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Dreyfus Model of Skill
Acquisition
Or: learning about learning, and questioning best
practices
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Dreyfus Model Stages
• Novice
• Advanced Beginner
• Competent
• Proficient
• Expert
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Novice
• Little or no experiences.
• Wants recipe, best practices.
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Advanced Beginner
• Wants guidelines
• Wants to get answer, fast
• StackOverflow FTW!
• Doesn't get the "big picture" yet
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Competent
• Wants goals
• Often solves problem no one else has (i.e. not
available on StackOverflow)
• Having initiative and resourceful
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Proficient
• Needs the "big picture"
• Ability to self-correct
• Reflect on what works and what doesn't
• Act based on the reflection
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Expert
• The primary sources of knowledge and
information.
• 1 - 5 % of the population.
• Solves problem based on instinct and intuition.
• Disempowered by rules.
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Sample Dialog
• Novice: "I read this thing called Agile. Sounds
good. How do I implement them?"
• Proficient: "Here's my Agile cheat sheet, have a
look."
• Expert: "Agile is not a process. It's a
philosophy."
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For discussion
• Make mistake to learn and gain experience.
• Estimate where you at right now, and find a
"mentor" to guide to the next stage.
• The best Best Practices™ depends on Context.
• Expert is not always right.
• Question everything, including Best Practices™.