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3&45ͷྗ
܊ࢁতਔ
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܊ࢁতਔ
http://twitter.com/koriym
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Hypertext
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Hypertext ͱ
ෳͷςΩετΛ૬ޓʹؔ࿈͚ɺ݁ͼ͚ΔΈ
http://www.ltrebing.de/studium/hypertext/hypertext.gif
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88
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Ted Nelson
Hypertext
Hypermedia
1963
http://dc-mrg.english.ucsb.edu/conference/CNCSC/multimedia/documents/wardrip-fruin.pdf
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Douglas Engelbart
oN-Line System (NLS)
1968
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mother_of_All_Demos
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Bill Atkinson
HyperCard 1984
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperCard
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Information Management: A Proposal
Tim Berners-Lee, CERN
March 1989
WorldWideWeb: Proposal for a HyperText Project
T. Berners-Lee/CN, R. Cailliau/ECP
November 1990
https://www.w3.org/History/1989/proposal.html https://www.w3.org/Proposal.html
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Tim Berners-Lee
WWW
1991
https://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/
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WWW = Hypertext + Internet
https://fukuno.jig.jp/826
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• HTML
• URI
• HTTP
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https://groups.google.com/d/msg/comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi/-/M9FkTUVDfcwJ
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WebObjects 1996
WebObjects
1996
http://everystevejobsvideo.com/steve-jobs-presents-webobjects-at-mspdc-1996-2/
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Roy T Fielding
REST
2000
https://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/top.htm
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ΞʔΩςΫνϟελΠϧͱωοτϫʔΫϕʔεͷιϑτΣΞΞʔΩςΫνϟͷઃܭɻ
ത࢜จɺΧϦϑΥϧχΞେֶΞʔόΠϯߍɺ2000
https://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/top.htm
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http://roy.gbiv.com/untangled/2008/rest-apis-must-be-hypertext-driven
3&45"1*ϋΠύʔςΩετۦಈͰͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ
͍ɻ
୯ͳΔ)551"1*͕3&45"1*ͱݺΕͯΔ͜ͱʹϑϥ
ετϨʔγϣϯΛײ͡Δɻ
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•REST APIݻఆͷϦιʔε໊֊Λఆٛͯ͠
ͳΓ·ͤΜɻ… ͦͷΓʹͲͷΑ͏ʹURIΛ
ΈཱͯΔ͔Λࢦࣔ͠·͢ɻ
•ϦιʔεͷදݱΞϓϦέʔγϣϯঢ়ଶͷۦಈ
ʹ༻͞ΕΔϝσΟΞλΠϓͷఆٛɺ·ͨطଘ
ͷඪ४ϝσΟΞλΠϓʹର͢Δ֦ுϦϨʔγϣϯ
໊ϋΠύʔςΩετରԠϚʔΫΞοϓͷఆٛ
ʹɺͦͷهड़తͳྗͷ΄ͱΜͲͯ͢Λඅ
͢ඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢
http://roy.gbiv.com/untangled/2008/rest-apis-must-be-hypertext-driven
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https://www.ca.com/content/dam/ca/jp/files/ebook/a-guide-to-rest-and-api-design.pdf
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https://mooreniemi.github.io/3_models_of_apis/#/fragments
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શͯͷϞσϧؒҧ͍ͬͯΔɺ
͕ͩதʹཱͭͷ͋Δ
— Box, George E. P.
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l3&45GVM63*z
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http://t-code.pl/blog/2016/02/rest-misconceptions-1/
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https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6845772/rest-uri-convention-singular-or-plural-name-of-resource-while-creating-it
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https://youtu.be/pspy1H6A3FM
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http://t-code.pl/blog/2016/02/rest-misconceptions-1/
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"1*7FSTJPOJOH
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https://www.slideshare.net/evolve_conference/201308-fielding-evolve
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https://www.slideshare.net/evolve_conference/201308-fielding-evolve
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https://twitter.com/fielding/status/376835835670167552
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౷ҰΠϯλʔϑΣΠεͱ
)551ϝιουΛ$36%ʹϚοϐϯά͢Δࣄ
lϦιʔεʹର͢Δૢ࡞ɺʜ̐ͭͷϝιου
Λఏڙ͍ͯ͠Δz
2007
https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=-7iMOLUQDqQC&pg=PA200&lpg=PA200&dq=REST+
%22%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%22&source=bl&ots=NIK
Kf8qSOQ&sig=ACfU3U1E-
lkPNbf9mxDDdfmaEPLUqVg61Q&hl=ja&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiuj4Gg7JnhAhUDCqYKHU_4AIgQ6AEwBnoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=REST%20%22%E7%B5%B1%
E4%B8%80%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%22&f=false
3&45"1*$36%PWFS)551XJUIQSFUUZ63*
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REpresentational State Transfer
= Ϧιʔεͷ͜ͱ ͚ͩ͡Όͳ͍ͷ
?
https://qiita.com/NagaokaKenichi/items/0f3a55e422d5cc9f1b9c
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“architectural style for
distributed hypermedia
systems”
https://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/introduction.htm
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3FTPVSDF4UBUF
"QQMJDBUJPO4UBUF
Ϧιʔεঢ়ଶදݱ
࣍ͷΞΫγϣϯ
3FRVFTU
w4BGF
w6OTBGF
Server
ΞΫγϣϯ
B
GPSN
Client
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https://www.programmableweb.com/news/how-guardian-approaching-hypermedia-based-api-infrastructure/2015/04/27
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https://www.slideshare.net/evolve_conference/201308-fielding-evolve
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https://www.slideshare.net/evolve_conference/201308-fielding-evolve
"ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯঢ়ଶΛۦಈ"͢ΔͨΊͷϋΠύʔςΩετ
= HATAOAS
https://www.howtopronounce.com/hateoas/
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https://www.infoq.com/jp/articles/webber-rest-workflow
༗ݶঢ়ଶػց '4.
http://www.comp.tmu.ac.jp/morbier/newcomparch/FSM00.html
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wΫϥΠΞϯτʗαʔό
wεςʔτϨεੑ
wΩϟογϡ
w֊ԽγεςϜ
w ίʔυΦϯσϚϯυ
w౷ҰΠϯλϑΣʔεɹ ͭͷΠϯλʔϑΣΠε੍ʣ
wϦιʔεͷࣝผ 63*
wදݱʹΑΔϦιʔεૢ࡞
wࣗݾهड़తϝοηʔδ
wϋΠύʔϝσΟΞ੍ )"5&0"4
3&45ʢ'JFMEJOHʣ੍
"38
https://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/rest_arch_style.htm
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https://martinfowler.com/articles/richardsonMaturityModel.html
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$BDIF
RFC7243
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7243
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l࠷ߴͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯύϑΥʔϚϯε
ωοτϫʔΫΛΘͳ͍࣌ʹಘΒΕΔz
The best application performance is obtained by not using the network.
https://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/net_app_arch.htm
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No content
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No content
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https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/cdn/glossary/what-is-cache-control/
$BDIFΛίϯτϩʔϧ͢Δͷαʔόʔ
ΩϟογϡΛߦ͏ͷΫϥΠΞτ
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Server
(&5CPPL
"DDFQU-BOHVBHF+"
+
$BDIF$POUSPMFNBYBHF
7BSZ"DDFQU-BOHVBHF
(&5CPPL
"DDFQU-BOHVBHF+"
ඵ༗ޮ
https://www.slideshare.net/InfoQ/caching-hypermedia-apis
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͖݅ϦΫΤετ
RFC7232
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7232
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https://www.slideshare.net/InfoQ/caching-hypermedia-apis/35
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Cache-Controle: public
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$
System
GET /cat
Cache-Controle: public,max-age=3600
GET /cat
200 OK
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Framework
+
Application
Etag
GET /cat
ETag: 3
3
batch
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Cache-Control:
max-age=0,
private,
must-revalidate
ຊʹ ?
https://.com/recipe/1416377
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http://bearsunday.github.io/manuals/1.0/ja/http-cache.html
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guzzle-cache-middleware
https://github.com/Kevinrob/guzzle-cache-middleware
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Ωϟογϡઃܭ
w 55-ʢ༧ଌՄೳʣ&5BHʢෆՄʣ
w QVCMJD QSJWBUF
w OPDBDIFΩϟογϡར༻ʹඞͣ֬ೝ
w OPTUPSFΩϟογϡΛอଘ͠ͳ͍
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https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/performance/optimizing-content-efficiency/http-caching?hl=ja
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$BDIF
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ࣗݾهड़తϝοηʔδ
)551ϝοηʔδड৴ऀ͕ཧղ͢ΔͨΊʹඞཁͳͯ͢ͷใΛؚΉ
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.FEJB5ZQF
RFC 6838
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6838
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• text/html (hypermedia)
• application/json
• application/hal+json (hypermedia)
• application/problem+json
• vnd.amundsen.maze+xml
(OFSJD
%PNBJOTQFDJpD
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https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml
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https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-appsawg-http-problem-03
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application/prs.koriym.travel+json
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6838#section-3.3
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6838#section-3.4
application/x.koriym.travel+json
Personal or Vanity Tree
Unregistered x. Tree
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rel="profile"
RFC 6906
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6906
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$ curl -i http://example.com
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
Link: ; rel="profile"
{
"wtl": "MjAxMy0wNS0wNiAxMjo1Nzo1MyAtMDcwMA==\n",
“grobb34s": […]
} $ curl -i http://example.com/profile
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/plain
The Example.com API
===================
Example.com provides access to our blog through an API.
In the API, you'll see two major things of interest: `wtl` and `grobb34s`
## wtl
The value provided under the `wtl` key is the time the latest blog post
was posted, in "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z" format. This value is then Base64
encoded.
http://www.designinghypermediaapis.com/blog/the-profile-link-relation-and-you.html
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rel="describedby"
https://json-schema.org/latest/json-schema-core.html#rfc.section.10.1
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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
Link: ; rel="describedby"
{
"id": 123,
“title": “Shopping”
}
https://json-schema.org/latest/json-schema-core.html
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UPEPKTPO
{
”$id”: “http://example.com/todo.json",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"title": "Todo",
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"id": {
"type": "type": "string",
"description": "The unique identifier for todo."
},
"title": {
"type": "string",
"description": "The title of the todo",
"minLength": 3,
"maxLength": 255
}
}
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/BNJOH
There are only two hard things in Computer Science: cache invalidation and naming things.
-- Phil Karlton
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pSTUOBNF
pSTU@OBNF
pSTU/BNF
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HJWFO/BNF
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https://schema.org/Person
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ϘΩϟϒϥϦ
IUUQFYBNQMFDPNNZ@QSPpMF
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rel = "item"
https://www.iana.org/assignments/link-relations/link-relations.xhtml
*"/"-JOL3FMBUJPO
rel = "collection"
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.JDSPGPSNBUT-JOL3FMBUJPO
rel="friend"
http://microformats.org/wiki/existing-rel-values
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BQQMJDBUJPOMEKTPO
https://json-ld.org/spec/latest/json-ld-api-best-practices/
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+40/-%)ZESB
https://sookocheff.com/post/api/on-choosing-a-hypermedia-format/
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http://gtramontina.com/h-factors/
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• Φϯτϩδʔ (ҙຯ)
• λΫιϊϛʔ (ྨ)
• ίϨΦάϥϑΟʔ(૬ޓ࡞༻)
*"
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ࣗݾهड़తϝοηʔδ
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•ϦιʔεͷදݱΞϓϦέʔγϣϯঢ়ଶͷۦಈ
ʹ༻͞ΕΔϝσΟΞλΠϓͷఆٛɺ·ͨطଘ
ͷඪ४ϝσΟΞλΠϓʹର͢Δ֦ுϦϨʔγϣϯ
໊ϋΠύʔςΩετରԠϚʔΫΞοϓͷఆٛ
ʹɺͦͷهड़తͳྗͷ΄ͱΜͲͯ͢Λඅ
͢ඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢
http://roy.gbiv.com/untangled/2008/rest-apis-must-be-hypertext-driven
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r3PZ5'JFEMJOH
lཧղڞ༗ʹযΛͯΔz
GPDVTJOHPOBTIBSFEVOEFSTUBOEJOH
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.FEJB5ZQF
1SPpMF
4UBUF -JOL
3FTPVSDF
SFM
SFM
TDIFNBPSH
*"/"
ϚΠϘΩϟϒϥϦ
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l3&45ͱશͯΛ݁Ϳྗz
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https://intertwingled.org/jp/
ࢲ͕ͨͪͳʹ͔ΛͻͱͭͱΓ͋͛Α͏ͱ͢Δͱ
ͦΕ͕·ΘΓͷੈքͷͯ͢ͱҾ͔Ε߹͏Α͏ʹ
ͭͳ͕͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱʹؾͮ͘ɻ
—δϣϯɾϛϡʔΞ
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Credit: From Nelson, Computer Lib/Dream Machines (Courtesy of Theodor Holm Nelson)
͕ͯ͢ਂ͘ࡨ૰͍ͯ͠Δ
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-16925-5_13
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Project Xanadu
1960 - 2014
http://www.xanadu.net/
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http://xanadu.com/XanaduSpace/btf.htm