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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
App startup time
with Dynamic/Static frameworks
try! Swift Pre Talk 2019
Mar 19, 2019 - @ShotaKashihara
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
Shota Kashihara
ɾWantedly People
ɾiOS
ɾSwift/Double base
ɾTwitter: @oakland76
ɾGitHub: @ShotaKashihara
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
ɾXcode ͱ Frameworks ͷྺ࢙
ɾΞϓϦͷىಈͱ Frameworks ͷؔ
ɾFrameworks ͷߏΛߟ͑Δ
ࠓ͢͜ͱ
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
Xcode ͱ Frameworks ͷྺ࢙
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
Xcode ͱ Frameworks ͷྺ࢙
Dynamic/Static Framework Λ ͓͞Β͍
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
Xcode ͱ Frameworks ͷྺ࢙
Xcode 5 #2013
ɹɾOnly Static Library (Obj-C)
Dynamic/Static Framework Λ ͓͞Β͍
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
Xcode ͱ Frameworks ͷྺ࢙
Xcode 5 #2013
ɹɾOnly Static Library (Obj-C)
Xcode 6 #2014
ɹɾSupport embedded frameworks (Dynamic Library)
Dynamic/Static Framework Λ ͓͞Β͍
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
Xcode ͱ Frameworks ͷྺ࢙
Xcode 5 #2013
ɹɾOnly Static Library (Obj-C)
Xcode 6 #2014
ɹɾSupport embedded frameworks (Dynamic Library)
Xcode 9 #2017
ɹɾSupport static library with Swift
ɹɹɾCocoa Pods (v1.5.0), Carthage (v0.30.1) ʹͯ ରԠࡁ
Dynamic/Static Framework Λ ͓͞Β͍
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
Dynamic/Static Framework
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
Framework
֦ுࢠ .framework
ɾϥΠϒϥϦ
ɾ(όϯυϧ)
ɹɾNib
ɹɾը૾
ɹɾϔομʔϑΝΠϧ
ͳͲΛ·ͱΊͨϑΥϧμ
Dynamic/Static Framework
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
Dynamic Framework
.framework
ɾಈతϥΠϒϥϦ (.dylib, or ֦ுࢠͳ͠)
ɹΛؚΜͩ Framework
Dynamic/Static Framework
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
Dynamic Framework
.framework
ɾಈతϥΠϒϥϦ (.dylib, or ֦ுࢠͳ͠)
ɹΛؚΜͩ Framework
ɾArchive
ɹɾ/Frameworks/ Լʹ
ɹɹ.framework ͷ··ίϐʔ
Dynamic/Static Framework
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
Static Framework
.framework
ɾ੩తϥΠϒϥϦ (.a, or ֦ுࢠͳ͠)
ɹΛؚΜͩ Framework
Dynamic/Static Framework
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
Static Framework
.framework
ɹ
ɾArchive
ɹɾ੩తϥΠϒϥϦίϯύΠϧ࣌ʹ੩తϦϯΧʹΑͬͯɺ
ɹɹ࣮ߦՄೳϑΝΠϧʹؚ·ΕΔ(୯ҰͷϑΝΠϧʹͳΔ)
ɹɾϦιʔεϑΝΠϧΞϓϦέʔγϣϯԼʹίϐʔͯ͠ɺ
ɹɹ࣮ߦՄೳϑΝΠϧ͔Βݟ͑Δঢ়ଶʹ͢Δඞཁ͋Γ
Dynamic/Static Framework
← Static Library ίϯύΠϧͰ
࣮ߦՄೳϑΝΠϧͷҰ෦ʹͳΔ
ɾ੩తϥΠϒϥϦ (.a, or ֦ுࢠͳ͠)
ɹΛؚΜͩ Framework
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
Dynamic Library ͷ 2ͭͷಛ
ɾDynamic Linking
ɾDynamic Loading
Dynamic/Static Framework
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
Dynamic Linking
ɾΞϓϦ࣮ߦ࣌ʹϦϯΫ͕ߦΘΕΔ͜ͱ
ɾ࣮ߦՄೳϑΝΠϧΛখ͘͞อͭ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ
Dynamic/Static Framework
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
Dynamic Loading
ɾ`dlopen()`
ɾΞϓϦىಈ࣌Ͱͳ͘ɺඞཁͳͱ͖ʹϩʔυΛ࢝ΊΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ
ɾiOS Ͱ͍ͬͯΔ໘Λ͋·Γݟͨ͜ͱ͕ͳ͍
Dynamic/Static Framework
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
ΞϓϦͷىಈʹͲ͏͍͏ϑϩʔ͕͋Δ͔
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
exec() to main()
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
exec() to main()
ΞϓϦ্ཱ͕͕ͪΔ·ͰʹཪଆͰى͖͍ͯΔ͜ͱ
※ WWDC 2016 (Optimizing App Startup Time) ʹͯݴٴ͞ΕͨςʔϚ
exec() to main()
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
exec()
1. Kernel maps your application into new address space
2. Kernel loads helper program
3. Dyld runs in-process
exec() to main()
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
exec()
1. Kernel maps your application into new address space
2. Kernel loads helper program
3. Dyld runs in-process
exec() to main()
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
exec()
1. Kernel maps your application into new address space
2. Kernel loads helper program
3. Dyld runs in-process
exec() to main()
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
exec()
1. Kernel maps your application into new address space
2. Kernel loads helper program
3. Dyld runs in-process
exec() to main()
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
exec()
1. Kernel maps your application into new address space
2. Kernel loads helper program
3. Dyld runs in-process
Dyld: ࣮ߦ࣌ʹ dynamic library ΛಡΈࠐΉϓϩηεͷ͜ͱ
exec() to main()
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
Dyld Steps
1. Map all dependent dylibs, recurse
2. Rebase all images
3. Bind all images
4. ObjC prepare images
5. Run initializers
exec() to main()
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
Dyld Steps
1. Map all dependent dylibs, recurse
2. Rebase all images
3. Bind all images
4. ObjC prepare images
5. Run initializers
exec() to main()
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
Dyld Steps
1. Map all dependent dylibs, recurse
2. Rebase all images
3. Bind all images
4. ObjC prepare images
5. Run initializers
exec() to main()
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
Dyld Steps
1. Map all dependent dylibs, recurse
2. Rebase all images
3. Bind all images
4. ObjC prepare images
5. Run initializers
exec() to main()
͜ΕΒ͕ Dynamic Framework ͷ͚ͩ࠶ؼ͢Δ
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
Dyld Steps
͜͜ʹͲΕ͘Β͍ͷ͕͔͔͍࣌ؒͬͯΔ͔ΛݟΔ
exec() to main()
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
DYLD_PRINT_STATISTICS
exec() to main()
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
DYLD_PRINT_STATISTICS
exec() to main()
ΞϓϦΛ্ཱͪ͛Δͱ main() ·Ͱʹ Dyld ʹ͔͔͕ͬͨ࣌ؒදࣔ
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
exec() to main()
ɾΞϓϦͷىಈ࣌ʹ Dyld ͕࠶ؼతʹ Framework ΛϝϞϦʹஔ͢Δ
ɾDynamic Framework ͷ͚ͩΦʔόʔϔου͕૿͑Δ
ɹ
exec() to main()
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
exec() to main()
ɾΞϓϦͷىಈ࣌ʹ Dyld ͕࠶ؼతʹ Framework ΛϝϞϦʹஔ͢Δ
ɾDynamic Framework ͷ͚ͩΦʔόʔϔου͕૿͑Δ
ɹ
ɹˠ ෳͷ Dynamic Frameworks Λ Static Library ͱͯ͠Ϗϧυͯ͠ɺ
ɹɹ ͦΕΒΛ·ͱΊͨ Dynamic Frameworks Λ࡞Δ
exec() to main()
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
ΞϓϦ ͷߏ
Domain.framework
Main.app
Watch.app
C.framework
B.framework
(3rd party)
A.framework
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
ΞϓϦ ͷߏ
Domain.framework
Main.app
Watch.app
Umbrella frameworks
C.framework
B.framework
(3rd party)
A.framework
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
ΞϓϦ ͷߏ
Domain.framework
Main.app
Watch.app
Umbrella frameworks
C.framework
B.framework
(3rd party)
A.framework
Static linking
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
·ͱΊ
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
Summary
ɾDynamic frameworks ͕૿͑Δͱ Dyld ͷίετ͕͔͔Δ
ɾΞϓϦͷىಈ͕ؾʹͳͬͨΒ DYLD_PRINT_STATISTICS ΦϓγϣϯͰ
ɹDynamic Library ͷϩʔυʹ͔͔͍ͬͯΔ࣌ؒΛݟͯΈΑ͏
ɾDynamic frameworks Λ Static Frameworks ʹஔ͖͑ͯ
ɹDyld ͷίετΛݮΒ͢͜ͱબࢶͷҰͭ
App startup time with Dynamic/Static frameworks
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©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
Have a nice try! Swift day