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Ten Years of Rails Upgrades
Jordan Raine
@jnraine
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Jordan Raine (@jnraine)
I’m a Rails developer at Clio
From Vancouver, BC
!
"
#
Ten Years of Rails Upgrades
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Why is it still so tough?
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No content
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Tiny Co. / Big Inc.
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$
Tiny Co.
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%
Big Inc.
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$
Tiny Co.
%
Big Inc.
1. Gems Few Many
2. Code changes Few Many
3. Test Few failures Won’t even run
4. Deploy Easy Terrifying
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$
Tiny Co.
%
Big Inc.
1. Gems ✅ ✅
2. Code changes ✅ ✅
3. Test ✅ ✅
4. Deploy ✅ ✅
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No content
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2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
2009
2008
2007 2016 2017 2018
2.0 3.0
3.1
3.2
2.1 2.2 2.3
2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 3.0 3.1 3.2 4.0 4.2
4.1 5.0 5.1 5.2
4.0
4.1
4.2
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2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
2009
2008
2007 2016 2017 2018
2.0 3.0
3.1
3.2
2.1 2.2 2.3
2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 3.0 3.1 3.2 4.0 4.2
4.1 5.0 5.1 5.2
4.0
4.1
4.2
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'•More developers
•More features
•More customers
•More revenue
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2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
2009
2008
2007 2016 2017 2018
2.0 3.0
3.1
3.2
2.1 2.2 2.3
2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 3.0 3.1 3.2 4.0 4.2
4.1 5.0 5.1 5.2
4.0
4.1
4.2
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Problems
Tiny Co. / Big Inc.
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Gemfile
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Dependencies aren’t free.
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Find the dependencies –
and eliminate them.
https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2001/10/14/in-defense-of-not-invented-here-syndrome/
“
”
Joel On Software
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The Excel team’s ruggedly
independent mentality also meant
that they always shipped on time
[and] their code was of uniformly
high quality.
Joel On Software
https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2001/10/14/in-defense-of-not-invented-here-syndrome/
“
”
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gem "quickbooks-ruby"
gem "oauth"
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gem "quickbooks-ruby"
gem "oauth"
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gem "quickbooks-ruby"
gem "oauth", "0.x.x"
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a) Don’t upgrade any gems
b) Upgrade both gems
c) Fork a gem and downgrade
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a) Don’t upgrade any gems
b) Upgrade both gems
c) Fork a gem and downgrade
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gem "quickbooks-ruby", github: "/quickbooks-ruby", ref
gem "oauth", "0.x.x"
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Rigid dependencies are difficult to maintain.
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class MyController < ApplicationController
- before_filter :require_login
+ before_action :require_login
end
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class MyModel < ApplicationRecord
attr_accessible :name, :description
# ...
end
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protected_attributes 4,947,703
activerecord >= 5.0 15,350,275
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We like protected_attributes 1/3 as much as activerecord.
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2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
2009
2008
2007 2016 2017 2018
2.0 3.0
3.1
3.2
2.1 2.2 2.3
2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 3.0 3.1 3.2 4.0 4.2
4.1 5.0 5.1 5.2
4.0
4.1
4.2
(
( (
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Tiny Co. / Big Inc.
Problems
Close the gaps
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) Keep the Gemfile healthy
* Outlaw deprecations
+ Canary Rails
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) Keep the Gemfile healthy
* Outlaw deprecations
+ Canary Rails
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gem "multi_json", "1.9.1"
gem "mime-types", "~> 2.0"
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gem "multi_json", "1.9.1"
gem "mime-types", "~> 2.0"
Drop those version constraints!
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gem "multi_json"
gem "mime-types"
Drop those version constraints!
,
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gem "quickbooks-ruby", github: "/quickbooks-ruby",
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gem "quickbooks-ruby", github: "/quickbooks-ruby",
Kill your forks!
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gem "quickbooks-ruby"
,
Kill your forks!
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Culture of updating gems
$ bundle update multi_json mime-types
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$ bundle outdated
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$ bundle outdated
Outdated gems included in the bundle:
* actionmailer (newest 5.2.0, installed 5.1.4, requested ~> 5.1) in groups "default"
* actionpack (newest 5.2.0, installed 5.1.4, requested ~> 5.1) in groups "default"
* actionview (newest 5.2.0, installed 5.1.4, requested ~> 5.1) in groups "default"
* active_model_serializers (newest 0.10.7, installed 0.8.3, requested ~> 0.8.3) in groups "default"
* activejob (newest 5.2.0, installed 5.1.4)
* activemodel (newest 5.2.0, installed 5.1.4, requested ~> 5.1) in groups "default"
* activerecord (newest 5.2.0, installed 5.1.4, requested ~> 5.1) in groups "default"
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actionmailer (newest 5.2.0, installed 5.1.4, requested ~> 5.1) in groups "default"
name newest version installed version requested version group
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$ bundle outdated
bundle outdated
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/...............
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/..
Resolving dependencies...........
Outdated gems included in the bundle:
* actionmailer (newest 5.2.0, installed 5.1.4, requested ~> 5.1) in groups "default"
* actionpack (newest 5.2.0, installed 5.1.4, requested ~> 5.1) in groups "default"
* actionview (newest 5.2.0, installed 5.1.4, requested ~> 5.1) in groups "default"
* active_model_serializers (newest 0.10.7, installed 0.8.3, requested ~> 0.8.3) in groups "default"
* activejob (newest 5.2.0, installed 5.1.4)
* activemodel (newest 5.2.0, installed 5.1.4, requested ~> 5.1) in groups "default"
* activerecord (newest 5.2.0, installed 5.1.4, requested ~> 5.1) in groups "default"
* activesupport (newest 5.2.0, installed 5.1.4, requested ~> 5.1) in groups "default"
* addressable (newest 2.5.2, installed 2.5.1)
* arel (newest 9.0.0, installed 8.0.0)
* aws-partitions (newest 1.80.0, installed 1.24.0)
* aws-sdk-core (newest 3.19.0, installed 3.6.0)
* aws-sdk-kms (newest 1.5.0, installed 1.2.0)
* aws-sdk-s3 (newest 1.9.0, installed 1.4.0) in groups "default"
* barber (newest 0.12.0, installed 0.11.2) in groups "default"
* better_errors (newest 2.4.0, installed 2.1.1) in groups "development"
* bootsnap (newest 1.3.0, installed 1.1.8) in groups "default"
* bullet (newest 5.7.5, installed 5.5.1) in groups "development"
* byebug (newest 10.0.2, installed 9.0.6) in groups "test, development"
* chunky_png (newest 1.3.10, installed 1.3.8)
* crass (newest 1.0.4, installed 1.0.3)
* ember-data-source (newest 3.0.2, installed 2.2.1)
* ember-handlebars-template (newest 0.8.0, installed 0.7.5, requested = 0.7.5) in groups "default"
* ember-rails (newest 0.21.0, installed 0.18.5, requested = 0.18.5) in groups "default"
* ember-source (newest 2.18.2, installed 2.13.3, requested = 2.13.3) in groups "default"
* erubi (newest 1.7.1, installed 1.6.1)
* excon (newest 0.62.0, installed 0.56.0) in groups "default"
* exifr (newest 1.3.3, installed 1.2.5)
* fabrication (newest 2.20.1, installed 2.9.8, requested = 2.9.8) in groups "test, development"
* faraday (newest 0.14.0, installed 0.11.0)
* ffi (newest 1.9.23, installed 1.9.18)
* globalid (newest 0.4.1, installed 0.4.0)
* hashdiff (newest 0.3.7, installed 0.3.4)
* hashie (newest 3.5.7, installed 3.5.5)
* highline (newest 1.7.10, installed 1.7.8) in groups "default"
* http_accept_language (newest 2.1.1, installed 2.0.5, requested ~> 2.0.5) in groups "default"
* i18n (newest 1.0.0, installed 0.8.6)
* in_threads (newest 1.5.0, installed 1.4.0)
* jmespath (newest 1.4.0, installed 1.3.1)
* jwt (newest 2.1.0, installed 1.5.6)
* kgio (newest 2.11.2, installed 2.11.1)
* lograge (newest 0.10.0, installed 0.7.1) in groups "default"
* logstash-logger (newest 0.26.1, installed 0.25.1) in groups "default"
* method_source (newest 0.9.0, installed 0.8.2)
* mini_mime (newest 1.0.0, installed 0.1.3) in groups "default"
* minitest (newest 5.11.3, installed 5.10.3) in groups "test"
* mocha (newest 1.5.0, installed 1.2.1) in groups "test, development"
* mock_redis (newest 0.18.0, installed 0.17.3) in groups "test, development"
* oauth (newest 0.5.4, installed 0.5.1)
* oauth2 (newest 1.4.0, installed 1.3.1)
* oj (newest 3.5.1, installed 3.4.0) in groups "default"
* omniauth (newest 1.8.1, installed 1.6.1) in groups "default"
* omniauth-facebook (newest 5.0.0, installed 4.0.0) in groups "default"
* omniauth-google-oauth2 (newest 0.5.3, installed 0.3.1) in groups "default"
* omniauth-instagram (newest 1.3.0, installed 1.0.2) in groups "default"
* omniauth-oauth2 (newest 1.5.0, installed 1.4.0) in groups "default"
* omniauth-twitter (newest 1.4.0, installed 1.3.0) in groups "default"
* parser (newest 2.5.1.0, installed 2.5.0.3)
* pg (newest 1.0.0, installed 0.21.0, requested ~> 0.21.0) in groups "default"
* progress (newest 3.4.0, installed 3.3.1)
* pry (newest 0.11.3, installed 0.10.4)
* pry-rails (newest 0.3.6, installed 0.3.4) in groups "default"
* public_suffix (newest 3.0.2, installed 2.0.5)
* puma (newest 3.11.4, installed 3.9.1) in groups "default"
* r2 (newest 0.2.7, installed 0.2.6, requested ~> 0.2.5) in groups "default"
* rack-openid (newest 1.4.2, installed 1.3.1)
* rack-test (newest 1.0.0, installed 0.7.0)
* railties (newest 5.2.0, installed 5.1.4, requested ~> 5.1) in groups "default"
* rake (newest 12.3.1, installed 12.3.0) in groups "default"
* rb-fsevent (newest 0.10.3, installed 0.9.8) in groups "test, development"
* rb-inotify (newest 0.9.10, installed 0.9.8, requested ~> 0.9) in groups "test, development"
* redis (newest 4.0.1, installed 3.3.5) in groups "default"
* redis-namespace (newest 1.6.0, installed 1.5.3) in groups "default"
* request_store (newest 1.4.1, installed 1.3.2)
* rinku (newest 2.0.4, installed 2.0.2) in groups "default"
* rotp (newest 3.3.1, installed 3.3.0) in groups "default"
* rspec (newest 3.7.0, installed 3.6.0) in groups "test, development"
* rspec-core (newest 3.7.1, installed 3.6.0)
* rspec-expectations (newest 3.7.0, installed 3.6.0)
* rspec-mocks (newest 3.7.0, installed 3.6.0)
* rspec-rails (newest 3.7.2, installed 3.6.1) in groups "test, development"
* rspec-support (newest 3.7.1, installed 3.6.0)
* rubocop (newest 0.54.0, installed 0.53.0) in groups "test, development"
* ruby-prof (newest 0.17.0, installed 0.16.2) in groups "development"
* sass (newest 3.5.6, installed 3.4.24)
* sassc (newest 1.11.4, installed 1.11.2) in groups "default"
* seed-fu (newest 2.3.9, installed 2.3.7) in groups "default"
* shoulda-matchers (newest 3.1.2, installed 2.8.0)
* sidekiq (newest 5.1.3, installed 5.0.5) in groups "default"
* slop (newest 4.6.2, installed 3.6.0)
* sprockets-rails (newest 3.2.1, installed 3.2.0) in groups "default"
* stackprof (newest 0.2.11, installed 0.2.10) in groups "default"
* thor (newest 0.20.0, installed 0.19.4) in groups "default"
* tilt (newest 2.0.8, installed 2.0.7) in groups "default"
* tzinfo (newest 1.2.5, installed 1.2.3)
* uglifier (newest 4.1.9, installed 3.2.0) in groups "assets"
* unf_ext (newest 0.0.7.5, installed 0.0.7.4)
* uniform_notifier (newest 1.11.0, installed 1.10.0)
where do I start?
• what is most important?
• which are the oldest?
• what is unmaintained?
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$ bin/bundle_report
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$ bin/bundle_report outdated
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$ bin/bundle_report outdated | head -n 5
rack-openid 1.3.1: released about 7 years ago (latest version, 1.4.2, released about 4 years ago)
method_source 0.8.2: released over 4 years ago (latest version, 0.9.0, released 7 months ago)
fabrication 2.9.8: released about 4 years ago (latest version, 2.20.1, released 3 months ago)
slop 3.6.0: released over 3 years ago (latest version, 4.6.2, released about 1 month ago)
active_model_serializers 0.8.3: released over 3 years ago (latest version, 0.10.7, released 5 months ago)
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rack-openid 1.3.1: released about 7 years ago (latest version, 1.4.2, released about 4 years ago)
name installed version release date newest version release date
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$ bin/bundle_report compatibility --rails-version=5.2.0
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$ bin/bundle_report compatibility --rails-version=5.2.0
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$ bin/bundle_report compatibility --rails-version 5.2.0
=> Incompatible with Rails 5.2.0 (with new versions that are compatible):
These gems will need to be upgraded before upgrading to Rails 5.2.0.
lograge 0.7.1 - upgrade to 0.10.0
=> Incompatible with Rails 5.2.0 (with no new compatible versions):
These gems will need to be removed or replaced before upgrading to Rails
5.2.0.
jquery-rails 4.3.1 - new version, 4.3.1, is not compatible with Rails 5.2.0
2 gems incompatible with Rails 5.2.0
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$ bin/bundle_report compatibility --rails-version 5.2.0
=> Incompatible with Rails 5.2.0 (with new versions that are compatible):
These gems will need to be upgraded before upgrading to Rails 5.2.0.
lograge 0.7.1 - upgrade to 0.10.0
=> Incompatible with Rails 5.2.0 (with no new compatible versions):
These gems will need to be removed or replaced before upgrading to Rails
5.2.0.
jquery-rails 4.3.1 - new version, 4.3.1, is not compatible with Rails 5.2.0
2 gems incompatible with Rails 5.2.0
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$ bin/bundle_report compatibility --rails-version 5.2.0
=> Incompatible with Rails 5.2.0 (with new versions that are compatible):
These gems will need to be upgraded before upgrading to Rails 5.2.0.
lograge 0.7.1 - upgrade to 0.10.0
=> Incompatible with Rails 5.2.0 (with no new compatible versions):
These gems will need to be removed or replaced before upgrading to Rails
5.2.0.
jquery-rails 4.3.1 - new version, 4.3.1, is not compatible with Rails 5.2.0
2 gems incompatible with Rails 5.2.0
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$ bin/bundle_report compatibility --rails-version 5.2.0
=> Incompatible with Rails 5.2.0 (with new versions that are compatible):
These gems will need to be upgraded before upgrading to Rails 5.2.0.
lograge 0.7.1 - upgrade to 0.10.0
=> Incompatible with Rails 5.2.0 (with no new compatible versions):
These gems will need to be removed or replaced before upgrading to Rails
5.2.0.
jquery-rails 4.3.1 - new version, 4.3.1, is not compatible with Rails 5.2.0
2 gems incompatible with Rails 5.2.0
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) Keep the Gemfile healthy
* Outlaw deprecations
+ Canary Rails
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) Keep the Gemfile healthy
* Outlaw deprecations
+ Canary Rails
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User.find(current_user)
# DEPRECATION WARNING: You are passing an instance
# of ActiveRecord::Base to `find`. Please pass the
# id of the object by calling `.id`. (called from at (
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ActiveSupport::Deprecation.behavior = :raise
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if ENV["DEPRECATION_TRACKER"]
DeprecationTracker.track_rspec(
config,
shitlist_path: "deprecation_warning.shitlist.json",
mode: ENV["DEPRECATION_TRACKER"]
)
end
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$ DEPRECATION_TRACKER=save rspec
deprecations.shitlist.json
$ DEPRECATION_TRACKER=compare rspec
-
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No content
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No content
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{
"./spec/controllers/post_controller_spec.rb": [
"DEPRECATION WARNING: env is deprecated and will be remov
],
"./spec/controllers/session_controller_spec.rb": [
"DEPRECATION WARNING: `xhr` and `xml_http_request` are de
"DEPRECATION WARNING: env is deprecated and will be remov
],
"./spec/controllers/accounts_controller_spec.rb": [
"DEPRECATION WARNING: Using positional arguments in funct
]
}
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{
"./spec/controllers/post_controller_spec.rb": [
"DEPRECATION WARNING: env is deprecated and will be remov
],
"./spec/controllers/session_controller_spec.rb": [
"DEPRECATION WARNING: `xhr` and `xml_http_request` are de
"DEPRECATION WARNING: env is deprecated and will be remov
],
"./spec/controllers/accounts_controller_spec.rb": [
"DEPRECATION WARNING: Using positional arguments in funct
]
}
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{
"./spec/controllers/post_controller_spec.rb": [
"DEPRECATION WARNING: env is deprecated and will be remov
],
"./spec/controllers/session_controller_spec.rb": [
"DEPRECATION WARNING: `xhr` and `xml_http_request` are de
"DEPRECATION WARNING: env is deprecated and will be remov
],
"./spec/controllers/accounts_controller_spec.rb": [
"DEPRECATION WARNING: Using positional arguments in funct
]
}
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$ bin/deprecations info
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$ bin/deprecations info
Ten most common deprecation warnings:
Occurrences: 608
DEPRECATION WARNING: Using positional arguments in functional tests has been deprecated,
in favor of keyword arguments, and will be removed in Rails 5.1.
Deprecated style:
get :show, { id: 1 }, nil, { notice: "This is a flash message" }
New keyword style:
get :show, params: { id: 1 }, flash: { notice: "This is a flash message" },
session: nil # Can safely be omitted.
(called from block (3 levels) in at spec/foo.rb:67)
----------
Occurrences: 553
DEPRECATION WARNING: Passing an argument to force an association to reload is now
deprecated and will be removed in Rails 5.1.
Please call `reload_active_al_subscription` instead. (called from reload_subscriptions at
app/models/foo.rb:270)
# ...
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$ bin/deprecations run
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$ bin/deprecations run --pattern "ActiveRecord::Base"
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$ bin/deprecations run --tracker-mode save
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ActiveSupport::Deprecation.behavior = :raise
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) Keep the Gemfile healthy
* Outlaw deprecations
+ Canary Rails
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) Keep the Gemfile healthy
* Outlaw deprecations
+ Dual-boot Rails next
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“current” Rails “next” Rails
4.2 5.0
5.0 5.1
5.2 master
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$ bin/next rails s
$ bin/next rspec
$ DEPRECATION_TRACKER=save bin/next rspec
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$ bin/next rails s
$ bin/next rspec
$ DEPRECATION_TRACKER=save bin/next rspec
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$ bin/next rails s
$ bin/next rspec
$ DEPRECATION_TRACKER=save bin/next rspec
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-old_deprecated_thing
+new_thing_that_works_in_both_versions
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+if Rails.application.next?
+ do_new_thing
+else
+ do_old_thing
+end
-do_old_thing
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Gemfile
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Gemfile Gemfile.next
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# top of Gemfile
def next?
File.basename(__FILE__) == "Gemfile.next"
end
# later
if next?
gem "rails", "5.2.0"
else
gem "rails", "5.1.6"
end
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# top of Gemfile
def next?
File.basename(__FILE__) == "Gemfile.next"
end
# later
if next?
gem "rails", "5.2.0"
else
gem "rails", "5.1.6"
end
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# top of Gemfile
def next?
File.basename(__FILE__) == "Gemfile.next"
end
# later
if next?
gem "rails", "5.2.0"
else
gem "rails", "5.1.6"
end
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Gemfile.next
Gemfile.next.lock
Gemfile.lock
Gemfile
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$ bin/next --init
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#!/bin/bash
export BUNDLE_GEMFILE=Gemfile.next
export BUNDLE_CACHE_PATH=vendor/cache.next
if [[ "${@}" =~ ^bundle ]]; then
$@
else
bundle exec $@
fi
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#!/bin/bash
export BUNDLE_GEMFILE=Gemfile.next
export BUNDLE_CACHE_PATH=vendor/cache.next
if [[ "${@}" =~ ^bundle ]]; then
$@
else
bundle exec $@
fi
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#!/bin/bash
export BUNDLE_GEMFILE=Gemfile.next
export BUNDLE_CACHE_PATH=vendor/cache.next
if [[ "${@}" =~ ^bundle ]]; then
$@
else
bundle exec $@
fi
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$ bundle install # install gems
$ rails s # run rails
$ rspec # run tests
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$ bin/next bundle install # install gems
$ bin/next rails s # run rails
$ bin/next rspec # run tests
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No content
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) Keep the Gemfile healthy
* Outlaw deprecations
+ Dual-boot Rails next
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Make it easy to do the right thing.
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# Try it out
$ gem install ten_years_rails_conf_2018
# Or, read the code
$ open https://github.com/clio/ten_years_rails_conf_2018
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Tiny Co. / Big Inc.
Problems
Close the gaps
Summary
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$
Tiny Co.
%
Big Inc.
1. Gems Few Many
2. Code changes Few Many
3. Test Few failures Won’t even run
4. Deploy Easy Terrifying
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$
Tiny Co.
%
Big Inc.
1. Gems Few Many Few
2. Code changes Few Many
3. Test Few failures Won’t even run
4. Deploy Easy Terrifying
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$
Tiny Co.
%
Big Inc.
1. Gems Few Many Few
2. Code changes Few Many Few
3. Test Few failures Won’t even run
4. Deploy Easy Terrifying
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$
Tiny Co.
%
Big Inc.
1. Gems Few Many Few
2. Code changes Few Many Few
3. Test Few failures
Won’t even run
Few failures
4. Deploy Easy Terrifying
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$
Tiny Co.
%
Big Inc.
1. Gems Few Many Few
2. Code changes Few Many Few
3. Test Few failures
Won’t even run
Few failures
4. Deploy Easy Less terrifying*
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Blur the lines
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Prepare for Rails
upgrade
Make codebase
better
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No content
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Removed 33 gems
Updated 27 gems
Reduced to zero deprecations
Fixed 2,950 of 3,300 failing tests
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Created an upgrade process
where everyone can contribute
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Hundreds of tiny changes.
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Hundreds of tiny changes.
Don’t wait.
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Thanks
Jordan Raine
@jnraine