Technical Successes and Failures in the History of Cookpad Development

by Issei Naruta

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ΫοΫύουͷܧଓతͳ੒௕ ͷͨΊʹ։ൃͱӡ༻͕  ԿΛ͖ͯͨ͠ͷ͔ɺ ͦͷࣦഊͱ੒ޭʹ͍ͭͯ $PPLQBE5FDI$POG ΫοΫύουגࣜձࣾΠϯϑϥετϥΫνϟʔ෦ ੒ాҰੜ

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੒ాҰੜ ͳΔͨ ͍͍ͬͤ !NJSBLVJ ΫοΫύουגࣜձࣾ ΠϯϑϥετϥΫνϟʔ෦௕ ೖࣾ೥໨

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େલఏ • ࣄۀ͸มԽ͢Δ • ૊৫͸มԽ͢Δ • ϓϩμΫτ΍ίʔυʹ͸ण໋͕͋Δ • ։ൃϦιʔε͸༗ݶͰ͋Δ

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ࠓ೔ͷςʔϚ • ݶΒΕͨϦιʔεͰɺͲ͏΍ͬͯ  ૊৫΍ࣄۀͷมԽʹڧ͍։ൃΛߦ͏͔ • ௕ण໋Խͨ͠ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͱ  Ͳ͏޲͖߹͍͔ͬͯ͘

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ྺ࢙

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ʮΫοΫύουʯ͸ ͍͔ͭΒ͋Δͷʁ

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IUUQTJOGPDPPLQBEDPNDPSQPSBUFIJTUPSZ

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IUUQTXFCBSDIJWFPSHXFCIUUQXXXDPPLQBEDPN

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IUUQTJOGPDPPLQBEDPNDPSQPSBUFIJTUPSZ

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$PME'VTJPO3BJMT

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IUUQTJOGPDPPLQBEDPNDPSQPSBUFIJTUPSZ

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IUUQTTQFBLFSEFDLDPNB@NBUTVEBUIFSFDJQFGPSUIFXPSMETMBSHFTUSBJMTNPOPMJUI

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ෆ໊༪

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߃ྫͷSBLFTUBUT ൛ +----------------------+-------+-------+---------+---------+-----+-------+ | Name | Lines | LOC | Classes | Methods | M/C | LOC/M | +----------------------+-------+-------+---------+---------+-----+-------+ | Controllers | 53487 | 43106 | 578 | 4326 | 7 | 7 | | Helpers | 16467 | 13482 | 19 | 1544 | 81 | 6 | | Models |109238 | 86118 | 1938 | 9700 | 5 | 6 | | Mailers | 2259 | 1821 | 47 | 209 | 4 | 6 | | Workers | 797 | 678 | 23 | 38 | 1 | 15 | | Chanko units | 12737 | 10967 | 20 | 373 | 18 | 27 | | Libraries | 52295 | 43235 | 649 | 3954 | 6 | 8 | | Feature specs | 56569 | 45583 | 0 | 192 | 0 | 235 | | Request specs | 46276 | 39906 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 2215 | | Routing specs | 614 | 495 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Controller specs | 64188 | 53000 | 6 | 128 | 21 | 412 | | Helper specs | 84918 | 70300 | 3 | 71 | 23 | 988 | | Model specs |163524 |135337 | 5 | 130 | 26 | 1039 | | Worker specs | 1156 | 959 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 957 | | Chanko unit specs | 9214 | 7596 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 688 | | Library specs | 26054 | 21809 | 25 | 125 | 5 | 172 | +----------------------+-------+-------+---------+---------+-----+-------+ | Total |699793 |574392 | 3313 | 20820 | 6 | 25 | +----------------------+-------+-------+---------+---------+-----+-------+ Code LOC: 199407 Test LOC: 374985 Code to Test Ratio: 1:1.9

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Ͱ͔͍ͱԿ͕ى͜Δͷ͔ ىಈʹ͕͔͔࣌ؒΔ ςετʹ͕͔͔࣌ؒΔ ੩తղੳܥπʔϧ͕ಈ͔ͳ͍ ϥΠϒϥϦ͕ಈ͔ͳ͍ σϓϩΠ͕େม Ϩʔϧʹ৐Εͳ͍

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ίʔυ΍؀ڥͷ࿝ٺԽ

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ͳͥਓ͸ શ෦ॻ͖௚ͨ͘͠ ͳΔͷ͔

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ࠒ શϦχϡʔΞϧܭը

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ϦχϡʔΞϧܭը • ΤϯδχΞ10ਓ͘Β͍ • ίʔυ͕ڊେɾෳࡶ͗ͯ͢ɺ৽ػೳͷ࣮૷͕ࠔ೉ • ͦ΋ͦ΋ࠓͷαʔϏε͸͜ΕͰ͍͍ͷͩΖ͏͔ʁ • ίʔυ΋αʔϏε΋ཧ૝తͳঢ়ଶʹͨ͠ɺ  Զͨͪͷߟ͑ͨ࠷ߴͷΫοΫύουʹ͠Α͏ w Α͠ϑϧεΫϥονͰॻͧ͘

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ϦχϡʔΞϧେࣦഊ

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Կ͕ىͬͨ͜ͷ͔ ʮαʔϏεͷίΞόϦϡʔΛநग़͢Δʯ ʮ៉ྷͳίʔυͰΠν͔Βॻ͖௚͢ʯ ͷ྆ํΛಉ࣌ʹ΍Ζ͏ͱͨ͠ ˠ͍ͭ·Ͱܦͬͯ΋࣮૷͕ऴΘΒͳ͍

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࢓༷ͷ੔ཧͱ ϦϑΝΫλϦϯάΛ ಉ࣌ʹ΍Βͳ͍ํ͕͍͍ ֶͼ

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ख஗Εʹͳ͔ͬͯΒ ΍Βͳ͍ ֶͼ

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೥ͷ3BJMTҠߦ͸  ͳͥ͏·͍ͬͨ͘ͷ͔ ΤϯδχΞ5ਓ Rails ʹৄ͍ࣾ͠һ 0ਓ ͦΕ΄Ͳ೔ຊͰྲྀߦͬͯͳ͍

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౰࣌ͷؔ܎ऀͷূݴ • αʔϏεͷػೳ͕·ͩগͳ͔ͬͨ • ͢Ͱʹ΅Ζ΅Ζ͔ͩͬͨΒɺ  ͦΕҎ্ࣦഊ͠Α͏͕ͳ͔ͬͨ • ͦ΋ͦ΋ͦΜͳʹ੒ޭ͍ͯ͠ͳ͔ͬͨ • ʢҠߦ͸͕ͨ͠ɺ౰ॳ͔ͳΓෆ҆ఆͩͬͨʣ • ए͔ͬͨ

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Ͱ͸Ͳ͏͢Ε͹͍͍ͷ͔

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ຊ౰ʹཉ͍͠΋ͷ͸  Կͩͬͨͷ͔ʁ

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ͳͥॻ͖௚͔ͨͬͨ͠ͷ͔ • αʔϏεͷܧଓతͳվળ͕͔ͨͬͨ͠ • ṖͷෳࡶͳϨΨγʔίʔυ͕ଟ͗ͯ͢  ػೳͷվળ΍௥Ճ͕ࠔ೉

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ϨΨγʔίʔυΛ  શ෦ॻ͖௚͞ͳͯ͘΋  ։ൃ଎౓Λམͱͣ͞  ܧଓతͳվળ͕Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ ͢Ε͹͍͍ͷͰ͸

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ϦχϡʔΞϧࣦഊ͕ੜΈग़ͨ͠ $IBOLP

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$IBOLP ຊ൪؀ڥͰͷτϥΠ&ΤϥʔΛࢧԉ͢Δ Rails ༻ gem Unit ͱ͍͏୯ҐͰطଘίʔυ΁ͷύονΛهड़ IUUQTHJUIVCDPNDPPLQBEDIBOLP

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" # طଘͷίʔυ A ΛɺελοϑϢʔβͷΈʹରͯ͠ ϕʔλ൛ͷίʔυ B ʹஔ͖׵͍͑ͨ ͨͩ͠ɺB ͸๯ݥతͳ࣮૷ͳͷͰɺྫ֎͕ൃੜ͢Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ طଘͷ$POUSPMMFSͷίʔυ ϕʔλ൛ͷίʔυ

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ελοϑͳΒ# #Ͱྫ֎͕ى͖ͨΒ" ελοϑҎ֎ͳΒ" ϑϥάͰ෼ذ͍ͤͯ͘͞ͱίʔυ͕ԚΕ͍ͯ͘

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ϕʔλػೳͷ6OJU طଘͷ$POUSPMMFSͷίʔυ " # Chanko Ͱ͸ɺUnit ͱ͍͏ϑΝΠϧʹϕʔλػೳͷϩδοΫΛهड़͢Δ invoke ৚݅Λຬͨͨ͠৔߹ʹɺطଘϩδοΫ (A) ͷ୅ΘΓʹ Unit (B) ͕࣮ߦ͞ΕΔ B ͕ྫ֎Λىͨ͜͠৔߹͸ɺݩͷ A ͕࣮ߦ͞ΕΔͨΊɺϢʔβʹ͸Τϥʔ͕ฦΒͳ͍ JOWPLF৚݅

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ແࣄʹՁ஋͕ೝΊΒΕͨΒ ຊ൪ͷ඼࣭ͷίʔυʹ࢓্͛Δ طଘίʔυΛॻ͖׵͑ɺUnit ϑΝΠϧΛফ͢  ʢ௨শ Un-chankoʣ

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d ଟαʔϏε࣌୅

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ΫοΫύου  ຊମίʔυ ผϓϩδΣΫτ 3BJMT

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ϓϩδΣΫτͷ෼͔Εํ • ࠷ॳ͔ΒผϓϩδΣΫτͱͯ͠࡞ΒΕɺ ޙ͔Βຊମͱ࿈ܞͨ͠ύλʔϯ • ࠷ॳ͸ຊମͷҰ෦ͱͯ͠࡞ΒΕɺ  ޙ͔Β෼཭ͨ͠ύλʔϯ

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8PSME`TMBSHFTU SBJMTNPOPMJUI Λ୤٫͍ͨ͠

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ϓϩδΣΫτ෼ׂํ਑ • ৽نαʔϏεΛ࡞Δͱ͖ • ຊମͱີ݁߹ͤ͟ΔΛಘͳ͍΋ͷ͸ຊମͰ࣮૷ • ͦ͏Ͱͳ͍΋ͷ͸࠷ॳ͔ΒผϓϩδΣΫτͰ • طଘαʔϏε • ෼ׂՄೳͳ΋ͷ͸ॱ࣍෼ׂ͍ͯ͘͠

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ʙ αʔϏεͷ෼ׂ

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IUUQUFDIMJGFDPPLQBEDPNFOUSZ ͱͯ΋͍͍هࣄɺ͓͢͢Ί

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ʮຊ౰͸Կ͕͍ͨ͠ͷ͔ʯΛݟۃΊΔ • γϯϓϧͳ࡞Γʹม͍͑ͨ • ෆཁͳίʔυ͕ॏͳΓɺಈ࡞͕஗͘ͳͬ ͍ͯΔͱ͜ΖΛղফ͍ͨ͠ • ৽͍͠ϥΠϒϥϦɺ৽͍ٕ͠ज़ΛऔΓ ࠐΊΔΑ͏ʹ͍ͨ͠

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େࣄͳ͜ͱ Ұͭͣͭ΍Δ

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ೋஈ֊ͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ෼཭ 1.ΫοΫύουຊମΛ fork ͠ɺෆཁ෦෼ Λૈํফͯ͠ςετΛ௨͢ 2.rails new ͨ͠৽نϓϩδΣΫτʹ  ࣸܦͯ͠ςετΛ௨͢

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ຊମίʔυΛGPSL ෆཁͳ෦෼Λૈํ࡟আ ςετΛ௨͢ ୈஈ֊

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͜ͷ࣌఺Ͱ͸ • ʮ͓͍͍݈͠߁ʯ͚ͩͷςετ࣮ߦɺ  σϓϩΠ͕Մೳʹͳͬͨ • ͜Ε͚ͩͰ΋े෼ࣄۀతͳԸܙ͕͋Δ • ফ͖͠Εͳ͔ͬͨґଘϥΠϒϥϦɺ  ϞϯΩʔύον౳͕ଟ਺࢒͍ͬͯΔঢ়ଶ • ςετ࣮ߦ͕஗͔ͬͨΓɺϨʔϧ͔Β  ͸ͣΕͨΓ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͕໰୊

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SBJMTOFXͨ͠৽نίʔυϕʔεʹ ϩδοΫΛҠ২͍͖ͯ͠ɺ طଘͷςετ͕௨Δ͜ͱΛ໨ࢦ͢ ୈஈ֊

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஫ҙ఺ • ϩδοΫ͸Ҡಈ͢Δ͚ͩ • ϦϑΝΫλϦϯάͨ͘͠ͳͬͯ΋  զຫ͢Δ • ςετΛ௨աͤ͞Δ͜ͱʹूத

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ʮ͓͍͍݈͠߁ʯ෼཭੒ޭ͔Βͷֶͼ • ϑϧεΫϥονͰॻ͖௚͞ͳ͔ͬͨ • ࢓༷มߋ΍ϦϑΝΫλϦϯάΛߦΘͣɺ ෼཭͚ͩΛߦͬͨ • খن໛ʹগͣͭ͠ਐΊ͍ͯ͘͜ͱͰɺ ͦΕͧΕͷஈ֊ͰࣄۀతͳϝϦοτΛ ڗडͰ͖ͨ

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෼཭ʹΑΔԸܙ • ΫοΫύουຊମ • ࣄۀͻͱͭ෼ίʔυ͕খ͘͞ͳͬͨ • ͓͍͍݈͠߁ • Ϩʔϧʹ৐ͬͨී௨ͷ  Rails ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʹͳΕͨ • ܰྔͰϞμϯͳ։ൃ؀ڥʹͳͬͨ

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ίʔυ඼࣭

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ίʔυ඼࣭͸Ϗδωεʹ Өڹ͢Δ͔ʁ

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ΫοΫύουͷ౴͑ :&4

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ίʔυͷ඼࣭ • Մಡੑ • ϝϯςφϯεੑ • όάͷ༗ແ • ηΩϡϦςΟ

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ίʔυͷ඼࣭͕Өڹ͢Δ΋ͷ • ։ൃޮ཰ • ଐਓੑ wίʔυͷण໋

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Ͳ͜·Ͱ΍Δ΂͖͔ʁ ΍Γ͗͢ͳ͍ ʮ៉ྷͳίʔυʯΛॻ͘͜ͱࣗମ͕໨తͰ͸ͳ͍ ࣄۀϑΣʔζʹͱͬͯඞཁͳ඼࣭·ͰΛ໨ࢦ͢

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ίʔυϨϏϡʔ • ࣭ͷߴ͍ίʔυϨϏϡʔ͕ίʔυ඼࣭ Λ͋Δఔ౓୲อ͢Δ • ෛͷҨ࢈Λ࢒͠ʹ͘͘ͳΔ

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ίʔυϨϏϡʔΞϯνύλʔϯ • ࠣࡉͳจ๏ͷ޷ΈͰᎍΊΔ • ΠϯσϯτɺׅހͳͲ • ͱʹ͔͘ෆໟ

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ίʔυن໿͕͋Δͱ ίʔυϨϏϡʔͷޮ཰͕ ྑ͘ͳΔ ֶͼ

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IUUQTHJUIVCDPNDPPLQBETUZMFHVJEF

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ಛ௃ ͦΜͳΜͲͬͪͰ΋͍͍ͩΖͱ ͍͏ͷ΋݁ߏܾΊͯΔ

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೥͘Β͍ӡ༻ͯ͠Έͯ • ࠷ॳ͸൓ରҙݟ΋ଟ͔ͬͨʢ๻΋ʣ • ϏδωεͷίʔυϨϏϡʔͳͷʹจ๏ ͷ͠ΐ͏΋ͳ͍࿦૪͕ల։͞ΕΔɺ  Έ͍ͨͳͷΛݟ͔͚ͳ͘ͳͬͨ • จ๏ͷ࿦૪͸ελΠϧΨΠυͷํͰ  ΍Ε͹Α͍ • ͋ͬͯΑ͔ͬͨελΠϧΨΠυ

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Πϯϑϥͷ࿝ٺԽ

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%$"84

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&$$MBTTJD71$

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ೋ౓ͷʮશ୆࡞Γ௚͠ʯΛܦͯ • ໾ׂͷΑ͘Θ͔Βͳ͍  Ṗͷαʔό͕౫ଡ͞Εͨ • શαʔό͕ Infra as Code Խ͞Εͨ • Ͳ͘͞͞Ͱ OS ΍֤छύοέʔδ͕ ΞοϓσʔτͰ͖ͨ

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Πϯϑϥ࿝ٺԽ໰୊ • ͢Ͱʹଘࡏ͠ͳ͍αʔόͷ Puppet • OS ΍ϛυϧ΢ΣΞ͕ݹ͍·· • ؀ڥ͕ݹͯ͘ੈ͔ؒΒִ཭͞ΕΔ

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Πϯϑϥ࿝ٺԽͷಛ௃ • ಈ͍͍ͯ͑͞Ε͹ɺΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ ίʔυ΄Ͳ͸࿝ٺԽ͕໰୊ʹ  ͳΓʹ͍͘ • େ෯ͳόʔδϣϯΞοϓ͸େม͔ͭ࣌ ͕͔͔ؒΔͷͰɺඞཁʹͳ͔ͬͯΒ  ಈ͖࢝ΊΔͷͰ͸஗͍

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ࣜ೥ભٶ IUUQTKBXJLJQFEJBPSHXJLJਆٶࣜ೥ભٶ

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ࣜ೥ભٶ ਆٶࣜ೥ભٶ͸ɺਆٶʢҏ੎ਆٶʣʹ͓͍ͯߦΘΕΔࣜ೥ભ ٶʢఆظతʹߦΘΕΔભٶʣͰ͋Δɻ ਆٶͰ͸ɺݪଇͱͯ͠20೥͝ͱʹɺ಺ٶʢߖେਆٶʣɾ֎ٶ ʢ๛डେਆٶʣͷೋͭͷਖ਼ٶͷਖ਼఼ɺ14ͷผٶͷશͯͷ఼ࣾ Λ଄Γସ͑ͯਆ࠲Λભ͢ɻ IUUQTKBXJLJQFEJBPSHXJLJਆٶࣜ೥ભٶ

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ࣜ೥ભٶͷ͕͍͜͜͢͝ • ଱༻೥਺ͷ୹͍ݐஙํࣜͳͷʹ  ҏ੎ਆٶ͸͓Αͦ1300೥ଘࡏ͍ͯ͠Δ • 7ੈلͷ໻ੜݐஙͷٕज़͕ݱ໾Ͱ  ఻ঝ͞Ε͍ͯΔ • ભٶͷ༻ࡐͱͳΔ໦ΛҭͯΔͷʹ  200೥Ҏ্͔͔Δ

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࡞Γ௚͢͜ͱΛ  લఏʹ͢Δ͜ͱͰ  ௕ण໋Խ ֶͼ

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*OGSB*OGSB • CentOS 6.2 -> Ubuntu 14.04 (16.04) • Puppet -> Itamae • VPCωοτϫʔΫͷ࠶ઃܭ • ֤छύοέʔδɺϛυϧ΢ΣΞͷ  όʔδϣϯΞοϓ • ͦͷଞϨΨγʔͷ࡮৽

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Πϯϑϥࣜ೥ભٶ • ৽͘͠࡞Δαʔό͸ infra2 Ͱ  ϓϩϏδϣχϯά͢Δ • طଘͷαʔό΋গͣͭ͠ infra2 Ͱ  ࡞Γ௚͍ͯ͘͠

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·ͱΊ

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େલఏʢ࠶ʣ • ࣄۀ͸มԽ͢Δ • ૊৫͸มԽ͢Δ • ϓϩμΫτ΍ίʔυʹ͸ण໋͕͋Δ • ։ൃϦιʔε͸༗ݶͰ͋Δ

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௕ੜ͖͢ΔࣄۀͷͨΊʹ  ٕज़͕Ͱ͖Δ͜ͱ • ඼࣭΍৽͠͞Λอͭ͜ͱࣗମΛ  ࢓૊ΈԽ͢Δ • ख஗ΕʹͳΔલʹগͣͭ͠΍Δ • ࡉ͔͘੒ޭମݧΛ࡞ΓɺΞοϓσʔτ ͷՁ஋Λ૊৫ʹ࣮ײͤ͞Δ