組織にテストを書く文化を根付かせる戦略と戦術（2020秋版） / Strategy and Tactics of Building Automated Testing Culture into Organization 2020 Autumn Edition

by Takuto Wada

Slide 1

Slide 1 text

૊৫ʹςετΛॻ͘จԽΛ ࠜ෇͔ͤΔઓུͱઓज़ ʢळόʔδϣϯʣ ࿨ా୎ਓ !U@XBEB 4FQ !+B445/JJHBUBجௐߨԋ

Slide 2

Slide 2 text

t-wada t_wada twada #jasst #jasstniigata ࣗݾ঺հ

Slide 3

Slide 3 text

ٕज़ॻͷग़൛ʹؔΘ͍ͬͯ·͢

Slide 4

Slide 4 text

#jasst #jasstniigata ΑΖ͓͘͠ئ͍͠·͢

Slide 5

Slide 5 text

ઓུฤ ૊৫ʹςετΛॻ͘ จԽΛࠜ෇͔ͤΔ

Slide 6

Slide 6 text

IUUQTXXXFWBOHFMJTNKQSFTPVSDFTCVTJOFTTXJUIJU લఏ*5͸ࣄۀͷίΞʹͳͬͨ

Slide 7

Slide 7 text

มΘΔੈքͭͷΩʔϝτϦΫε wϦʔυλΠϜ wσϓϩΠස౓ w.553 ฏۉम෮࣌ؒ wมߋࣦഊ཰ IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ

Slide 8

Slide 8 text

ϦʔυλΠϜͱσϓϩΠස౓ԾઆݕূϓϩηεΛਝ଎ʹճ͢ IUUQJLFZIBUFCMPKQFOUSZ

Slide 9

Slide 9 text

MTTR .553.FBOUJNFUP3FDPWFSZ3FQBJS IUUQTXXXTMJEFTIBSFOFUEFDPEFEPTSFTJUFSFMJBCJMJUZFOHJOFFSJOHJOB[VSFPOB[VSF Ұ෦վม

Slide 10

Slide 10 text

.5#'ΛࣺͯΔͷͰ͸ͳ͘඼࣭ΛϓϩηεͰ࡞ΓࠐΉ IUUQTXXXSZV[FFDPNDPOUFOUTCMPH

Slide 11

Slide 11 text

ΤϦʔτ ϋΠύϑΥʔϚʔ ϛσΟΞϜ ύϑΥʔϚʔ ϩʔύϑΥʔϚʔ ϦʔυλΠϜ ೔ະຬ ೔͔Βिؒ ि͔ؒΒϱ݄ ϱ݄͔Βϱ݄ σϓϩΠස౓ ΦϯσϚϯυ ೔ෳ਺ճ ೔ճ͔Βिճ िճ͔Β݄ճ ϱ݄͔Βϱ݄ .553 ࣌ؒະຬ ೔ະຬ ೔ະຬ ि͔ؒΒϱ݄ มߋࣦഊ཰ ͭͷΩʔϝτϦΫε೥ͷௐࠪ IUUQTXXXTMJEFTIBSFOFU%FW0QT8FCJOBSTBDDFMFSBUFTUBUFPGEFWPQTTVSWFZSFTVMUTBSFJO w։ൃ଎౓ͱ඼࣭͸τϨʔυΦϑͷؔ܎Ͱ͸ͳ͍ w૊৫ؒͷࠩ͸͔ͳΓେ͖͘ɺ͞Βʹ։͍͍ͯΔʢʣ wѹ౗తͳࠩ͸ܧଓతσϦόϦ΍%FW0QT΁ͷ૊৫తͳ౤ࢿͷࠩ

Slide 12

Slide 12 text

೥ʹ͓͚ΔΤϦʔτͱϩʔύϑΥʔϚʔͷࠩ wϦʔυλΠϜഒ wσϓϩΠස౓ഒ w.553ഒ wมߋࣦഊ཰ഒ IUUQTXXXTMJEFTIBSFOFU%FW0QT8FCJOBSTBDDFMFSBUFTUBUFPGEFWPQTTVSWFZSFTVMUTBSFJO

Slide 13

Slide 13 text

w ϩʔύϑΥʔϚʔͱͳΔ܏޲͕ڧ͍ͷ͸ɺ࣍ͷΑ͏ʹ ճ౴ͨ͠νʔϜͰ͋ͬͨ w ʮߏஙதͷιϑτ΢ΣΞ ͋Δ͍͸ར༻͢Δඞཁ ͷ͋ΔҰ܈ͷαʔϏε ͸ɺଞࣾ ֎஫ઌͳͲ ͕։ ൃͨ͠ΧελϜιϑτ΢ΣΞͰ͋Δʯ ͭͷΩʔϝτϦΫεݫ͍͠ݱ࣮ IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ ʰ-FBOͱ%FW0QTͷՊֶʱQ

Slide 14

Slide 14 text

ͳͥςετࣗಈԽͳͷ͔ ίετΛ࡟ݮ͍͔ͨ͠Β *5͕ࣄۀͷίΞͰ͋Γɺ ΞδϦςΟ͕ڝ૪ྗ͔ͩΒ

Slide 15

Slide 15 text

Ͱ΋ʜʜ ݱ৔͔ΒͷதܧͰ͢

Slide 16

Slide 16 text

ർฐ͖ͬͨ͠ݱ৔

Slide 17

Slide 17 text

IUUQTXXXqJDLSDPNQIPUPTPLJOBXBTPCB ߥΈ͖ͬͨίʔυ

Slide 18

Slide 18 text

ര஄ॲཧͷΑ͏ͳϦϦʔε

Slide 19

Slide 19 text

lςετ͕ͳ͍ίʔυ͸ϨΨγʔίʔυͩʂz

Slide 20

Slide 20 text

ͭͷlͳΒΘ͠z

Slide 21

Slide 21 text

IUUQTXXXqJDLSDPNQIPUPTELBMP lςετΛॻ࣌ؒ͘͸ͳ͍z

Slide 22

Slide 22 text

ετϨε ςετ ॻ੶ʰςετۦಈ։ൃʱΑΓ നؙ෇͖໼ҹෛͷ઀ଓࠜݩ͕૿͑Ε͹ઌ͸ݮΔɻࠜݩ͕ݮΕ͹ઌ͸૿͑Δ

Slide 23

Slide 23 text

ࣗಈςετ ετϨε ॻ੶ʰςετۦಈ։ൃʱΑΓ നؙ෇͖໼ҹෛͷ઀ଓࠜݩ͕૿͑Ε͹ઌ͸ݮΔɻࠜݩ͕ݮΕ͹ઌ͸૿͑Δ

Slide 24

Slide 24 text

ςετΛॻ͕࣌ؒ͘ͳ͍ͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ ςετΛॻ͔ͳ͍͔Β͕࣌ؒͳ͘ͳΔ ͷͰ͢

Slide 25

Slide 25 text

lಈ͘ίʔυʹ৮ΕΔͳz IUUQTXXXqJDLSDPNQIPUPT!/

Slide 26

Slide 26 text

&EJU1SBZʹ͸ࢮ͕଴͍ͬͯΔ

Slide 27

Slide 27 text

IUUQTUXJUUFSDPNU@XBEBTUBUVT Կ΋ͯ͠ͳ͍͔ΒյΕΔ

Slide 28

Slide 28 text

$PWFS.PEJGZ

Slide 29

Slide 29 text

w จԽͷৢ੒͸೥୯ҐͷࣄۀʹͳΔ w ʮςετΛॻ͕࣌ؒ͘ͳ͍ʯͷͰ͸ͳ͘ʮςετΛ ॻ͔ͳ͍͔Β͕࣌ؒͳ͘ͳΔʯ w ʮಈ͘ίʔυʹ৮ΕΔͳʯͱઓ͏ɻ৮Εͳ͚Ε͹ ڝ૪ྗ͕ऑ·Γɺࣄۀ͸؇΍͔ʹࢮΜͰ͍͘ w ίετ࡟ݮͰ͸ͳ͘ΞδϦςΟΛಘΔͨΊͷࣗಈԽ จԽΛม͍͑ͯ͘

Slide 30

Slide 30 text

w ϨΨγʔίʔυվળʹਖ਼ղ͸ͳ͍ w ςετࣗಈԽ͸ۜͷ஄ؙͰ͸ͳ͍ w ಋೖํ๏ʹ΋ۜͷ஄ؙ͸ͳ͍ w ಋೖΛ໨తʹͯ͠͸ͳΒͳ͍ w ঢ়گ͸ݱ৔ʹΑͬͯશͯҟͳΔ ۜͷ஄ؙ͸ͳ͍

Slide 31

Slide 31 text

w 5P#FͰ͸ͳ͘"T*Tͱ/PU5P#F͔Β͸͡ΊΔ w ਓ͸ࣗ෼ͷ଎౓Ͱ͔͠੒௕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ w ϓϩδΣΫτ΋ϓϩδΣΫτͷ଎౓Ͱ͔͠੒௕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ w ͦΕͰ΋࠲ͯ͠଴ͨͣมԽΛՃ଎͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ ΠϚίί͔Β͸͡ΊΔ

Slide 32

Slide 32 text

ಈ͖ʹ͍͘૊৫Λ ಈ͔͢ʹ͸

Slide 33

Slide 33 text

w ΞϝϦΧਓඈͼࠐΊ͹͋ͳͨ͸ӳ༤Ͱ͢ w ΠΪϦεਓඈͼࠐΊ͹͋ͳͨ͸ਈ࢜Ͱ͢ w υΠπਓඈͼࠐΉͷ͕͜ͷધͷنଇͰ͢ w ΠλϦΞਓඈͼࠐΉͱঁੑʹ΋ͯ·͢Α w ϑϥϯεਓඈͼࠐ·ͳ͍Ͱ͍ͩ͘͞ w ೔ຊਓΈΜͳඈͼࠐΜͰ͍·͢Α ೔ຊਓΛಈ͔͢ݴ༿ʢ༻๏༻ྔΛकͬͯ࢖͏͜ͱʣ IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ

Slide 34

Slide 34 text

IUUQTOFXTUCTDPKQOFXTFZFUCT@OFXTFZFIUN

Slide 35

Slide 35 text

આ໌੹೚ͷ޲͖Λ൓సͤ͞Δ IUUQTUXJUUFSDPNIJSPLJ@EBJDIJTUBUVT

Slide 36

Slide 36 text

ཧ࿦෢૷͢Δ

Slide 37

Slide 37 text

ෆ۩߹ͷൃݟ͕ ஗ΕΕ͹஗ΕΔ΄Ͳ ίετ͕͔͔Δ IUUQTXXXBTURCPSHQSFTTSPPN*452#@$FSUJpDBUJPO@/FXT@@IUNM

Slide 38

Slide 38 text

ςετࣗಈԽͷଛӹ෼ذ఺͸ʮճʯ IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ ͓ΑͦճͰ खಈςετͱࣗಈԽ͞Εͨςετͷ ίετ͕ٯస͢Δ

Slide 39

Slide 39 text

IUUQTNBSUJOGPXMFSDPNBSUJDMFTJTRVBMJUZXPSUIDPTUIUNM อकੑͷ௿͕͞΋ͨΒ͢΋ͷ ͻͱͭͻͱͭͷมߋʹ ༨ܭͳ͕͔͔࣌ؒΔ

Slide 40

Slide 40 text

಺෦඼࣭΁ͷ౤ࢿͷଛӹ෼ذ఺͸ ೥ޙͱ͔Ͱ͸ͳ͘ ϲ݄Ҏ಺ʹݱΕΔ IUUQTNBSUJOGPXMFSDPNBSUJDMFTJTRVBMJUZXPSUIDPTUIUNM ಺෦඼࣭΁ͷ౤ࢿͷଛӹ෼ذ఺͸ϲ݄Ҏ಺ʹݱΕΔ

Slide 41

Slide 41 text

© Towersquest, Inc. 2010. all rights reserved. N. Nagappan, M. E. Maximilien, T. Bhat and L. Williams: Realizing quality improvement through test driven development: results and experiences of four industrial teams, Journal of Empirical Software Engineering, vol. 13, pp. 289-302 (2008) 5%%ಋೖޮՌ .4 *#. 41 IBM Driver MS Windows MS MSN MS Visual Studio ιʔείʔυαΠζ (KLOC) 41 6 26 155.2 ςετίʔυαΠζ (KLOC) 28.5 4 23.2 60.3 TDDΛ࠾༻͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ྨࣅϓϩδ ΣΫτͰͷܽؕີ౓Λ̍ͱͨ͠ͱ ͖ͷܽؕີ౓ 0.61 0.38 0.24 0.09 TDD࠾༻ʹΑΓ૿Ճͨ͠ίʔυ࣮ ૷࣌ؒ(؅ཧऀͷݟੵʹΑΔ) 15ʙ20% 25ʙ35% 15% 20ʙ25%

Slide 42

Slide 42 text

© Towersquest, Inc. 2010. all rights reserved. 5%%ಋೖޮՌ ΤϦΫιϯଞ w 5%%Λ࣮ࢪͨ͠৔߹ʹใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔ஌ݟ ‣ ػೳςετͰͷෆ۩߹ݕग़਺͕࡟ݮ͞Εͨ ‣ ίʔσΟϯά ࣮૷ ͷ͕࣌ؒˋ૿͑ͨ ‣ ςετͷΧόϨοδ͕େ͖͘ͳͬͨ w ඃݧऀΛର৅ͱͨ͠Ξϯέʔτ ‣ ͷඃݧऀ͕σόοάͷ޻਺ΛݮΒ͢ͱײͨ͡ ‣ ͷඃݧऀ͕ཁٻ͕ચ࿅͞ΕΔͱײͨ͡ ‣ ͷඃݧऀ͕ίʔυͷ඼࣭Λ্͛Δͱײͨ͡ ‣ ͷඃݧऀ͕։ൃ޻਺ΛݮΒ͢ͱײͨ͡ 42 Boby George, a and Laurie Williams: A structured experiment of test-driven development, Journal of Information and Software Technology Vol. 46, No. 5, p. 337-342(2004)

Slide 43

Slide 43 text

IUUQTXXXqJDLSDPNQIPUPTUPNQBHFOFU ςετ͸඼࣭Λ্͛ͳ͍

Slide 44

Slide 44 text

w ඼࣭͕ʮΘ͔ΔʯΑ͏ʹͳΔ w Θ͔Δ͜ͱͦ͜େࣄ w ςετΛॻ͚ͩ͘Ͱ͸ɺྑ͘͸ͳΒͳ͍ w ମॏܭʹ৐Δ͚ͩͰ͸૫ͤͳ͍ w ඼࣭Λ্͛Δͷ͸ઃܭͱϓϩάϥϛϯά w ࠶ઃܭͱϦϑΝΫλϦϯάΛςετͰࢧ͑Δ ςετ͸඼࣭Λ্͛ͳ͍

Slide 45

Slide 45 text

lςετͰ͸඼࣭͸্͕Βͳ͍Ͱ͢Αɻ ςετ͸͋͘·Ͱ΋඼࣭Λ͋͛Δ͖ͬ ͔͚ɻ඼࣭Λ͋͛Δͷ͸ϓϩάϥϛϯ άͰ͢ɻ͜Ε͸େੲ͔Βͦ͏ɻz

Slide 46

Slide 46 text

૊৫ʹςετΛॻ͘ จԽΛࠜ෇͔ͤΔ ઓज़ฤ

Slide 47

Slide 47 text

ͭͷlಓ͠Δ΂z

Slide 48

Slide 48 text

w ʮϨΨγʔίʔυͷδϨϯϚʯ w lίʔυΛมߋ͢ΔͨΊʹ͸ςετΛ੔උ͢Δඞཁ͕͋ Δɻଟ͘ͷ৔߹ɺςετΛ੔උ͢ΔͨΊʹ͸ɺίʔυΛ มߋ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δz w ϨΨγʔίʔυʹ৮ΔͨΊͷ ޠኮͱٕ๏Λ੔ཧͨ͠ຊ w TUBDLPWFSqPXDPN͔Βͷ ඃݴٴ਺ୈҐ ϨΨγʔίʔυվળΨΠυ IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ

Slide 49

Slide 49 text

w ϨΨγʔίʔυվળΨΠυΑΓ΍΍ந৅౓͕ߴ͍ w ιϑτ΢ΣΞͷϦΤϯδχΞϦϯάΛߦ͏ͭͷ બ୒ࢶΛ͍ࣔͯ͠Δ w ϦϑΝΫλϦϯά w ϦΞʔΩςΫςΟϯά w ϏοάɾϦϥΠτ ϨΨγʔιϑτ΢ΣΞվળΨΠυ IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ

Slide 50

Slide 50 text

Ͳ͜ʹςετΛ ॻ͍͍͔ͯ͘

Slide 51

Slide 51 text

w ʮԿ͕Ұ൪΍͹͍Ͱ͔͢ʁʯ w ࠷΋ࠔ͍ͬͯΔͱ͜Ζ͔Β w ͓ۚɺݸਓ৘ใɺʜʜ w ৽ػೳ։ൃ͔Β w όάमਖ਼ͷͱ͜Ζ͔Β w ੩తղੳͰϐϯϙΠϯτʹ Ͳ͔͜Β΍Δ͔

Slide 52

Slide 52 text

ʮ௧ΜͩՕॴʯͱʮख͕ಧ͘Ռ࣮ʯ

Slide 53

Slide 53 text

wϦεΫ wखಈςετͷίετ wࣗಈԽίετ ςετͷτϦΞʔδ IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ9

Slide 54

Slide 54 text

ςετέʔε ϦεΫ खಈςετͷ ίετ ࣗಈԽίετ σβΠϯมߋ ηΩϡϦςΟΞϥʔτ औҾཤྺ ޱ࠲ͷౚ݁ ৽نϢʔβొ࿥ ݕࡧ݁Ռͷฒͼସ͑ ͓ۚͷೖۚ ৼΓࠐΈͷ֬ೝ ςετέʔεΛҰཡʹ·ͱΊΔ IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ9

Slide 55

Slide 55 text

ςετέʔε ϦεΫ खಈςετͷ ίετ ࣗಈԽίετ σβΠϯมߋ ηΩϡϦςΟΞϥʔτ औҾཤྺ ޱ࠲ͷౚ݁ ৽نϢʔβొ࿥ ݕࡧ݁Ռͷฒͼସ͑ ͓ۚͷೖۚ ৼΓࠐΈͷ֬ೝ ϦεΫΛݟੵ΋Δʢͬ͘͟Γߴ௿ʣ IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ9

Slide 56

Slide 56 text

ςετέʔε ϦεΫ खಈςετͷ ίετ ࣗಈԽίετ σβΠϯมߋ ηΩϡϦςΟΞϥʔτ औҾཤྺ ޱ࠲ͷౚ݁ ৽نϢʔβొ࿥ ݕࡧ݁Ռͷฒͼସ͑ ͓ۚͷೖۚ ৼΓࠐΈͷ֬ೝ खಈςετͷίετΛݟੵ΋Δʢͬ͘͟Γߴ௿ʣ IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ9

Slide 57

Slide 57 text

ࣗಈԽίετΛݟੵ΋Δʢͬ͘͟Γߴ௿ʣ ςετέʔε ϦεΫ खಈςετͷ ίετ ࣗಈԽίετ σβΠϯมߋ ηΩϡϦςΟΞϥʔτ औҾཤྺ ޱ࠲ͷౚ݁ ৽نϢʔβొ࿥ ݕࡧ݁Ռͷฒͼସ͑ ͓ۚͷೖۚ ৼΓࠐΈͷ֬ೝ IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ9

Slide 58

Slide 58 text

༏ઌॱҐΛ෇͚ͯฒ΂ସ͑Δ ςετέʔε ϦεΫ खಈςετͷ ίετ ࣗಈԽίετ ޱ࠲ͷౚ݁ ৼΓࠐΈͷ֬ೝ औҾཤྺ ݕࡧ݁Ռͷฒͼସ͑ ͓ۚͷೖۚ ηΩϡϦςΟΞϥʔτ ৽نϢʔβొ࿥ σβΠϯมߋ IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ9

Slide 59

Slide 59 text

Ͳ͏ςετΛ ॻ͍͍͔ͯ͘

Slide 60

Slide 60 text

w ࣮ߦԁ׈ੑʢ0QFSBCJMJUZʣ w ࣗಈ࣮ߦ͕༰қͰ͔ͭߴ଎ w ؍ଌ༰қੑʢ0CTFSWBCJMJUZʣ w ςετ݁Ռͷऔಘɾظ଴஋ൺֱΛࣗಈԽ͠΍͍͢ w ੍ޚ༰қੑʢ$POUSPMMBCJMJUZʣ w ࣄલঢ়ଶΛ੍ޚ͠ɺςετର৅Λࣗಈૢ࡞͠΍͍͢ w ෼ղՄೳੑʢ%FDPNQPTBCJMJUZʣ w ςετର৅ͷ੾Γग़͠ɺςετ؀ڥ΁ͷ෦෼ஔ׵͕༰қ IUUQTTQFBLFSEFDLDPNHPZPLJUFTUBCJMJUZJOFNCFEEFETPGUXBSF ࣗಈςετʹ͓͚ΔςελϏϦςΟ

Slide 61

Slide 61 text

w ઀߹෦ͷݕ౼ͱۛຯ w ߜΓࠐΈ఺ͷൃݟͱґଘͷ෼཭ w ࠶ݱੑ͋Δςετϋʔωεͷ੔උ w ௒ूதฤू )ZQFSBXBSF&EJUJOH w ίϯύΠϥ*%&·͔ͤ w ࢓༷Խςετ w ࢼߦϦϑΝΫλϦϯά ϨΨγʔίʔυվળͷٕ๏ IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ

Slide 62

Slide 62 text

Slide 63

Slide 63 text

w ࠷ॳ͔Βશ෦΍Ζ͏ͱ͠ͳ͍ w ςετۦಈʹͩ͜ΘΔͳ w ςετϑΝʔετʹͩ͜ΘΔͳ w ʮϢχοτʯςετʹͩ͜ΘΔͳ w ςετͷ࣮ߦ଎౓ʹͩ͜ΘΔͳ w ςετͷ໢ཏੑʹͩ͜ΘΔͳ ͩ͜ΘΔͳ

Slide 64

Slide 64 text

w ྑ͍Ϣχοτςετͷࢦඪʹ΋༏ઌ౓͕͋Δ w ࠶ݱɺ܁Γฦ͠Մೳ 3FQFBUBCMF w ಠཱ͍ͯ͠Δ *OEFQFOEFOU w ଞ͸ͦΕ͔ΒͰ͍͍ ͩ͜ΘΖ͏

Slide 65

Slide 65 text

w ςετ͕ͳ͍ͷ͸طʹઃܭ͕ѱ͍ஹީ w ઃܭ࣮૷Λม͑Δͷ͕લఏ w ࣮૷ͷςετΛॻ͔ͳ͍͜ͱ w ςετ͕Χόʔ͢Δൣғʹ༡ͼΛ࣋ͨͤɺ Χόʔൣғ಺ΛϦϑΝΫλϦϯά w ঢ়گʹԠͯ͡&&ςετΛ࢖͍͜ͳ͢ ઃܭͷՄಈҬΛ֬อ͢Δ

Slide 66

Slide 66 text

ςετࣗಈԽϐϥϛουͱΞϯνύλʔϯ IUUQTXBUJSNFMPOCMPHJOUSPEVDJOHUIFTPGUXBSFUFTUJOHJDFDSFBNDPOF

Slide 67

Slide 67 text

l5FTU4J[FTzBU(PPHMF IUUQTUFTUJOHHPPHMFCMPHDPNUFTUTJ[FTIUNM

Slide 68

Slide 68 text

medium small large ࣗ෼ͨͪͰ4.-Λఆٛ͠ɺௐ੔͢Δ

Slide 69

Slide 69 text

w αϯϓϧͱσϞ͕େࣄ w ਅࣅͯ͠΋Β͏౔୆Λ࡞Δ w ࠷ॳ͸αϯϓϧͷίϐϖͰ΋ྑ͍ w ςετͷ͋Δੜ׆Λମݧͯ͠΋Β͏͜ͱ͕େࣄ w ࣍ʹςετͷϝϯςφϯεΛֶͿ എதΛݟͤΔ

Slide 70

Slide 70 text

ࣄྫ$ZHBNFTࣾ಺ϫʔΫγϣοϓ IUUQTUFDIDZHBNFTDPKQBSDIJWFT

Slide 71

Slide 71 text

w Ͱ͖Δ͔Β΍ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͍ w ΍Δ͔ΒͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔ w ࣗ෼͕ॻ͚ΔΑ͏ʹͳΒͳ͚Ε͹ɺ୭΋ ॻ͚ΔΑ͏ʹ͸ͳΒͳ͍ 4PDJBM$IBOHFTUBSUTXJUI:06

Slide 72

Slide 72 text

4PDJBM$IBOHFTUBSUTXJUI:06

Slide 73

Slide 73 text

ςετ͸ϓϩͷᅂΈ ͝ਗ਼ௌ͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·ͨ͠