RESTの力 / The Power of REST

HTTPはRPCではなく、RESTはHTTP上のCRUDシステムではありません。RESTはハイパーメディアアフォーダンスという発見性を持ち、進化可能性(evolvability)、スケーラビリティ、自己記述性、といったアプリケーションをパワフルにする力を持ちます。

PHPカンファレンス大阪(2014)での基調講演「全てを結ぶ力」、翌年福岡での基調講演「全てを結ぶ力」に続く"全てを結ぶ力三部作"の完結編。

Transcript

1. 3&45ͷྗ
   ܊ࢁতਔ
   

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2. ܊ࢁতਔ
   http://twitter.com/koriym
   

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3. 

   Hypertext

   

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4. Hypertext ͱ͸
   

   ෳ਺ͷςΩετΛ૬ޓʹؔ࿈෇͚ɺ݁ͼ෇͚Δ࢓૊Έ

   

   http://www.ltrebing.de/studium/hypertext/hypertext.gif
   https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88
   

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5. Ted Nelson
 Hypertext

   Hypermedia

   

   1963
   http://dc-mrg.english.ucsb.edu/conference/CNCSC/multimedia/documents/wardrip-fruin.pdf
   

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6. Douglas Engelbart

   oN-Line System (NLS)

   1968
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mother_of_All_Demos
   

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7. Bill Atkinson

   

   HyperCard 1984
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperCard
   

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8. Information Management: A Proposal
   Tim Berners-Lee, CERN
   March 1989
   WorldWideWeb: Proposal for a HyperText Project
   T. Berners-Lee/CN, R. Cailliau/ECP
   November 1990
   https://www.w3.org/History/1989/proposal.html https://www.w3.org/Proposal.html
   

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9. Tim Berners-Lee
   WWW 

   1991
   https://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/
   

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10. 
    WWW = Hypertext + Internet
    https://fukuno.jig.jp/826
    

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11. • HTML
    • URI
    • HTTP 

    

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12. https://groups.google.com/d/msg/comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi/-/M9FkTUVDfcwJ
    

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13. WebObjects 1996
    WebObjects
    1996
    http://everystevejobsvideo.com/steve-jobs-presents-webobjects-at-mspdc-1996-2/
    

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14. Roy T Fielding
    REST

    2000
    https://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/top.htm
    

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15. ΞʔΩςΫνϟελΠϧͱωοτϫʔΫϕʔεͷιϑτ΢ΣΞΞʔΩςΫνϟͷઃܭɻ

    ത࢜࿦จɺΧϦϑΥϧχΞେֶΞʔόΠϯߍɺ2000೥
    https://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/top.htm
    

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16. http://roy.gbiv.com/untangled/2008/rest-apis-must-be-hypertext-driven
    3&45"1*͸ϋΠύʔςΩετۦಈͰ͸ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ
    ͍ɻ

    ୯ͳΔ)551"1*͕3&45"1*ͱݺ͹ΕͯΔ͜ͱʹϑϥ
    ετϨʔγϣϯΛײ͡Δɻ
    

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17. •REST API͸ݻఆͷϦιʔε໊΍֊૚Λఆٛͯ͠
    ͸ͳΓ·ͤΜɻ… ͦͷ୅ΓʹͲͷΑ͏ʹURIΛ
    ૊ΈཱͯΔ͔Λࢦࣔ͠·͢ɻ
    •Ϧιʔεͷදݱ΍ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯঢ়ଶͷۦಈ
    ʹ࢖༻͞ΕΔϝσΟΞλΠϓͷఆٛɺ·ͨ͸طଘ
    ͷඪ४ϝσΟΞλΠϓʹର͢Δ֦ுϦϨʔγϣϯ
    ໊΍ϋΠύʔςΩετରԠϚʔΫΞοϓͷఆٛ
    ʹɺͦͷهड़తͳ౒ྗͷ΄ͱΜͲ͢΂ͯΛඅ΍
    ͢ඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢
    http://roy.gbiv.com/untangled/2008/rest-apis-must-be-hypertext-driven
    
    

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18. https://www.ca.com/content/dam/ca/jp/files/ebook/a-guide-to-rest-and-api-design.pdf
    

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19. https://mooreniemi.github.io/3_models_of_apis/#/fragments
    

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20. શͯͷϞσϧ͸ؒҧ͍ͬͯΔɺ

    ͕ͩதʹ͸໾ཱͭ΋ͷ΋͋Δ

    

    — Box, George E. P.
    

    

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21. l3&45GVM63*z
    

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22. http://t-code.pl/blog/2016/02/rest-misconceptions-1/
    

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23. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6845772/rest-uri-convention-singular-or-plural-name-of-resource-while-creating-it
    

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24. https://youtu.be/pspy1H6A3FM
    

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25. http://t-code.pl/blog/2016/02/rest-misconceptions-1/
    

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26. "1*7FSTJPOJOH
    

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27. https://www.slideshare.net/evolve_conference/201308-fielding-evolve
    

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28. https://www.slideshare.net/evolve_conference/201308-fielding-evolve
    

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29. https://twitter.com/fielding/status/376835835670167552
    

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30. ౷ҰΠϯλʔϑΣΠεͱ͸

    )551ϝιουΛ$36%ʹϚοϐϯά͢Δࣄ 

    lϦιʔεʹର͢Δૢ࡞͸ɺʜ̐ͭͷϝιου
    Λఏڙ͍ͯ͠Δz
    2007
    https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=-7iMOLUQDqQC&pg=PA200&lpg=PA200&dq=REST+
    %22%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%22&source=bl&ots=NIK
    Kf8qSOQ&sig=ACfU3U1E-
    lkPNbf9mxDDdfmaEPLUqVg61Q&hl=ja&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiuj4Gg7JnhAhUDCqYKHU_4AIgQ6AEwBnoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=REST%20%22%E7%B5%B1%
    E4%B8%80%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%22&f=false
    3&45"1*$36%PWFS)551XJUIQSFUUZ63*
    

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31. REpresentational State Transfer

    

    = Ϧιʔεͷ͜ͱ ͚ͩ͡Όͳ͍ͷ
    ?
    https://qiita.com/NagaokaKenichi/items/0f3a55e422d5cc9f1b9c
    

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32. “architectural style for 

    distributed hypermedia
    systems”
    https://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/introduction.htm
    

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33. 3FTPVSDF4UBUF
    "QQMJDBUJPO4UBUF
    Ϧιʔεঢ়ଶදݱ

    ࣍ͷΞΫγϣϯ
    3FRVFTU
    w4BGF
    w6OTBGF
    Server
    ΞΫγϣϯ 

    B

    GPSN
    Client
    

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34. https://www.programmableweb.com/news/how-guardian-approaching-hypermedia-based-api-infrastructure/2015/04/27
    

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35. https://www.slideshare.net/evolve_conference/201308-fielding-evolve
    

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36. https://www.slideshare.net/evolve_conference/201308-fielding-evolve
    "ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯঢ়ଶΛۦಈ"͢ΔͨΊͷϋΠύʔςΩετ

    = HATAOAS
    https://www.howtopronounce.com/hateoas/
    

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37. https://www.infoq.com/jp/articles/webber-rest-workflow
    ༗ݶঢ়ଶػց '4.
    
    http://www.comp.tmu.ac.jp/morbier/newcomparch/FSM00.html
    

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38. wΫϥΠΞϯτʗαʔό
    wεςʔτϨεੑ
    wΩϟογϡ
    w֊૚ԽγεςϜ
    w ίʔυΦϯσϚϯυ
    
    w౷ҰΠϯλϑΣʔεɹ ͭͷΠϯλʔϑΣΠε੍໿ʣ
    wϦιʔεͷࣝผ 63*
    
    wදݱʹΑΔϦιʔεૢ࡞
    wࣗݾهड़తϝοηʔδ
    wϋΠύʔϝσΟΞ੍໿ )"5&0"4
    
    3&45ʢ'JFMEJOHʣ੍໿
    "38
    https://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/rest_arch_style.htm
    

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39. https://martinfowler.com/articles/richardsonMaturityModel.html
    

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40. $BDIF
    RFC7243
    https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7243
    

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41. l࠷ߴͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯύϑΥʔϚϯε͸

    ωοτϫʔΫΛ࢖Θͳ͍࣌ʹಘΒΕΔz
    The best application performance is obtained by not using the network.
    https://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/net_app_arch.htm
    

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42. View Slide

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44. https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/cdn/glossary/what-is-cache-control/
    $BDIFΛίϯτϩʔϧ͢Δͷ͸αʔόʔ
    ΩϟογϡΛߦ͏ͷ͸ΫϥΠΞτ
    

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45. Server
    (&5CPPL

    "DDFQU-BOHVBHF+"
    +
    $BDIF$POUSPMFNBYBHF
    7BSZ"DDFQU-BOHVBHF
    (&5CPPL

    "DDFQU-BOHVBHF+"
    ඵ༗ޮ
    https://www.slideshare.net/InfoQ/caching-hypermedia-apis
    

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46. ৚݅෇͖ϦΫΤετ
    RFC7232
    https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7232
    

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47. https://www.slideshare.net/InfoQ/caching-hypermedia-apis/35
    

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48. Cache-Controle: public
    

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49. $
    System
    GET /cat

    Cache-Controle: public,max-age=3600
    GET /cat
    200 OK
    

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50. Framework

    +

    Application
    Etag
    GET /cat
    ETag: 3
    3
    batch
    

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51. Cache-Control: 

    max-age=0,

    private, 

    must-revalidate
    ຊ౰ʹ ?
    https://.com/recipe/1416377
    

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52. http://bearsunday.github.io/manuals/1.0/ja/http-cache.html
    

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53. guzzle-cache-middleware
    https://github.com/Kevinrob/guzzle-cache-middleware
    

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54. Ωϟογϡઃܭ
    w 55-ʢ༧ଌՄೳʣ&5BHʢෆՄ஌ʣ
    w QVCMJD QSJWBUF
    w OPDBDIFΩϟογϡར༻ʹඞͣ֬ೝ
    w OPTUPSFΩϟογϡΛอଘ͠ͳ͍
    

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55. https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/performance/optimizing-content-efficiency/http-caching?hl=ja
    

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56. $BDIF
    

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57. ࣗݾهड़తϝοηʔδ
    )551ϝοηʔδ͸ड৴ऀ͕ཧղ͢ΔͨΊʹඞཁͳ͢΂ͯͷ৘ใΛؚΉ
    

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58. .FEJB5ZQF
    RFC 6838
    https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6838
    

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59. • text/html (hypermedia)
    • application/json
    • application/hal+json (hypermedia)

    

    • application/problem+json
    • vnd.amundsen.maze+xml
    (OFSJD
    %PNBJOTQFDJpD
    

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60. https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml
    

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61. https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-appsawg-http-problem-03
    

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62. application/prs.koriym.travel+json

    https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6838#section-3.3
    https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6838#section-3.4
    application/x.koriym.travel+json
    Personal or Vanity Tree
    Unregistered x. Tree
    

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63. rel="profile"
    RFC 6906
    https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6906
    

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64. $ curl -i http://example.com
    

    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    Content-Type: application/json
    Link: ; rel="profile"
    {
    "wtl": "MjAxMy0wNS0wNiAxMjo1Nzo1MyAtMDcwMA==\n",
    “grobb34s": […]
    } $ curl -i http://example.com/profile

    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    Content-Type: text/plain
    

    The Example.com API
    ===================
    Example.com provides access to our blog through an API.
    In the API, you'll see two major things of interest: `wtl` and `grobb34s`
    ## wtl
    The value provided under the `wtl` key is the time the latest blog post
    was posted, in "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z" format. This value is then Base64
    encoded.
    http://www.designinghypermediaapis.com/blog/the-profile-link-relation-and-you.html
    

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65. rel="describedby"
    https://json-schema.org/latest/json-schema-core.html#rfc.section.10.1
    

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66. HTTP/1.1 200 OK

    Content-Type: application/json

    Link: ; rel="describedby"
    {

    "id": 123,

    “title": “Shopping” 

    }
    https://json-schema.org/latest/json-schema-core.html
    

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67. UPEPKTPO
    {

    ”$id”: “http://example.com/todo.json",

    "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",

    "title": "Todo",

    "type": "object",

    "properties": {

    "id": {

    "type": "type": "string",

    "description": "The unique identifier for todo."

    },

    "title": {

    "type": "string",

    "description": "The title of the todo",

    "minLength": 3,

    "maxLength": 255

    }

    }
    

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68. /BNJOH
    There are only two hard things in Computer Science: cache invalidation and naming things.

    -- Phil Karlton
    

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69. pSTUOBNF
    pSTU@OBNF
    pSTU/BNF
    

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70. HJWFO/BNF
    

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71. https://schema.org/Person
    

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72. ϘΩϟϒϥϦ
    IUUQFYBNQMFDPNNZ@QSPpMF
    

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73. rel = "item"
    https://www.iana.org/assignments/link-relations/link-relations.xhtml
    *"/"-JOL3FMBUJPO
    rel = "collection"
    

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74. .JDSPGPSNBUT-JOL3FMBUJPO
    rel="friend"
    http://microformats.org/wiki/existing-rel-values
    

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75. BQQMJDBUJPOMEKTPO
    https://json-ld.org/spec/latest/json-ld-api-best-practices/
    

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76. +40/-%)ZESB
    https://sookocheff.com/post/api/on-choosing-a-hypermedia-format/
    

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77. http://gtramontina.com/h-factors/
    

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78. • Φϯτϩδʔ (ҙຯ)
    • λΫιϊϛʔ (෼ྨ)
    • ίϨΦάϥϑΟʔ(૬ޓ࡞༻)

    *"
    

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79. ࣗݾهड़తϝοηʔδ
    

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80. •Ϧιʔεͷදݱ΍ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯঢ়ଶͷۦಈ
    ʹ࢖༻͞ΕΔϝσΟΞλΠϓͷఆٛɺ·ͨ͸طଘ
    ͷඪ४ϝσΟΞλΠϓʹର͢Δ֦ுϦϨʔγϣϯ
    ໊΍ϋΠύʔςΩετରԠϚʔΫΞοϓͷఆٛ
    ʹɺͦͷهड़తͳ౒ྗͷ΄ͱΜͲ͢΂ͯΛඅ΍
    ͢ඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢
    http://roy.gbiv.com/untangled/2008/rest-apis-must-be-hypertext-driven
    
    

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81. r3PZ5'JFEMJOH
    lཧղڞ༗ʹয఺Λ౰ͯΔz
    GPDVTJOHPOBTIBSFEVOEFSTUBOEJOH
    

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82. .FEJB5ZQF
    1SPpMF
    4UBUF -JOL
    3FTPVSDF
    SFM
    SFM
    TDIFNBPSH
    *"/"
    ϚΠϘΩϟϒϥϦ
    

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83. l3&45ͱ͸શͯΛ݁Ϳྗz
    

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84. https://intertwingled.org/jp/
    ࢲ͕ͨͪͳʹ͔ΛͻͱͭͱΓ͋͛Α͏ͱ͢Δͱ

    ͦΕ͕·ΘΓͷੈքͷ͢΂ͯͱҾ͔Ε߹͏Α͏ʹ
    ͭͳ͕͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱʹؾͮ͘ɻ
    

    —δϣϯɾϛϡʔΞ
    

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85. Credit: From Nelson, Computer Lib/Dream Machines (Courtesy of Theodor Holm Nelson)
    ͢΂͕ͯਂ͘ࡨ૰͍ͯ͠Δ
    https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-16925-5_13
    

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86. Project Xanadu

    1960 - 2014
    http://www.xanadu.net/
    

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87. http://xanadu.com/XanaduSpace/btf.htm
    

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