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WordCamp San Francisco 2013
Shannon Smith
Big
A guide to theme internationalization
in Japan
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Shannon Smith
Web Developer
Café Noir Design
www.cafenoirdesign.com
@cafenoirdesign
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What We’ll Cover
• Introduction
• Get a multilingual CMS
• Internationalize
• Localize
• After the Theme
• Closing
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Introduction
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Why build multilingual themes?
Photo: nevsred
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Defining Multilingual
Multilingual
vs. Unilingual
(but not
English)
Image: wpbeginner
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Step 0: Get a
Multilingual CMS
Photo:Dave Q
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Step 0 : WordPress in Your Language
1. Install
WordPress
2. Install
Language
Files
http://codex.wordpress.org/
WordPress_in_Your_Language
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Help! I can’t find my language!
1. Download the WordPress
Translation Files
http://svn.automattic.com/wordpress-i18n/
2. Translate Core Files
3. Install Language Files
http://codex.wordpress.org/WordPress_in_Your_Language
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Find Your Peeps!
WordPress Polyglots
http://make.wordpress.org/polyglots/
Photo: Joelk75
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Find Your Project!
L10n:
Localization
Teams
http://codex.wordpress.org/
L10n:Localization_Teams
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Step 1:
Internationalize
Photo:andrechinn
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i18n
i18n = internationalization
ʨ
18 letters
i n
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Internationalize
“The first step is when the program's
developers provide a mechanism and
method for the eventual translation of the
program and its interface to suit local
preferences and languages for users
worldwide.”
http://codex.wordpress.org/Translating_WordPress
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GNU gettext
Localization
Framework
• Text Domain
• Message-Level
Translation
• POT File
http://codex.wordpress.org/Translating_WordPress
http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/gettext.html
Photo:liza31337
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Text Domains
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Define Text Domain
http://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/load_theme_textdomain
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Twenty-Twelve : Define Text Domain
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Define Text Domain
// Make theme available for translation
// Translations can be filed in the /languages/ directory
load_theme_textdomain( 'your-theme', TEMPLATEPATH . '/
languages' );
$locale = get_locale();
$locale_file = TEMPLATEPATH . "/languages/$locale.php";
if ( is_readable($locale_file) )
require_once($locale_file);
http://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/load_theme_textdomain
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Using the Text Domain
http://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/load_theme_textdomain
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Message-Level Translation
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Message-level Translation
PHP return statement → __('message')
PHP echo statement → _e('message')
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What is the difference?
•PHP echo statement:
outputs whatever you tell it to the browser
•PHP return statement:
returns a value from a function
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Twenty-Twelve Echo Statement
_e('message')
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Twenty-Twelve Return Statement
__('message')
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Simple Strings
http://codex.wordpress.org/I18n_for_WordPress_Developers
echo '
' . __( 'Blog Options' ) . '
'; echo __( 'Using this option you will make a fortune!' ); _e( 'Using this option you will make a fortune!' );Slide 27
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Strings With Placeholders
http://codex.wordpress.org/I18n_for_WordPress_Developers
printf( __( 'Your zip code is %2$s, and your
city is %1$s.' ), $city, $zipcode );
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Strings With Plurals
http://codex.wordpress.org/I18n_for_WordPress_Developers
printf( _n( 'We deleted %d spam message.',
'We deleted %d spam messages.', $count ),
$count );
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Disambiguation
http://codex.wordpress.org/I18n_for_WordPress_Developers
http://ottopress.com/2012/internationalization-youre-probably-doing-it-wrong/
$string = _x( 'Buffalo', 'an animal', 'plugin-domain' );
$string = _x( 'Buffalo', 'a city in New York', 'plugin-
domain' );
$string = _x( 'Buffalo', 'a verb meaning to confuse
somebody', 'plugin-domain' );
/* translators: draft saved date format, see http://
php.net/date */
$draft_saved_date_format = __( 'g:i:s a' );
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Otto’s Unbreakable Laws of i18n
http://ottopress.com/2012/internationalization-youre-probably-doing-it-wrong/
•Thou shalt not use PHP variables of any kind inside a
translation function’s strings.
•Thou shalt always translate phrases and not words.
•Thou shalt disambiguate when needed.
•Thou shalt not put unnecessary HTML markup into the
translated string.
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Automate Adding Text Domains
http://codex.wordpress.org/I18n_for_WordPress_Developers
php add-textdomain.php -i domain phpfile
phpfile ...
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POT File
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What Is a POT File?
Photo:dbrekke
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GNU gettext Files
• POT (Portable Object Template) files
• PO (Portable Object) files
• MO (Machine Object) files
http://codex.wordpress.org/Translating_WordPress
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POT (Portable Object Template) files
• only file required for i18n
• includes every message passed into a __() or
_e() function
http://codex.wordpress.org/Translating_WordPress
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POT (Portable Object Template) files
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How do I get a POT file?
Photo:zzpza
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Option A: Poedit
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Option B: WordPress-i18n Tools
• SVN the WordPress-i18n tools and run the
makepot.php script
http://codex.wordpress.org/User:Skippy/Creating_POT_Files
php makepot.php wp-theme your-theme-
directory
•Deprecated in favour of GlotPress
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Option C: GlotPress
•Download and install locally
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Isn’t there a plugin for that?
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Option D: Codestyling Localization Plugin
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Option E: ICanLocalize Service
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Step 2: Localize
Photo:slightly everything
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L10n
L10n = Localization
ʨ
10 letters
L n
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Localize
“The second step is the actual localization, the
process by which the text on the page and other
settings are translated and adapted to another
language and culture, using the framework
prescribed by the developers of the software.”
http://codex.wordpress.org/Translating_WordPress
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Localize
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Localize
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Language & Locale
en_US – US English
en_UK – UK English
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GNU gettext Files
• POT (Portable Object Template) files
• PO (Portable Object) files
• MO (Machine Object) files
http://codex.wordpress.org/Translating_WordPress
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Create an MO File
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What a MO File Looks Like
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Define Your WordPress Locale
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Step 3: Profit!
Photo:Hub☺
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Step 3: Multilingual
Website
Photo:Hub☺
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Everything After the Theme
• Plugins
• Widgets
• Language Switcher
• Translated Content
• Plugin (WPML) or WordPress
Multisite
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Closing
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Shannon Smith
Web Developer
Café Noir Design
Get The Slides:
http://chroni.ca
www.cafenoirdesign.com
@cafenoirdesign