϨϕϧมߋʹΑΔ'MVFOUEϩάͷ੍ޚ ...................................................................... 290 'MVFOUEશମͷϩάϨϕϧͷมߋ ...............................................................................291 ϓϥάΠϯ୯ҐͷϩάϨϕϧͷมߋ .............................................................................291 ಉ༰ͷΤϥʔϩάͷग़ྗྔͷ੍ޚ ................................................................................ 292 ࿈ଓͨ͠ಉ͡ελοΫτϨʔεͷඇදࣔԽ ....................................................................292 Ұఆ࣌ؒͷಉ༰ϩάͷඇදࣔԽ ..........................................................................293 9.8 'MVFOUEͷࢹ 293 JO@NPOJUPS@BHFOUϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔࢹ ........................................................................ 293 ֎෦͔ΒͷࢹϦΫΤετͷԠ .............................................................................294 ֎෦ͷಈ࡞ঢ়گͷใࠂ ...........................................................................................296 9.9 ઃఆϑΝΠϧͱϓϥάΠϯͷཧख๏ 297 !JODMVEFʹΑΔઃఆϑΝΠϧͷ༻్͝ͱͷׂͱڞ༗ ................................................... 297 ઃఆϑΝΠϧͷಡΈࠐΈॱংͷ໌ࣔ ............................................................................298 (FNpMFʹΑΔϓϥάΠϯͷҰׅཧ .............................................................................. 298 %PDLFSʹΑΔ'MVFOUEͱϓϥάΠϯɺ ઃఆͷҰׅཧ ..................................................... 299 9.10 ·ͱΊ 299 ୈ 10 ষ ϓϥάΠϯ։ൃͷجຊ ............................................................................ 301 10.1 ϓϥάΠϯ։ൃͷඞཁੑ 302 10.2 ϓϥάΠϯ։ൃνϡʔ τ ϦΞϧɹ؆୯ͳϓϥάΠϯΛॻ͍ͯΈΔ 303 ࠷খݶͷϓϥάΠϯ࡞ ................................................................................................... 303 ϓϥάΠϯϑΝΠϧͷ࡞ ............................................................................................303 ϓϥάΠϯΛ༻͢ΔઃఆϑΝΠϧͷ࡞ ....................................................................304 ࡞ͨ͠ϓϥάΠϯͷಡΈࠐΈͱىಈ..........................................................................304 ҰఆִؒͰͷϨίʔυੜͷ࣮ .................................................................................... 305 ϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔΛ༻͍ͨҰఆ࣌ؒ͝ͱͷॲཧ࣮ߦ .................................................306 มߋͨ͠ॲཧ༰ͷ֬ೝ ............................................................................................306 ύϥϝʔλʹΑΔઃఆͷར༻ ............................................................................................. 307 จࣈྻͷͨΊͷύϥϝʔλՃ ...................................................................................307 Ճͨ͠ύϥϝʔλͷઃఆϑΝΠϧʹ͓͚Δࢦఆ ..........................................................309 νϡʔτ ϦΞϧͷ;Γ͔͑Γ ................................................................................................ 310 xix ࣍ 10.3 ϓϥάΠϯ։ൃͷྲྀΕ 310 ϓϥάΠϯͷHFNύοέʔδԽͷߟྀ ............................................................................. 310 HFNύοέʔδͷॳظ࡞ .............................................................................................. 311 qVFOUQMVHJOHFOFSBUFίϚϯυʹΑΔϑΝΠϧੜ ...................................................311 CVOEMFHFNίϚϯυʹΑΔϑΝΠϧੜ .....................................................................312 HFNTQFDͷHFNใͷهड़ ....................................................................................... 314 ϓϥάΠϯใͷฤू .................................................................................................314 ґଘϥΠϒϥϦͷࢦఆ .................................................................................................315 ϓϥάΠϯίʔυͷهड़ ..................................................................................................... 317 ςετͷهड़ ...................................................................................................................... 317 ςετʹΑΔϓϥάΠϯʹظ͢Δಈ࡞ͷ໌ࣔ .............................................................317 ςετͷܧଓతͳ࣮ߦʹΑΔڍಈͷ֬ೝ .....................................................................318 ڭࡐͱ ͠ ͯͷଞϓϥάΠϯͷςετίʔυ......................................................................318 όʔδϣϯཧɹόʔδϣϯ൪߸Λ͚ͯߋ৽͢Δ ................................................................. 318 ϓϥάΠϯϦϦʔε࣌ͷॳظόʔδϣϯ ........................................................................319 ϓϥάΠϯΛόʔδϣϯʹ͢Δ࣌ظ .........................................................................320 Ϧ ϦʔεɹϓϥάΠϯΛඞཁͳॴͰಈ͔ͤΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ ........................................................... 320 ඇެ։HFNͱ͢Δ߹ͷϦϦʔε ................................................................................320 3VCZ(FNTΛ௨͠ ͯެ։͢Δ߹ͷϦϦʔε ...............................................................320 ϦϦʔεϢʔβʔʹର͢Δίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ............................................................321 10.4 ϓϥάΠϯڞ௨ͷॲཧ 321 ϓϥάΠϯͷઃఆύϥϝʔλ .............................................................................................. 321 ϓϥάΠϯϥΠϑαΠΫϧɹϓϥάΠϯىಈ࣌ఀࢭ࣌ʹॲཧΛ࣮ߦ͢Δ ................................. 322 ඞཁͳϥΠϑαΠΫϧͷબͱ࣮..............................................................................322 ϥΠϑαΠΫϧϝιουʹ͓͚ΔTVQFSݺͼग़͠ ............................................................323 ϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹ'MVFOUE͕༻ҙ͢Δڞ௨ͷػೳΛݺͼग़͢ ............................................ 324 ϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔͷ༻એݴ ...................................................................................324 ϥΠϑαΠΫϧϝιουʹ͓͚ΔTVQFSݺͼग़͠ ............................................................325 ϓϥάΠϯ*%ͷ֬ೝͱར༻ɹಈ࡞தͷϓϥάΠϯݻ༗ͷใΛ͏ ........................................ 326 ϓϥάΠϯϧʔτσΟ ϨΫ τ ϦɹϓϥάΠϯͷͨΊͷϑΝΠϧஔ͖Λ͏ .................................. 327 ϓϥάΠϯϧʔτσΟ ϨΫτ Ϧ༻࣌ͷҙ ...............................................................327 4UPSBHFϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔϓϥάΠϯσʔλอଘͷݕ౼.................................................327 ෳϫʔΧʔରԠɹෳͷ'MVFOUEϓϩηεͰϓϥάΠϯΛಈ࡞ͤ͞Δ ..................................... 328 ෳϫʔΧʔʹରԠͨ͠ϓϥάΠϯͷ࡞ ...................................................................328 ઃఆʹΑΔෳϫʔΧʔରԠͷՄ൱ ............................................................................329 ϓϥάΠϯϩΨʔɹϓϥάΠϯͷಈ࡞ঢ়گΛه͢Δ .............................................................. 330 ϓϥάΠϯϩΨʔͷ༻ํ๏ .......................................................................................330 ΩʔϫʔυҾΛ༻͍ͨՃใͷ༩ .....................................................................331 ϒϩοΫΛ༻͍ͨՃใͷ༩ ...............................................................................331 FSSPSΩʔϫʔυʹΑΔྫ֎ͷϩΪϯά.........................................................................332 ϩάग़ྗͷॏཁੑ ......................................................................................................332 10.5 ·ͱΊ 333 xx ୈ 11 ষ ϓϥάΠϯͷઃఆ .......................................................................................... 335 11.1 ϓϥάΠϯͷઃఆํ๏ɹύϥϝʔλͱηΫγϣϯΛ༻͢Δ 336 11.2 ύϥϝʔλͷఆٛͱར༻ 337 ύϥϝʔλɹઃఆΛΦϒδΣΫτԽ͢Δ ................................................................................... 337 DPOpH@QBSBNϝιο υɹύϥϝʔλΛఆٛ͢Δ .................................................................... 338 ύϥϝʔλͷ໊લͱܕͷࢦఆ .......................................................................................339 ύϥϝʔλͷΦϓγϣϯͷࢦఆ ....................................................................................339 ύϥϝʔλͷͷར༻ .................................................................................................339 ύϥϝʔλͷܕ ................................................................................................................... 340 JOUFHFSɺ qPBUɹͱුಈখ ...............................................................................340 TJ[Fɺ UJNFɹ୯ҐΛࢦఆͰ͖Δ ..................................................................................341 CPPMɹਅِ͔ͷ .........................................................................................................341 TUSJOHɹҙͷจࣈྻ ...................................................................................................342 FOVNɹγϯϘϧͷબࢶ ..............................................................................................342 BSSBZɹͷྻ ..........................................................................................................342 IBTIɹΩʔͱͷϖΞ ...................................................................................................342 SFHFYQɹจࣈྻͷύλʔϯ ............................................................................................343 ܕഁΓͳύϥϝʔλɹܕͷΈͰఆٛͰ͖ͳ͍ઃఆΛ͏.................................................... 344 ܕΛ໌ࣔ͠ͳ͍ύϥϝʔλͷఆٛͱ༻ ......................................................................344 ࠔͬͨͱ͖ͷจࣈྻύϥϝʔλ ....................................................................................345 ύϥϝʔλͷΦϓγϣϯ ..................................................................................................... 345 EFGBVMUΦϓγϣϯɹແࢦఆͷ߹ͷσϑΥϧτΛࢦఆ͢Δ ...............................................346 TFDSFUΦϓγϣϯɹઃఆΛϩάʹදࣔ͠ͳ͍Α͏ൿີʹ͢Δ ..............................................346 QBSBN@OBNFΦϓγϣϯɹϓϥάΠϯίʔυͰઃఆ໊ͱҟͳΔ໊લΛ͏ ........................346 BMJBTΦϓγϣϯɹઃఆϑΝΠϧͰͷύϥϝʔλͷผ໊Λ͑ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ ..............................347 EFQSFDBUFEΦϓγϣϯɹ͏༻͠ͳ͍Ͱ΄͍͠ύϥϝʔλΛࣔ͢ .......................................347 PCTPMFUFEΦϓγϣϯɹύϥϝʔλΛ༻ېࢭͩͱએݴ͢Δ .................................................348 EFTDΦϓγϣϯɹύϥϝʔλͷઆ໌Λهड़͢Δ ..................................................................349 DPOpH@TFU@EFGBVMUϝιο υɹσϑΥϧτΛ্ॻ͖͢Δ ..................................................... 350 σϑΥϧτͷ্ॻ͖ͷར༻έʔε .............................................................................350 11.3 ηΫγϣϯͷఆٛͱར༻ 351 ηΫγϣϯɹσΟ ϨΫςΟϒΛΦϒδΣΫτԽ͢Δ ....................................................................... 352 DPOpH@TFDUJPOϝιο υɹηΫγϣϯΛఆٛ͢Δ .................................................................. 352 ηΫγϣϯͷ໊લͱύϥϝʔλͷࢦఆ ...........................................................................353 ηΫγϣϯͷҾͷࢦఆ..............................................................................................354 ηΫγϣϯΦϒδΣΫτͷར༻ ......................................................................................354 ηΫγϣϯͷΦϓγϣϯ ...................................................................................................... 355 SFRVJSFEΦϓγϣϯɹࢦఆඞਢͷηΫγϣϯΛ࡞Δ ............................................................355 NVMUJΦϓγϣϯɹಉ໊ηΫγϣϯΛෳࢦఆՄೳʹ͢Δ .....................................................355 xxi ࣍ JOJUΦϓγϣϯɹઃఆϑΝΠϧͰࢦఆ͞Εͳ͘ ͯηΫγϣϯΦϒδΣΫτΛ࡞Δ ..........................356 pOBMΦϓγϣϯɹηΫγϣϯఆٛΛ্ॻ͖ෆՄೳʹ͢Δ .......................................................356 QBSBN@OBNFΦϓγϣϯɹϓϥάΠϯίʔυͰઃఆ໊ͱҟͳΔ໊લΛ͏ ........................357 BMJBTΦϓγϣϯɹઃఆϑΝΠϧͰͷσΟ ϨΫςΟ ϒͷผ໊Λ͑ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ .........................358 11.4 ϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔઃఆͷղੳͱར༻ 358 DPOpHVSFϝιο υɹϓϥάΠϯΛઃఆ͢Δ ........................................................................... 358 ϓϥάΠϯઃఆղੳͷৄࡉ ..........................................................................................358 ઃఆͷՃνΣ οΫͷ࣮ .......................................................................................360 ઃఆΛ༻͍ͨϓϥάΠϯىಈͷ४උ ............................................................................. 360 11.5 ·ͱΊ 362 ୈ 12 ষ ϓϥάΠϯ͝ͱͷ։ൃखॱ ................................................................ 363 12.1 *OQVUϓϥάΠϯͷ։ൃ 364 *OQVUϓϥάΠϯͷܗࣜ ..................................................................................................... 364 σʔλͷऔΓࠐΈ ............................................................................................................... 365 3PVUFSΛܦ༝͢ΔσʔλऔΓࠐΈ ...............................................................................365 SPVUFSFNJUϝιουʹ͢λάͱ࣌ɺ Ϩίʔυ...........................................................366 ಡΈऔͬͨσʔλͷ࣌छผͷѻ͍ ........................................................................366 ෳΠϕϯτͷޮతͳFNJU ............................................................................................ 368 ಉҰλάͷΠϕϯτʹର͢ΔFNJU@BSSBZϝιουͷ༻ ...............................................368 *OQVUϓϥάΠϯʹ͓͚Δύλʔϯ .................................................................................... 369 ఆظతͳॲཧ࣮ߦ ......................................................................................................369 ωοτϫʔΫܦ༝Ͱͷσʔλड৴ .................................................................................370 12.2 'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯͷ։ൃ 372 'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯͷܗࣜ ..................................................................................................... 372 ࣌ૢ࡞ͷ༗ແʹΑΔ࣮ͷҧ͍...............................................................................373 Πϕϯτ༰ͷมߋɹϨίʔυ࣌Λߋ৽͢Δ.................................................................... 374 Ϩίʔυͷมߋ ...........................................................................................................374 ࣌ͷมߋ .................................................................................................................374 Πϕϯτͷഁغɹಛఆͷ݅ʹ߹ΘͤͯΠϕϯτΛഁغ͢Δ ..................................................... 375 ഁغ͞ΕͨΠϕϯτͷΤϥʔετ ϦʔϜͷग़ྗ ...........................................................376 'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯʹظ͠ͳ͍ॲཧ ................................................................................... 376 12.3 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷ։ൃ 377 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷܗࣜ .................................................................................................. 377 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷಈ࡞Ϟʔυ ....................................................................................... 378 όοϑΝ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯɹόοϑΝʹͨΊͨσʔλΛ·ͱΊͯ֎෦ʹॻ͖ग़͢ ......................378 ඇಉظόοϑΝ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯɹ·ͱΊͨσʔλॻ͖ग़͠ͷ݁ՌΛผ్֬ೝ͢Δ ................380 ඇόοϑΝ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλ͕དྷͨΒଈ࠲ʹॻ͖ग़͢ ...........................................381 xxii όοϑΝ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷ࣮ ..................................................................................... 382 όοϑΝϦϯάͷ୯ҐͱͳΔόοϑΝνϟϯΫ ................................................................383 όοϑΝνϟϯΫͷσʔλ .........................................................................................383 όοϑΝνϟϯΫʹର͠ ͯՄೳͳૢ࡞ ............................................................................384 όοϑΝνϟϯΫͷϝλσʔλͷར༻ ............................................................................384 όοϑΝνϟϯΫͷϢχʔΫ*%Λ༻͍ͨσʔλॲཧͷ ............................................385 όοϑΝνϟϯΫ୯ҐͰͷग़ྗઌͷมߋ.......................................................................386 όοϑΝνϟϯΫͷσʔλܗࣜมߋ ..............................................................................387 ඇಉظόοϑΝ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷ࣮ ......................................................................... 389 ඇಉظόοϑΝͷόοϑΝνϟϯΫͷѻ͍ಉظόοϑΝͱڞ௨ ....................................391 ग़ྗ࣌ͷॻ͖ग़͠͝ͱͷ*%༩ ..................................................................................391 ॻ͖ग़݁͠Ռ֬ೝޙͷίϛ οτ .....................................................................................392 ඇಉظόοϑΝʹΑΔڧݻͳσʔλอޢͷ࣮ݱ ............................................................392 ඇόοϑΝ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷ࣮ ................................................................................. 393 ࣗྗͰͷྫ֎ॲཧͷ࣮ࢪ............................................................................................393 ࣦഊΛڐ༰͢ΔέʔεͰͷར༻ ..................................................................................394 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷಈ࡞Ϟʔυܾఆϧʔϧ..................................................................... 395 ਖ਼ৗʹग़ྗͰ͖ͳ͍ΠϕϯτͷΤϥʔετ ϦʔϜͷग़ྗ ................................................ 398 12.4 1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯͷ։ൃ 399 1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯͷܗࣜ .................................................................................................. 399 1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔσʔλ͔ΒͷෳͷΠϕϯτऔΓग़͠ ......................................... 400 1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯ͕ڞ௨Ͱఏڙ͢Δػೳ ......................................................................... 401 12.5 'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯͷ։ൃ 401 'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯͷܗࣜ ............................................................................................ 402 'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯ͕ڞ௨Ͱఏڙ͢Δػೳ .................................................................. 402 12.6 ·ͱΊ 403 ୈ 13 ষ ϓϥάΠϯͷςε τ...................................................................................... 405 13.1 ςε τهड़ͷํ๏ 406 ςετͷྲྀΕ ...................................................................................................................... 406 ࠷খݶͷςετίʔυهड़ ..........................................................................................407 ςετͷ४උͱ࣮ߦ ....................................................................................................407 ࣮ߦͱमਖ਼ͷ܁Γฦ͠ .................................................................................................408 ςετ ίʔυͷॻ͖ํ ......................................................................................................... 408 ެ։ϓϥάΠϯͷςετͷࢀর ....................................................................................409 13.2 *OQVUϓϥάΠϯͷςε τ 410 Πϕϯτੜͷਖ਼͍͠ݕূ ................................................................................................. 411 ಈ࡞ݕূલͷಛఆͷॲཧͷ࣮ߦ .................................................................................412 xxiii ࣍ ϓϥάΠϯͷىಈఀࢭॲཧͷলུ ............................................................................412 ೖྗΠϕϯτͷݕࠪʹ༻Ͱ͖Δϝιο υ ......................................................................... 413 FWFOUTϝιουɹΠϕϯτΛฦ͢.....................................................................................413 SFDPSE@DPVOUϝιουɹΠϕϯτͷΛฦ͢ ....................................................................414 FWFOU@TUSFBNTϝιουɹΠϕϯτετ ϦʔϜΛฦ͢ ..........................................................414 FNJU@DPVOUϝιουɹFNJUͨ͠ճΛฦ͢ .....................................................................415 13.3 'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯͷςε τ 415 Πϕϯτʹର͢Δϑ Οϧλ݁Ռͷݕূ ................................................................................ 416 'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯͷςετʹ͓͚Δλάͷѻ͍ͷলུ ...................................................... 417 13.4 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷςε τ 417 ϞοΫΛͬͨग़ྗͷݕূ ................................................................................................ 418 ग़ྗͷݕূํ๏ΛܾΊ͔ͯΒͷςετهड़ ...................................................................... 420 13.5 1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯͷςε τ 421 ճͷݺͼग़͠ ͰෳϨίʔυ͕ฦΔ߹ͷఆ ............................................................. 422 13.6 'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯͷςε τ 422 13.7 ςε τهड़ͷͨΊͷϔϧύʔϝιο υ 423 FWFOU@UJNFϝιο υɹΈͷ࣌ΦϒδΣΫτΛ؆୯ʹੜ͢Δ ............................................ 424 XJUI@UJNF[POFϝιο υɹλΠ ϜκʔϯΛมߋ͢Δ................................................................ 424 XJUI@XPSLFS@DPOpHϝιο υɹෳϫʔΧʔͰͷಈ࡞ΛγϛϡϨʔτ͢Δ .............................. 425 DBQUVSF@MPHϝιο υɹϓϥάΠϯ͔Βͷϩάग़ྗΛऔಘ͢Δ ................................................. 425 13.8 ·ͱΊ 426 ୈ 14 ষ ϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔ ................................................................................... 427 14.1 ͞·͟·ͳϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔ 428 14.2 ϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔͷ༻ํ๏ 429 ϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔͷ༗ޮԽɹϓϥάΠϯͰ༻͢ΔػೳΛએݴ͢Δ ..................................... 429 ϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔͷϝιο υݺͼग़͠ ............................................................................ 430 ϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔϝιο υͷઆ໌ྫ ............................................................................... 430 14.3 UJNFSϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹҰఆ࣌ؒ͝ͱʹॲཧΛ࣮ߦ͢Δ 431 UJNFS@FYFDVUFϝιο υɹϒϩοΫҾͷॲཧΛҰఆ࣌ؒ͝ͱʹ࣮ߦ͢Δ ................................ 431 14.4 DIJME@QSPDFTTϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹ֎෦ίϚϯυΛࢠϓϩηεͱ ͠ ࣮ͯߦ͢Δ 432 DIJME@QSPDFTT@FYJTU ϝιο υɹࢠϓϩηε͕࣮ߦத͔Ͳ͏͔Λฦ͢ .................................. 433 DIJME@QSPDFTT@FYFDVUFϝιο υɹࢦఆίϚϯυΛࢠϓϩηεͱ ͠ ࣮ͯߦ͢Δ ........................ 433 ୯७ͳ֎෦ίϚϯυͷىಈ .........................................................................................435 xxiv ىಈͨ͠֎෦ίϚϯυͱͷؒͰͷೖग़ྗ ......................................................................436 ֎෦ίϚϯυͱͷೖग़ྗʹ͓͚ΔΤϯίʔσΟ ϯάม ................................................436 ϒϩοΫ͖ݺͼग़͠ͱϓϩηεͷऴྃ .......................................................................437 14.5 TFSWFSϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹωο τϫʔΫαʔόΛ࡞͢Δ 437 TFSWFS@DSFBUFϝιο υɹωοτϫʔΫαʔόΛ࡞͠ ͯىಈ͢Δ ............................................ 439 Ϣʔβʔ͕ઃఆͨ͠ϓϩτίϧͷ༻ .........................................................................440 ίωΫγϣϯΛ༻ͨ͠ϝ οηʔδฦ৴ ........................................................................440 ෳϫʔΧʔಈ࡞ͷରԠ .........................................................................................441 6%1σʔλૹ৴ʹର͢Δฦ৴ͷड৴ ..........................................................................441 γεςϜʹґଘ͢ΔϨϕϧΦϓγϣϯ .......................................................................441 TFSWFS@DSFBUF@DPOOFDUJPOϝιο υɹίωΫγϣϯཱ֬Λݕग़͢ΔαʔόΛ࡞͢Δ ........... 442 ཱ֬ͨ͠ଓʹର͢Δૢ࡞ .........................................................................................443 14.6 IUUQ@TFSWFSϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹ)551αʔόΛ࡞͢Δ 444 IUUQ@TFSWFS@DSFBUF@IUUQ@TFSWFSϝιο υɹ)551αʔόΛ࡞͠ ͯىಈ͢Δ .................... 444 ϦΫΤετύε͝ͱͷॲཧͷهड़ .................................................................................445 σϑΥϧτͷॲཧ ........................................................................................................446 IUUQ@TFSWFS@DSFBUF@IUUQT@TFSWFSϝιο υɹ)5514αʔόΛ࡞͠ ͯىಈ͢Δ ................ 447 14.7 UISFBEϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹεϨο υΛ࡞͢Δ 447 UISFBE@DSFBUFϝιο υɹεϨουΛ࡞͠ ͯ։࢝͢Δ ........................................................... 448 UISFBE@DVSSFOU@SVOOJOH ϝιο υɹݱࡏͷεϨου͕࣮ߦதঢ়ଶ͔Ͳ͏͔Λฦ͢ ............... 448 UISFBE@XBJU@VOUJM@TUBSUϝιο υɹͯ͢ͷεϨου͕࣮ߦதʹͳΔ·Ͱͭ ...................... 449 UISFBE@XBJU@VOUJM@TUPQϝιο υɹͯ͢ͷεϨου͕ఀࢭ͢Δ·Ͱͭ ............................. 450 14.8 TPDLFUϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹιέο τΛ࡞͢Δ 451 TPDLFU@DSFBUF@UDQϝιο υɹ5$1ιέοτΛ࡞͠ ͯଓ͢Δ ............................................ 451 TPDLFU@DSFBUF@VEQϝιο υɹ6%1ιέοτΛ࡞͢Δ ...................................................... 452 TPDLFU@DSFBUF@UMTϝιο υɹ5-4ιέοτΛ࡞͠ ͯଓ͢Δ .............................................. 453 TPDLFU@DSFBUFϝιο υɹࢦఆϓϩτίϧͰιέοτΛ࡞͢Δ .............................................. 455 14.9 JOKFDUϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹλά࣌ͳͲΛೖ͢Δ 456 JOKFDU@WBMVFT@UP@SFDPSEϝιο υɹλά࣌ͳͲΛϨίʔυʹೖ͢Δ ........................... 456 JOKFDU@WBMVFT@UP@FWFOU@TUSFBNϝιο υɹλά࣌ͳͲΛΠϕϯτετ ϦʔϜʹೖ͢Δ ... 456 14.10 FYUSBDUϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹϨίʔυ͔Βλά࣌ΛऔΓग़͢ 457 FYUSBDU@UBH@GSPN@SFDPSEϝιο υɹϨίʔυ͔ΒλάΛऔΓग़͢ ....................................... 457 FYUSBDU@UJNF@GSPN@SFDPSEϝιο υɹϨίʔυ͔Β࣌ΛऔΓग़͢ .................................... 458 14.11 GPSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹσʔλจࣈྻͷͨΊ'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯΛ࡞͢Δ 459 GPSNBUUFS@DSFBUFϝιο υɹ'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯΛ࡞͢Δ ............................................... 459 ϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔ'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯͷσϑΥϧτࢦఆ ..............................................459 ༻్͝ͱʹҟͳΔෳͷ'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯͷ࡞ ..................................................460 ࡞ͨ͠ϓϥάΠϯͷར༻ ...........................................................................................461 xxv ࣍ 14.12 QBSTFSϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹจࣈྻΛղੳ͠ ͯσʔλΛಘΔͨΊ1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯΛ࡞͢Δ 461 QBSTFS@DSFBUFϝιο υɹ1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯΛ࡞͢Δ ......................................................... 462 ϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔ1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯͷσϑΥϧτࢦఆ ....................................................462 1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯͷϒϩοΫ͖ݺͼग़͠ ...................................................................462 14.13 SFDPSE@BDDFTTPSϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹෳࡶͳߏͷϨίʔυʹΞΫηε͢Δ 463 SFDPSE@BDDFTTPS@DSFBUFϝιο υɹࢦఆཁૉͷΞΫηαΦϒδΣΫτΛ࡞͢Δ ............... 464 14.14 TUPSBHFϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹϓϥάΠϯ͔Β༻ՄೳͳετϨʔδΛఏڙ͢Δ 465 TUPSBHF@DSFBUFϝιο υɹ4UPSBHFϓϥάΠϯΛ࡞͢Δ ..................................................... 465 ετϨʔδʹର͢Δσʔλૢ࡞ ....................................................................................466 14.15 TFSWJDF@EJTDPWFSZϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹαʔϏεͷใΛϓϥάΠϯʹର͠ ͯఏڙ͢Δ 467 TFSWJDF@EJTDPWFSZ@DPOpHVSFϝιο υɹ4FSWJDF%JTDPWFSZϓϥάΠϯͷηοτΞοϓΛߦ͏ ... 468 ઐ༻ͷσΟ ϨΫςΟϒʹઃఆ͞Εͨใͷࢀর ............................................................468 ݻఆϦετͷઐ༻σΟ ϨΫςΟϒʹΑΔࢦఆ ..................................................................470 αʔϏεΦϒδΣΫτͷϓϥάΠϯଆΦϒδΣΫτͷม ...........................................470 αʔϏεͷબํ๏ͷ੍ޚ .........................................................................................471 TFSWJDF@EJTDPWFSZ@TFMFDU@TFSWJDFϝιο υɹར༻ՄೳαʔϏεΛͭબ͢Δ ................ 472 TFSWJDF@EJTDPWFSZ@TFSWJDFTϝιο υɹར༻ՄೳαʔϏεΛͯ͢ฦ͢ ............................. 473 TFSWJDF@EJTDPWFSZ@SFCBMBODFϝιο υɹαʔϏεͷϦόϥϯεΛߦ͏ ............................... 473 14.16 DPVOUFSϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹ෦༻ΧϯλΛఏڙ͢Δ 473 $PVOUFS"1*ɹ'MVFOUEϓϩηεؒͰڞ༗͞ΕͨΧϯλͷૢ࡞ .............................................. 474 ΧϯλʹΑΔͷอଘ ..........................................................................................474 ΫϥΠΞϯτΛܦ༝ͨ͠Χϯλૢ࡞ ............................................................................475 $PVOUFS"1*༗ޮԽʹඞཁͳઃఆ ..............................................................................475 DPVOUFS@DMJFOU@DSFBUFϝιο υɹ$PVOUFS"1*ΫϥΠΞϯτΛ࡞͢Δ ................................ 476 Χϯλૢ࡞ͷಉظ࣮ߦͱඇಉظ࣮ߦ ........................................................................476 ΧϯλͷॳظԽ .......................................................................................................477 Χϯλͷऔಘ ...........................................................................................................478 Χϯλͷ૿Ճ ...........................................................................................................478 ΧϯλͷϦηοτ ......................................................................................................479 Χϯλͷআ ...........................................................................................................479 14.17 FWFOU@FNJUUFSϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹϓϥάΠϯ͔ΒΠϕϯτΛೖྗ͢Δ 480 SPVUFSϝιο υɹ3PVUFSΛฦ͢ ............................................................................................ 480 14.18 ·ͱΊ 481 ୈ 15 ষ 'MVFOUEͷ௨৴ϓϩ τίϧ .............................................................. 483 15.1 ωο τϫʔΫ௨৴ϓϩ τίϧͷॏཁੑ 484 xxvi 15.2 'MVFOUEGPSXBSEQSPUPDPMWͷ֓ཁɹ௨৴࿏ͱσʔλදݱ 485 ϓϩτ ίϧͷόʔδϣϯ ..................................................................................................... 485 5$1·ͨ5-4Λ༻͍ͨ௨৴ .......................................................................................... 486 .FTTBHF1BDLʹΑΔσʔλදݱ ..................................................................................... 486 σʔλసૹͷͨΊͷϞʔυ ................................................................................................ 486 .FTTBHFϞʔυɹҰʹΠϕϯτͷΈΛૹΔ ..................................................................487 'PSXBSEϞʔυɹෳͷΠϕϯτΛ·ͱΊͯૹΔ .................................................................487 1BDLFE'PSXBSEϞʔυɹॲཧޮͷྑ͍σʔλදݱΛ༻͍ͯૹΔ ......................................488 $PNQSFTTFE1BDLFE'PSXBSEϞʔυɹѹॖࡁΈͷσʔλΛૹΔ ......................................489 ࣌ͷදݱ ........................................................................................................................ 490 φϊඵਫ਼ͷΛ༻͍ͨ'MVFOUEͷ࣌ .....................................................................490 ͭͷΛΈ߹Θͤͨ࣌දݱ ...........................................................................490 ௨৴Φϓγϣϯ ................................................................................................................... 491 TJ[FΦϓγϣϯɹσʔλ͕͍͘ ͭΠϕϯτΛอ࣋͢Δ͔ࣔ͢ ...................................................491 DIVOLΦϓγϣϯɹσʔλૹ৴ʹର͠ ͯ"$,Λཁٻ͢Δ.......................................................491 DPNQSFTTFEΦϓγϣϯɹσʔλͷѹॖܗࣜΛࢦఆ͢Δ .....................................................491 15.3 )FBSUCFBUΛ༻͍ͨࢮ׆ࢹɹσʔλૹ৴ઌ͕ਖ਼ৗ͔֬ೝ͢Δ 492 'MVFOUEʹ͓͚Δ)FBSUCFBU ............................................................................................ 492 JO@GPSXBSEPVU@GPSXBSEϓϥάΠϯʹ͓͚Δ࣮ࡍͷࢮ׆ࢹ ..................................... 493 15.4 "$,ɹσʔλΛड৴ͨ͜͠ͱΛૹ৴ݩʹ௨͢Δ 493 "$,Λཁٻ͢Δσʔλసૹ ............................................................................................... 494 "$,ཁٻ͞Εͨ߹ͷϨεϙϯε .................................................................................... 494 15.5 ೝূɹૹ৴ݩ͋Δ͍ૹ৴ઌਖ਼͍͔͠Λ֬ೝ͢Δ 495 σʔλૹ৴લͷೝূ࡞ۀ .................................................................................................. 495 ڞ༗ΩʔʹΑΔαʔόͱΫϥΠΞϯτͷ૬ޓೝূ ..........................................................496 Ϣʔβʔ໊ͱύεϫʔυʹΑΔΫϥΠΞϯτೝূ ...........................................................496 αʔόͷ)&-0ϝ οηʔδɹೝূॲཧʹඞཁͳใΛ͑Δ ................................................. 497 ௨ৗͷ߹ .................................................................................................................497 ΫϥΠΞϯτೝূΛཁٻ͢Δ߹ .................................................................................498 ΫϥΠΞϯτͷ1*/(ϝ οηʔδɹΫϥΠΞϯτ͔ΒೝূใΛૹΔ ......................................... 498 αʔόͷ10/(ϝ οηʔδɹೝূ݁Ռͱαʔό͔ΒͷೝূใΛฦ͢ .................................... 499 15.6 5-4ʹΑΔ҉߸Խ௨৴ɹૹ৴σʔλΛ҉߸ԽʹΑΓकΔ 501 5-4ͷϝϦ ο τ ͱσϝϦ ο τ ................................................................................................. 501 5-4ͷσϝϦ ο τΛ؇͢ΔΩʔϓΞϥΠϒ ..................................................................... 502 15.7 ·ͱΊ 503 ͋ͱ͕͖ .............................................................................................................................. 504 ࡧҾ .................................................................................................................................... 505 ஶऀϓϩϑ Οʔϧ ........................................................................................................517 ా૱ஶ ʰ'MVFOUE࣮ફೖʱ ٕज़ධࣾɺ
8&# %#13&44ͱࠓޙ
8&# %#13&44ऴΘΒͳ͍ ௨ৗʮٳץʯʹʮഇץʯ͚ͩͲɺจࣈͲ͓Γʮִ݄ࢽͱͯ͠ٳץʯ w ాେथ͞Μ͕ޙ w Ҏ্ʹΘ͍ͨͬͯͬ͠ΐʹ࡞͖ͬͯͨύʔτφʔ w ฤूऀͱͯ͠ਓͱͯ͠ɺͱͯ৴པ͍ͯ͠Δ w
૯ूฤͷץߦ w ಛผ߸ͷෆఆظץߦ w 8&# %#13&44QMVTγϦʔζͷץߦ
ࢲͱࠓޙ
Ըฦ͠Λ͍ͨ͠ ࠓͷॴଐઌʮ8&# %#13&44ͷฤूΛܴ͑ೖΕΔ ͔ΒʹɺࣗࣾͷͨΊ͚ͩͰͳ͘ɺͻΖٕ͘ज़ίϛϡχ ςΟʹߩݙͰ͖Δ͜ͱʯͱݴͬͯ͘Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ ࢲࣗɺҎ্ʹΘ͓ͨͬͯੈʹͳΓɺҭ͍ͯͯ ͍ͨͩͨίϛϡχςΟͷΈͳ͞·ʹɺɺΛ͔͚ ͯԸฦ͠Λ͍ͨ͠ͱ͍͏ࢥ͍ڧ͍ͷͰɺԿ͔͍͟͝· ͨ͠Βɺ͓ؾܰʹ͓͕͚͍ͩ͘͞ɻ
͝Ѫಡ͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·ͨ͠ɻ