組織にテストを書く文化を根付かせる戦略と戦術（2020秋版） / Strategy and Tactics of Building Automated Testing Culture into Organization 2020 Autumn Edition

ソフトウェアテストシンポジウム 2020 新潟 JaSST'20 Niigata 基調講演
2020年9月28日（月）
http://www.jasst.jp/symposium/jasst20niigata.html

Transcript

1. ૊৫ʹςετΛॻ͘จԽΛ
   ࠜ෇͔ͤΔઓུͱઓज़
   ʢळόʔδϣϯʣ
   ࿨ా୎ਓ !U@XBEB
   
   4FQ !+B445/JJHBUBجௐߨԋ
   

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2. t-wada
   t_wada
   twada
   
   #jasst
   #jasstniigata
   ࣗݾ঺հ
   

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3. ٕज़ॻͷग़൛ʹؔΘ͍ͬͯ·͢
   

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4. 
   #jasst
   #jasstniigata
   ΑΖ͓͘͠ئ͍͠·͢
   

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5. ઓུฤ
   ૊৫ʹςετΛॻ͘
   จԽΛࠜ෇͔ͤΔ
   

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6. IUUQTXXXFWBOHFMJTNKQSFTPVSDFTCVTJOFTTXJUIJU
   લఏ*5͸ࣄۀͷίΞʹͳͬͨ
   

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7. มΘΔੈքͭͷΩʔϝτϦΫε
   wϦʔυλΠϜ
   wσϓϩΠස౓
   w.553 ฏۉम෮࣌ؒ
   
   wมߋࣦഊ཰
   IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ
   

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8. ϦʔυλΠϜͱσϓϩΠස౓ԾઆݕূϓϩηεΛਝ଎ʹճ͢
   IUUQJLFZIBUFCMPKQFOUSZ
   

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9. MTTR
   .553.FBOUJNFUP3FDPWFSZ3FQBJS
   IUUQTXXXTMJEFTIBSFOFUEFDPEFEPTSFTJUFSFMJBCJMJUZFOHJOFFSJOHJOB[VSFPOB[VSF Ұ෦վม
   
   

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10. .5#'ΛࣺͯΔͷͰ͸ͳ͘඼࣭ΛϓϩηεͰ࡞ΓࠐΉ
    IUUQTXXXSZV[FFDPNDPOUFOUTCMPH
    

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11. ΤϦʔτ ϋΠύϑΥʔϚʔ
    ϛσΟΞϜ
    ύϑΥʔϚʔ
    ϩʔύϑΥʔϚʔ
    ϦʔυλΠϜ ೔ະຬ ೔͔Βिؒ ि͔ؒΒϱ݄ ϱ݄͔Βϱ݄
    σϓϩΠස౓
    ΦϯσϚϯυ
    ೔ෳ਺ճ
    
    ೔ճ͔Βिճ िճ͔Β݄ճ ϱ݄͔Βϱ݄
    .553 ࣌ؒະຬ ೔ະຬ ೔ະຬ ि͔ؒΒϱ݄
    มߋࣦഊ཰
    ͭͷΩʔϝτϦΫε೥ͷௐࠪ
    IUUQTXXXTMJEFTIBSFOFU%FW0QT8FCJOBSTBDDFMFSBUFTUBUFPGEFWPQTTVSWFZSFTVMUTBSFJO
    w։ൃ଎౓ͱ඼࣭͸τϨʔυΦϑͷؔ܎Ͱ͸ͳ͍
    w૊৫ؒͷࠩ͸͔ͳΓେ͖͘ɺ͞Βʹ։͍͍ͯΔʢʣ
    wѹ౗తͳࠩ͸ܧଓతσϦόϦ΍%FW0QT΁ͷ૊৫తͳ౤ࢿͷࠩ
    

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12. ೥ʹ͓͚ΔΤϦʔτͱϩʔύϑΥʔϚʔͷࠩ
    wϦʔυλΠϜഒ
    wσϓϩΠස౓ഒ
    w.553ഒ
    wมߋࣦഊ཰ഒ
    IUUQTXXXTMJEFTIBSFOFU%FW0QT8FCJOBSTBDDFMFSBUFTUBUFPGEFWPQTTVSWFZSFTVMUTBSFJO
    

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13. w ϩʔύϑΥʔϚʔͱͳΔ܏޲͕ڧ͍ͷ͸ɺ࣍ͷΑ͏ʹ
    ճ౴ͨ͠νʔϜͰ͋ͬͨ
    w ʮߏஙதͷιϑτ΢ΣΞ ͋Δ͍͸ར༻͢Δඞཁ
    ͷ͋ΔҰ܈ͷαʔϏε
    ͸ɺଞࣾ ֎஫ઌͳͲ
    ͕։
    ൃͨ͠ΧελϜιϑτ΢ΣΞͰ͋Δʯ
    ͭͷΩʔϝτϦΫεݫ͍͠ݱ࣮
    IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ
    ʰ-FBOͱ%FW0QTͷՊֶʱQ
    

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14. ͳͥςετࣗಈԽͳͷ͔
    ίετΛ࡟ݮ͍͔ͨ͠Β
    *5͕ࣄۀͷίΞͰ͋Γɺ
    ΞδϦςΟ͕ڝ૪ྗ͔ͩΒ
    

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15. Ͱ΋ʜʜ
    ݱ৔͔ΒͷதܧͰ͢
    

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16. ർฐ͖ͬͨ͠ݱ৔
    

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17. IUUQTXXXqJDLSDPNQIPUPTPLJOBXBTPCB
    ߥΈ͖ͬͨίʔυ
    

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18. ര஄ॲཧͷΑ͏ͳϦϦʔε
    

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19. lςετ͕ͳ͍ίʔυ͸ϨΨγʔίʔυͩʂz
    

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20. ͭͷlͳΒΘ͠z
    

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21. IUUQTXXXqJDLSDPNQIPUPTELBMP
    lςετΛॻ࣌ؒ͘͸ͳ͍z
    

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22. ετϨε
    ςετ
    ॻ੶ʰςετۦಈ։ൃʱΑΓ
    നؙ෇͖໼ҹෛͷ઀ଓࠜݩ͕૿͑Ε͹ઌ͸ݮΔɻࠜݩ͕ݮΕ͹ઌ͸૿͑Δ
    

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23. ࣗಈςετ
    ετϨε
    ॻ੶ʰςετۦಈ։ൃʱΑΓ
    നؙ෇͖໼ҹෛͷ઀ଓࠜݩ͕૿͑Ε͹ઌ͸ݮΔɻࠜݩ͕ݮΕ͹ઌ͸૿͑Δ
    

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24. ςετΛॻ͕࣌ؒ͘ͳ͍ͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ
    ςετΛॻ͔ͳ͍͔Β͕࣌ؒͳ͘ͳΔ
    ͷͰ͢
    

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25. lಈ͘ίʔυʹ৮ΕΔͳz
    IUUQTXXXqJDLSDPNQIPUPT!/
    

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26. &EJU1SBZʹ͸ࢮ͕଴͍ͬͯΔ
    

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27. IUUQTUXJUUFSDPNU@XBEBTUBUVT
    Կ΋ͯ͠ͳ͍͔ΒյΕΔ
    

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28. $PWFS.PEJGZ
    

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29. w จԽͷৢ੒͸೥୯ҐͷࣄۀʹͳΔ
    w ʮςετΛॻ͕࣌ؒ͘ͳ͍ʯͷͰ͸ͳ͘ʮςετΛ
    ॻ͔ͳ͍͔Β͕࣌ؒͳ͘ͳΔʯ
    w ʮಈ͘ίʔυʹ৮ΕΔͳʯͱઓ͏ɻ৮Εͳ͚Ε͹
    ڝ૪ྗ͕ऑ·Γɺࣄۀ͸؇΍͔ʹࢮΜͰ͍͘
    w ίετ࡟ݮͰ͸ͳ͘ΞδϦςΟΛಘΔͨΊͷࣗಈԽ
    จԽΛม͍͑ͯ͘
    

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30. w ϨΨγʔίʔυվળʹਖ਼ղ͸ͳ͍
    w ςετࣗಈԽ͸ۜͷ஄ؙͰ͸ͳ͍
    w ಋೖํ๏ʹ΋ۜͷ஄ؙ͸ͳ͍
    w ಋೖΛ໨తʹͯ͠͸ͳΒͳ͍
    w ঢ়گ͸ݱ৔ʹΑͬͯશͯҟͳΔ
    ۜͷ஄ؙ͸ͳ͍
    

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31. w 5P#FͰ͸ͳ͘"T*Tͱ/PU5P#F͔Β͸͡ΊΔ
    w ਓ͸ࣗ෼ͷ଎౓Ͱ͔͠੒௕Ͱ͖ͳ͍
    w ϓϩδΣΫτ΋ϓϩδΣΫτͷ଎౓Ͱ͔͠੒௕Ͱ͖ͳ͍
    w ͦΕͰ΋࠲ͯ͠଴ͨͣมԽΛՃ଎͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍
    ΠϚίί͔Β͸͡ΊΔ
    

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32. ಈ͖ʹ͍͘૊৫Λ
    ಈ͔͢ʹ͸
    

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33. w ΞϝϦΧਓඈͼࠐΊ͹͋ͳͨ͸ӳ༤Ͱ͢
    w ΠΪϦεਓඈͼࠐΊ͹͋ͳͨ͸ਈ࢜Ͱ͢
    w υΠπਓඈͼࠐΉͷ͕͜ͷધͷنଇͰ͢
    w ΠλϦΞਓඈͼࠐΉͱঁੑʹ΋ͯ·͢Α
    w ϑϥϯεਓඈͼࠐ·ͳ͍Ͱ͍ͩ͘͞
    w ೔ຊਓΈΜͳඈͼࠐΜͰ͍·͢Α
    ೔ຊਓΛಈ͔͢ݴ༿ʢ༻๏༻ྔΛकͬͯ࢖͏͜ͱʣ
    IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ
    

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34. IUUQTOFXTUCTDPKQOFXTFZFUCT@OFXTFZFIUN
    

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35. આ໌੹೚ͷ޲͖Λ൓సͤ͞Δ
    IUUQTUXJUUFSDPNIJSPLJ@EBJDIJTUBUVT
    

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36. ཧ࿦෢૷͢Δ
    

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37. ෆ۩߹ͷൃݟ͕
    ஗ΕΕ͹஗ΕΔ΄Ͳ
    ίετ͕͔͔Δ
    IUUQTXXXBTURCPSHQSFTTSPPN*452#@$FSUJpDBUJPO@/FXT@@IUNM
    

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38. ςετࣗಈԽͷଛӹ෼ذ఺͸ʮճʯ
    IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ
    ͓ΑͦճͰ
    खಈςετͱࣗಈԽ͞Εͨςετͷ
    ίετ͕ٯస͢Δ
    

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39. IUUQTNBSUJOGPXMFSDPNBSUJDMFTJTRVBMJUZXPSUIDPTUIUNM
    อकੑͷ௿͕͞΋ͨΒ͢΋ͷ
    ͻͱͭͻͱͭͷมߋʹ
    ༨ܭͳ͕͔͔࣌ؒΔ
    

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40. ಺෦඼࣭΁ͷ౤ࢿͷଛӹ෼ذ఺͸
    ೥ޙͱ͔Ͱ͸ͳ͘
    ϲ݄Ҏ಺ʹݱΕΔ
    IUUQTNBSUJOGPXMFSDPNBSUJDMFTJTRVBMJUZXPSUIDPTUIUNM
    ಺෦඼࣭΁ͷ౤ࢿͷଛӹ෼ذ఺͸ϲ݄Ҏ಺ʹݱΕΔ
    

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41. © Towersquest, Inc. 2010. all rights reserved.
    N. Nagappan, M. E. Maximilien, T. Bhat and L. Williams: Realizing quality improvement through test driven development: results and
    experiences of four industrial teams, Journal of Empirical Software Engineering, vol. 13, pp. 289-302 (2008)
    5%%ಋೖޮՌ .4 *#.
    
    41
    IBM Driver MS
    Windows
    MS MSN MS Visual
    Studio
    ιʔείʔυαΠζ (KLOC)
    41 6 26 155.2
    ςετίʔυαΠζ (KLOC)
    28.5 4 23.2 60.3
    TDDΛ࠾༻͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ྨࣅϓϩδ
    ΣΫτͰͷܽؕີ౓Λ̍ͱͨ͠ͱ
    ͖ͷܽؕີ౓
    0.61 0.38 0.24 0.09
    TDD࠾༻ʹΑΓ૿Ճͨ͠ίʔυ࣮
    ૷࣌ؒ(؅ཧऀͷݟੵʹΑΔ) 15ʙ20% 25ʙ35% 15% 20ʙ25%
    

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42. © Towersquest, Inc. 2010. all rights reserved.
    5%%ಋೖޮՌ ΤϦΫιϯଞ
    
    w 5%%Λ࣮ࢪͨ͠৔߹ʹใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔ஌ݟ
    ‣ ػೳςετͰͷෆ۩߹ݕग़਺͕࡟ݮ͞Εͨ
    ‣ ίʔσΟϯά ࣮૷
    ͷ͕࣌ؒˋ૿͑ͨ
    ‣ ςετͷΧόϨοδ͕େ͖͘ͳͬͨ
    w ඃݧऀΛର৅ͱͨ͠Ξϯέʔτ
    ‣ ͷඃݧऀ͕σόοάͷ޻਺ΛݮΒ͢ͱײͨ͡
    ‣ ͷඃݧऀ͕ཁٻ͕ચ࿅͞ΕΔͱײͨ͡
    ‣ ͷඃݧऀ͕ίʔυͷ඼࣭Λ্͛Δͱײͨ͡
    ‣ ͷඃݧऀ͕։ൃ޻਺ΛݮΒ͢ͱײͨ͡
    42
    Boby George, a and Laurie Williams: A structured experiment of test-driven development, Journal of Information and Software Technology Vol. 46, No. 5, p. 337-342(2004)
    

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43. IUUQTXXXqJDLSDPNQIPUPTUPNQBHFOFU
    ςετ͸඼࣭Λ্͛ͳ͍
    

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44. w ඼࣭͕ʮΘ͔ΔʯΑ͏ʹͳΔ
    w Θ͔Δ͜ͱͦ͜େࣄ
    w ςετΛॻ͚ͩ͘Ͱ͸ɺྑ͘͸ͳΒͳ͍
    w ମॏܭʹ৐Δ͚ͩͰ͸૫ͤͳ͍
    w ඼࣭Λ্͛Δͷ͸ઃܭͱϓϩάϥϛϯά
    w ࠶ઃܭͱϦϑΝΫλϦϯάΛςετͰࢧ͑Δ
    ςετ͸඼࣭Λ্͛ͳ͍
    

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45. lςετͰ͸඼࣭͸্͕Βͳ͍Ͱ͢Αɻ
    ςετ͸͋͘·Ͱ΋඼࣭Λ͋͛Δ͖ͬ
    ͔͚ɻ඼࣭Λ͋͛Δͷ͸ϓϩάϥϛϯ
    άͰ͢ɻ͜Ε͸େੲ͔Βͦ͏ɻz
    

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46. ૊৫ʹςετΛॻ͘
    จԽΛࠜ෇͔ͤΔ
    ઓज़ฤ
    

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47. ͭͷlಓ͠Δ΂z
    

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48. w ʮϨΨγʔίʔυͷδϨϯϚʯ
    w lίʔυΛมߋ͢ΔͨΊʹ͸ςετΛ੔උ͢Δඞཁ͕͋
    Δɻଟ͘ͷ৔߹ɺςετΛ੔උ͢ΔͨΊʹ͸ɺίʔυΛ
    มߋ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δz
    w ϨΨγʔίʔυʹ৮ΔͨΊͷ
    ޠኮͱٕ๏Λ੔ཧͨ͠ຊ
    w TUBDLPWFSqPXDPN͔Βͷ
    ඃݴٴ਺ୈҐ
    ϨΨγʔίʔυվળΨΠυ
    IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ
    

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49. w ϨΨγʔίʔυվળΨΠυΑΓ΍΍ந৅౓͕ߴ͍
    w ιϑτ΢ΣΞͷϦΤϯδχΞϦϯάΛߦ͏ͭͷ
    બ୒ࢶΛ͍ࣔͯ͠Δ
    w ϦϑΝΫλϦϯά
    w ϦΞʔΩςΫςΟϯά
    w ϏοάɾϦϥΠτ
    ϨΨγʔιϑτ΢ΣΞվળΨΠυ
    IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ
    

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50. Ͳ͜ʹςετΛ
    ॻ͍͍͔ͯ͘
    

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51. w ʮԿ͕Ұ൪΍͹͍Ͱ͔͢ʁʯ
    w ࠷΋ࠔ͍ͬͯΔͱ͜Ζ͔Β
    w ͓ۚɺݸਓ৘ใɺʜʜ
    w ৽ػೳ։ൃ͔Β
    w όάमਖ਼ͷͱ͜Ζ͔Β
    w ੩తղੳͰϐϯϙΠϯτʹ
    Ͳ͔͜Β΍Δ͔
    

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52. ʮ௧ΜͩՕॴʯͱʮख͕ಧ͘Ռ࣮ʯ
    

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53. wϦεΫ
    wखಈςετͷίετ
    wࣗಈԽίετ
    ςετͷτϦΞʔδ
    IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ9
    

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54. ςετέʔε ϦεΫ
    खಈςετͷ
    ίετ
    ࣗಈԽίετ
    σβΠϯมߋ
    ηΩϡϦςΟΞϥʔτ
    औҾཤྺ
    ޱ࠲ͷౚ݁
    ৽نϢʔβొ࿥
    ݕࡧ݁Ռͷฒͼସ͑
    ͓ۚͷೖۚ
    ৼΓࠐΈͷ֬ೝ
    ςετέʔεΛҰཡʹ·ͱΊΔ
    IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ9
    

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55. ςετέʔε ϦεΫ
    खಈςετͷ
    ίετ
    ࣗಈԽίετ
    σβΠϯมߋ
    ηΩϡϦςΟΞϥʔτ
    औҾཤྺ
    ޱ࠲ͷౚ݁
    ৽نϢʔβొ࿥
    ݕࡧ݁Ռͷฒͼସ͑
    ͓ۚͷೖۚ
    ৼΓࠐΈͷ֬ೝ
    ϦεΫΛݟੵ΋Δʢͬ͘͟Γߴ௿ʣ
    IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ9
    

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56. ςετέʔε ϦεΫ
    खಈςετͷ
    ίετ
    ࣗಈԽίετ
    σβΠϯมߋ
    ηΩϡϦςΟΞϥʔτ
    औҾཤྺ
    ޱ࠲ͷౚ݁
    ৽نϢʔβొ࿥
    ݕࡧ݁Ռͷฒͼସ͑
    ͓ۚͷೖۚ
    ৼΓࠐΈͷ֬ೝ
    खಈςετͷίετΛݟੵ΋Δʢͬ͘͟Γߴ௿ʣ
    IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ9
    

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57. ࣗಈԽίετΛݟੵ΋Δʢͬ͘͟Γߴ௿ʣ
    ςετέʔε ϦεΫ
    खಈςετͷ
    ίετ
    ࣗಈԽίετ
    σβΠϯมߋ
    ηΩϡϦςΟΞϥʔτ
    औҾཤྺ
    ޱ࠲ͷౚ݁
    ৽نϢʔβొ࿥
    ݕࡧ݁Ռͷฒͼସ͑
    ͓ۚͷೖۚ
    ৼΓࠐΈͷ֬ೝ
    IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ9
    

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58. ༏ઌॱҐΛ෇͚ͯฒ΂ସ͑Δ
    ςετέʔε ϦεΫ
    खಈςετͷ
    ίετ
    ࣗಈԽίετ
    ޱ࠲ͷౚ݁
    ৼΓࠐΈͷ֬ೝ
    औҾཤྺ
    ݕࡧ݁Ռͷฒͼସ͑
    ͓ۚͷೖۚ
    ηΩϡϦςΟΞϥʔτ
    ৽نϢʔβొ࿥
    σβΠϯมߋ
    IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ9
    

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59. Ͳ͏ςετΛ
    ॻ͍͍͔ͯ͘
    

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60. w ࣮ߦԁ׈ੑʢ0QFSBCJMJUZʣ
    w ࣗಈ࣮ߦ͕༰қͰ͔ͭߴ଎
    w ؍ଌ༰қੑʢ0CTFSWBCJMJUZʣ
    w ςετ݁Ռͷऔಘɾظ଴஋ൺֱΛࣗಈԽ͠΍͍͢
    w ੍ޚ༰қੑʢ$POUSPMMBCJMJUZʣ
    w ࣄલঢ়ଶΛ੍ޚ͠ɺςετର৅Λࣗಈૢ࡞͠΍͍͢
    w ෼ղՄೳੑʢ%FDPNQPTBCJMJUZʣ
    w ςετର৅ͷ੾Γग़͠ɺςετ؀ڥ΁ͷ෦෼ஔ׵͕༰қ
    IUUQTTQFBLFSEFDLDPNHPZPLJUFTUBCJMJUZJOFNCFEEFETPGUXBSF
    ࣗಈςετʹ͓͚ΔςελϏϦςΟ
    

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61. w ઀߹෦ͷݕ౼ͱۛຯ
    w ߜΓࠐΈ఺ͷൃݟͱґଘͷ෼཭
    w ࠶ݱੑ͋Δςετϋʔωεͷ੔උ
    w ௒ूதฤू )ZQFSBXBSF&EJUJOH
    
    w ίϯύΠϥ*%&·͔ͤ
    w ࢓༷Խςετ
    w ࢼߦϦϑΝΫλϦϯά
    ϨΨγʔίʔυվળͷٕ๏
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62. var createHandler = function (getNextItemIndex) {
    return function (event, context, callback) {
    var alexa = Alexa.handler(event, context);
    alexa.registerHandlers(createHandlers(getNextItemIndex));
    alexa.execute();
    };
    };
    exports.createHandler = createHandler;
    exports.handler = function () {
    var getNextItemIndex = () => Math.floor(Math.random() * questions.length);
    return createHandler(getNextItemIndex);
    }();
    exports.handler = function (event, context, callback) {
    var alexa = Alexa.handler(event, context);
    alexa.registerHandlers(handlers);
    alexa.execute();
    };
    ྫϥϯμϜੑΛ൐͏ؔ਺Λ֎͔Βࠩ͠ࠐΊΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ
    変更前
    変更後
    

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63. w ࠷ॳ͔Βશ෦΍Ζ͏ͱ͠ͳ͍
    w ςετۦಈʹͩ͜ΘΔͳ
    w ςετϑΝʔετʹͩ͜ΘΔͳ
    w ʮϢχοτʯςετʹͩ͜ΘΔͳ
    w ςετͷ࣮ߦ଎౓ʹͩ͜ΘΔͳ
    w ςετͷ໢ཏੑʹͩ͜ΘΔͳ
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64. w ྑ͍Ϣχοτςετͷࢦඪʹ΋༏ઌ౓͕͋Δ
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    w ಠཱ͍ͯ͠Δ *OEFQFOEFOU
    
    w ଞ͸ͦΕ͔ΒͰ͍͍
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65. w ςετ͕ͳ͍ͷ͸طʹઃܭ͕ѱ͍ஹީ
    w ઃܭ࣮૷Λม͑Δͷ͕લఏ
    w ࣮૷ͷςετΛॻ͔ͳ͍͜ͱ
    w ςετ͕Χόʔ͢Δൣғʹ༡ͼΛ࣋ͨͤɺ
    Χόʔൣғ಺ΛϦϑΝΫλϦϯά
    w ঢ়گʹԠͯ͡&&ςετΛ࢖͍͜ͳ͢
    ઃܭͷՄಈҬΛ֬อ͢Δ
    

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66. ςετࣗಈԽϐϥϛουͱΞϯνύλʔϯ
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67. l5FTU4J[FTzBU(PPHMF
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68. medium
    small
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    ࣗ෼ͨͪͰ4.-Λఆٛ͠ɺௐ੔͢Δ
    

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69. w αϯϓϧͱσϞ͕େࣄ
    w ਅࣅͯ͠΋Β͏౔୆Λ࡞Δ
    w ࠷ॳ͸αϯϓϧͷίϐϖͰ΋ྑ͍
    w ςετͷ͋Δੜ׆Λମݧͯ͠΋Β͏͜ͱ͕େࣄ
    w ࣍ʹςετͷϝϯςφϯεΛֶͿ
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70. ࣄྫ$ZHBNFTࣾ಺ϫʔΫγϣοϓ
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71. w Ͱ͖Δ͔Β΍ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͍
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    ॻ͚ΔΑ͏ʹ͸ͳΒͳ͍
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72. 4PDJBM$IBOHFTUBSUTXJUI:06
    

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73. ςετ͸ϓϩͷᅂΈ
    ͝ਗ਼ௌ͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·ͨ͠
    

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